高阶流形方法模拟裂纹扩展研究

在物理覆盖上采用一阶覆盖函数（即单元上位移函数为二阶）模拟裂纹扩展,并且基于采用的覆盖函数给出了一种裂纹尖端停留在单元内部的算法,从而,可控制每一步裂纹扩展的长度。该方法可弥补物理覆盖上使用常覆盖函数模拟裂纹扩展时无法准确控制扩展长度的不足。     

谱学研究在印章石中的应用:以昌化石为例

在野外地质工作、显微镜下观察、电子探针分析和差热分析的基础上,运用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析对印章石(以著名的昌化石为例)进行了谱学分析。昌化石主要矿物成分为高岭石族矿物,主要为迪开石及高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物。通过X射线衍射图谱分析计算其结晶度指数(HI)表明,高岭石族矿物的结晶有序度存在明显的高低变化。红外光谱特征显示,其中属于外部羟基振动的3 697cm-1谱峰强度(A)与属于内部羟基振动的3 620cm-1谱峰强度(B)的比值随着结晶度指数的降低有逐渐升高的趋势,且比值A/B的大小可以大致用来区分高岭石和迪开石:一般高岭石比值大于1,而迪开石小于1。差热分析的结果也印证了高岭石族矿物有序度高低变化的现象,如:高岭石族矿物在加热到400℃～700℃时会出现一个强烈尖锐的吸热峰,吸热峰的强度及温度与其有序度的高低存在正相关性。当主要组成矿物成分为较纯净的迪开石时,其有序度相对较高,透明度也较好;当主要矿物成分为高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物时,其有序度较低,透明度也较差。X射线衍射分析和红外光谱都是研究分析印章石的有效方法,但X射线分析通常为有损分析,且仪器使用条件相对较高;而红外光谱则可以无损且具有扫描时间短等...     

以海泛面进行垂向流动单元划分的方法——以琼东南盆地崖13-1气田陵三段为例

以层序地层划分为基础,把崖13-1气田主力产层陵三段划分为8个四级层序,并以四级层序的海泛面为控制边界,在气田南区与北II区划分出8个垂向流动单元,而在北I区划分为7个垂向流动单元。崖13-1气田东南部广海海泛对南部地区影响更大,使南区与北II区多沉积了一套海泛面泥岩隔层,导致这两个区块垂向流动单元比北I区多出一个。这一流动单元划分方案得到了气田压力测试的验证,对今后气田开发有指导作用。     

Late Olenekian Radiolarians from Bedded Chert of Ashio Terrane, Northeast Japan,and Faunal Turnovers in Western Panthalassa during Early Triassic

Late Olenekian assemblages in the western Panthalassa have been recovered from bedded radiolarian chert sequences of an accretionary complex, the Ashio belt. These faunas are documented and considered in terms of radiolarian diversity and faunal turnover during the latest Permian to Middle Triassic time. The fauna includes 30 radiolarians belonging to Spumellaria or Entactinaria, with two relicts from the Late Permian. This late Olenekian fauna is markedly different from Permian and Asisian faunas, respectively, and is herein named the Minowa fauna. Study of the literaure indicates that radiolarian provinces were significantly disconnected between the western Panthalassa and eastern Tethys during late Olenekian time. Furthermore, 121 of 143 species disappeared during late Olenekian time, and in turn 118 new species appeared in the western Panthalassa around the Olenekian-Anisian boundary. It is concluded that faunal turnover occurred at least three times between the latest Permian and Middle Triassic.The first turnover is the Poalaozoie-type radiolarian extinction at the Permain-Triassic boundary,the second is the diversification of spheroidal Spumellaria and Entactinaria between early and late Olenekian time, and the third is a faunal turnover from the Minowa fauna to the true Mesozoic-type radiolarian famas that are characterized by mulit0segmented Nassellaria.     

Linear relationship between thermo-dehydroxylation and induced-strain by mechanical processing in vacuum: The case of industrial kaolinite, talc and montmorillonite

The thermal behaviour and the structural properties of three important industrial phyllosilicates, such as kaolinite, talc and Ca-rich montmorillonite, have been examined after mechanical treatment in a specifically built planetary ball mill working in vacuum (P = 0.13 Pa) at room temperature (25 °C). It is found that, on increasing the grinding time, the temperature of the dehydroxylation reaction decreases linearly as a result of a decrease of the crystallite size and structural order. To be noted that the mechanical treatment in our milling conditions did not induce significant amorphization. The temperature at which there is the maximum of dehydroxylation and the weight losses of the intralayer OH are linearly related to the increase of the FWHM of the 001 basal plane. These results are useful for predicting the thermal behaviour of layer silicates to be subjected to mechanical processing in industrial application.     

重力高阶导数的正演研究

重力勘探作为一种位场勘探方法,由于体积效应或异常叠加效应,资料的解释往往精度差,也难以深度定位。因此,资料处理解释中的一个主要工作就是进行异常分离,以便突出异常的有用信息,区分不同异常源。高阶导数作为其中一种方法,能分离叠加异常,突出浅而小的地质体。     

黄色和红色石英质玉石的颜色成因研究

石英质玉石是由隐晶质-微显晶质石英矿物集合体组成的一种玉石,黄色和红色是石英质玉石最主要的颜色种类,近年来在珠宝市场上备受关注。前人研究结果表明,黄色石英质玉石的致色矿物颗粒非常细小,赋存于石英颗粒之间,通过一般的测试方法很难准确鉴定其种属。本文对云南龙陵、安徽霍山、广西贺州3个产地的石英质玉石进行了显微镜观察、拉曼光谱和紫外可见光吸收光谱测试,通过紫外可见光吸收光谱的一阶导数图谱,对石英质玉石的黄色和红色部位进行了研究。结果表明,黄色石英质玉石紫外可见光吸收光谱一阶导数图谱的特征峰有545~535 nm和435 nm,主要由针铁矿致色;红色石英质玉石紫外可见光吸收光谱一阶导数图谱的特征峰介于555~595nm之间,主要由赤铁矿致色;黄色和红色之间的过渡色可同时出现595~555 nm、545~535 nm和435 nm特征峰,主要由针铁矿和赤铁矿共同致色。     

紫金山铜金矿同位素年代学及其地质意义

紫金山铜金矿同位素年代学及其地质意义周肃，陈好寿（宜昌地质矿产研究所，湖北宜昌４４３００３）（浙江大学地球科学系，杭州３１００２７）关键词铜金矿，同位素年代学，成岩成矿时序紫金山铜金矿床是我国近年来发现的首例石英－明矾石型浅成低温热液矿床［１］。本文...     

上扬子台地西缘峨眉地区三叠纪高频层序与海平面振荡研究

通过精细露头层序地层学的研究，将三叠纪标定了二级层序２个，三级层序９个。提出并厘定了层序旋回的等级系列：一级（２００—４００Ｍａ），二级（１０—１００Ｍａ），三级（１—１０Ｍａ），四级（０．１—０．２Ｍａ），五级（０．２—０．０５Ｍａ）和六级（±０．０２Ｍａ）层序旋回。将三叠纪盆地划分为被动边缘（Ｔ１＋２）和前陆盆地（Ｔ３）阶段。进一步标定了古构造沉降对有效容纳空间及层序形成的贡献。提出并规范了高频层序的内涵本质及其划分方案。建立并标定了不同物质背景之下的高频层序四种鉴定类型：三角洲河口坝或滨岸旋回序列型；波痕指数垂向有序变化型；厚层灰岩或白云岩与薄层灰岩或白云岩有序叠置偶合型和砂屑灰岩与砂、泥岩层偶型。高频层序行为堆叠样式及其所携带的信息可深刻地揭示三级层序的内部构架，提高地层对比精度。为建立高分辨率层序地层学和定量编制全球海平面变化曲线奠定了基础。     

一阶Buterworth递归式带通滤波器技术改进方案

把一阶Ｂｕｔｔｅｒｗｏｒｔｈ递归式（ＦＢＲ）带通滤波器应用于滑动样本,输出序列出现了振幅和位相的相对误差。为了克服这种现象给制作中长期预报带来的困难,作者通过数值试验,分析了该滤波器的误差传递特性,并设计了“拟定初值的三步滤波方案”。大量试验表明,该方案可较为有效地抑制输出序列的误差和位相飘移