基于主体功能区的京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区

从主体功能区划视角研究碳收支和碳补偿分区,对于制定适应各主体功能区低碳发展策略,推动区域生态环境协同治理,实现高质量发展具有重要意义,也是地理学思想对于实现“双碳”目标的重要贡献。本文首先构建主体功能区视角下碳收支与碳补偿的理论框架,然后以京津冀城市群157个县级单元为研究区,引入集中化指数、标准显性比较优势指数、SOM-K-means聚类等方法研究功能区视角下京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区,并提出以低碳发展为导向的碳减排空间优化方案。结果表明：① 2000—2017年京津冀城市群碳收支量呈现波动上升态势,其集中化指数均高于0.4的“警戒线”,碳收支地区差异整体偏大。② 碳收支时空分异显著,碳排放高值区呈现以京津唐为中心,向外逐步降低的“核心—外围”空间格局;而碳吸收空间格局趋于稳定,总体呈现东、北、西部高,而中、南部低的倒“U”型格局。③ 京津冀城市群碳收支与主体功能区战略定位较为吻合,优化开发区和重点开发区是碳排放的主要承压区,而重点生态功能区是碳吸收的优势主导区,各功能区碳吸收集中化指数差别较碳排放集中化指数小。④ 京津冀城市群共有53个支付区、64个平衡区和40个获补区,结合主体功能区规划战略目标,最终形成9类碳补偿空间优化区,并提出每一类型区低碳发展方向及策略。⑤ 未来要加强更微观尺度的碳收支及碳补偿研究,丰富和完善碳补偿理论框架,将碳补偿融入到碳交易市场,探索实现“双碳”目标的多元化路径。     

以地理国情监测为契机改造地理科学专业——以滁州学院为例

在当前社会经济发展形势下,传统地理科学专业人才培养模式存在着诸多不足,实践能力弱、就业范围窄、学无所用等。结合当前学科发展趋势,对传统地理科学专业进行改造,以滁州学院为例,在充分分析总结地科专业发展现状的基础上,阐述了该专业应紧紧抓住地理国情监测这一契机确定专业改革方向,并对改革的可行性与发展目标进行了详细论述和讨论,认为以地理国情监测为契机改造地理科学专业是可行的。可为地方院校地理科学专业向地理国情监测方向转型提供参考。     

1980—2020年中国九大流域蒸散发及其组分时空评估

蒸散发是地表陆气水分交换的纽带,准确量化蒸散发的时空演变格局对于水资源规划与管理至关重要。本文基于GLEAM模型的蒸散发及其组分数据集,借助7个通量观测站数据、120个流域的流域水量平衡及PML_V2蒸散发产品,在中国九大流域系统评估了GLEAM-ET产品,分析了植被恢复背景下,蒸散发（ET）及其组分（植被蒸腾Ec,截留蒸发Ei,土壤蒸发Es）在1980—2020年的时空演变格局。本文主要得到以下结论：① GLEAM-ET产品在中国九大流域具有较好的适用性,其性能与气候类型有关,干旱区效果优于湿润区。此外,GLEAM与PML_V2模型在九大流域相关性较好（R>0.7）,分布格局与变化趋势整体保持一致。② 全国尺度上,ET均值为416.88 mm,增长速率为1.21 mm/a。Ec与ET均呈自东南向西北递减的分布格局,而Es与其相反。Ec、ET在九大流域均呈显著增加趋势（p<0.001）。Ei、Es在季风区流域分别呈显著增加和显著减小趋势;在内陆区流域呈不显著减小（p>0.05）和显著增加趋势。③在植被恢复背景下,ET组分比例发生了变化。Ec占比变化存在南北差异,南方流域Ec占比均减小,北方流域均增加。Ei占比在各流域均增加,Es占比均减小。黄河流域ET组分对植被恢复的响应最为明显,Ec占比增加了5.21%,Es占比减小了5.56%。     

大行星运动对太阳黑子活动的可能影响

本文计算了由太阳系大行星轨道运动引起的日心相对于太阳系质心的轨道运动角动量变化率j_⊙,在理论上对j_⊙作展开,表明它存在多项短周期变化,与太阳黑子资料的分析结果相比较,两者结果是符合的,它们具有一致的谱结构。因此,行星的轨道运动对太阳黑子活动存在动力作用的可能性又进一步得到了验证。     

Geochemical and isotopic evidence of a groundwater source in the Corral Canyon meadow complex,central Nevada,USA

Major inorganic ions and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in stream water, groundwater, groundwater seeps and springs were measured in the Corral Canyon meadow complex and watershed in the Toquima Mountains of central Nevada, USA. The purpose of the study was to determine whether stream water or groundwater was the source of water that supports vegetation in the meadow complex. Water samples from the watershed and meadow complex were mixed cation–HCO₃ type. Stream water sampled at different locations in the meadow complex showed variations in temperature, pH and specific conductance. The cation–anion proportions for stream water were similar to groundwater, groundwater seeps and runoff from the meadow complex. Stable oxygen isotope ratios for stream water (?17·1 to ?17·6‰ versus VSMOW) and groundwater and groundwater seeps in the meadow site (?17·0 to ?17·7‰ versus VSMOW) were similar, and consistent with a local meteoric origin. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the δ ¹³C_DIC for stream water (?12·1 to ?15·0‰ versus VPDB) were different from that of groundwater from the meadow complex (?15·3 to ?19·9‰ versus VPDB), suggesting different carbon evolution pathways. However, a simple model based on cation–δ ¹³C_DIC suggests that stream water was being recharged by shallow groundwater, groundwater seeps and runoff from the meadow complex. This leads to the conclusion that the source of water that supports vegetation in the meadow complex was primarily groundwater. The results of this study suggest that multiple chemical and stable carbon isotope tracers are useful in determining the source of water that supports vegetation in meadow complexes in small alpine watersheds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectrum characteristics of major ion concentrations at Wuhan sectoin of the Changjiang Rriver

Spectrum analyses of water quality time series have been carried out for five hydrometric stations including Wuhan hydrometric station of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, etc. The fluctuations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ concentrations in river water under different physical geography conditions have about two-year cycle which is corresponding to hydrometeorological quasi-biannual-oscillation (QBO). Na⁺, Cl⁻ SO ₄ ²⁻ have about two-year cycle in the area lightly affected by human activities while two-year cycle doesn’t exist in the area heavily affected by human activities. All the fluctuations of major ions have about three-month cycle. The river diseharge fluctuation accounts for 43.9%, 45.1%, 54.3%, 33.9%, 30.3% and 42.7% of the variance of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO ₃ ⁻ , Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO ₄ ²⁻ , respectively, at Wuhan from 1962 to 1985. According to the spectrum characteristic of major ions, the duration of the time series has to be at least 13 years for trend analysis of monthly water quality data. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49671017). Biography: XIA Xing-hui(1971-), female, a native of Hunan Province, Ph. D. Her research interest includes environmental chemistry.     

用区域重力资料确定的华北地台南缘地缝合线及其地质意义

利用１∶２０万区域重力资料，结合航磁，电磁测深、遥感、天然地震等丰富的地质、地球物理资料，根据断裂的地质、地球物理标志，在华北地台南缘发现并确定了控制火山喷发的裂隙—中心式古火山通道，即隐伏的北西西向的上戈—铁炉坪—付店超壳断裂带。该断裂属华北地台南缘不同时代、不同性质的近东西向的地缝合线。研究认为：该断裂及其次级断裂不仅是重要的长期多次活动的控岩、导矿和容矿构造，而且也为矿床的多次改造、叠加和再富集提供了热源。它的发现，对重新认识豫西地区大地构造的演化特征，建立新的成矿模式，拓宽该区的找矿前景具有重要意义。     

Temporal variability of selected dissolved elements in the lower Orinoco River,Venezuela

Monthly analyses of pH, conductance, alkalinity, total suspended solids, dissolved major cations (Na, K, Ca and Mg), and selected dissolved trace elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cr) were conducted on waters of the lower Orinoco River from February 2004 to May 2006. The data show strong seasonal variability. Major cations had maximum concentrations at low water, and were correlated with pH, conductance and alkalinity because of the tributaries coming from the Andean zones, where the weathering of evaporites and carbonate shales controls water chemistry. K concentrations did not show any relation with evaporite weathering, probably because large amounts of K come from the Guayana Shield rivers as a consequence of feldspar weathering. The concentrations of dissolved Fe, Mn and Cu were highest during the high water stage. Concentrations of the elements K, Cr, Zn and Cu are correlated with each other but not with dissolved Fe and Al, which probably are complexed with humic and fulvic substances. Mn concentrations did not show relationships with other variables. Inter‐annual variability of dissolved elements is explained by temporal changes in precipitation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赣西石竹山硅灰石矿床石榴子石特征及其地质意义

江西省石竹山硅灰石矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段的萍乐坳陷带内,是世界资源储量规模最大的硅灰石矿床。为了厘清区内成矿流体性质及进一步找矿潜力,本文根据矿物间的穿插关系和光学特征,将该矿床的石榴子石分为早(GrtⅠ)、晚(GrtⅡ)两个世代,在详细的野外工作基础上,利用电子探针(EMPA)和LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术,对石竹山矿床中的石榴子石开展了系统研究。结果表明,石竹山硅灰石矿床石榴子石属于钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石固溶体系列,早期形成的石榴子石(GrtⅠ)Fe含量更高,且震荡环带发育,而晚期形成的石榴子石(GrtⅡ)则发育复杂环带。石榴子石GrtⅠ和GrtⅡ都亏损大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr等,而Nb、Ta、Zr等高场强元素相对含量较高,U含量与∑REE成正比。GrtⅡ的∑REE较低(12.92×10^-6~21.12×10^-6),具有较平坦的稀土元素配分模式,轻微富集轻稀土元素(Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm),微弱负铕异常;GrtⅠ的∑REE相对较高(13.78×10^-6~73.52×10^-6),更富集轻稀土元素(Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm),呈右倾的稀土元素配分模式,负铕异常明显。推测石榴子石GrtⅠ形成于相对开放、水岩比值较高、高氧逸度的酸性体系中,GrtⅡ则形成于相对封闭、水岩比值较低、高氧逸度的中酸性体系中。此外,将石榴子石的端员组分和微量元素特征与国内外不同矿种的接触交代型金属矿床进行对比,结果显示该矿床存在成Cu、Fe、Mo矿体的潜力。     

陆地热泉钙华：重建古气候历史信息重要载体

【研究目的】陆地热泉钙华作为火山、地热区常见的陆相碳酸盐岩沉积物/岩被广泛用于恢复古环境,但其中可反映古气候信息的代用指标多受复杂外界条件变化控制,因此利用热泉钙华进行古气候信息提取有待深入研究。【研究方法】本文对当前热泉钙华在重建古气候信息方面的成功案例进行了总结,并梳理了与热泉钙华沉积相关的各类气候、非气候影响因素。【研究结果】研究认为针对热泉钙华进行古气候恢复代用指标的选取,目前较为可行的有C-O同位素、主微量元素,孢粉学数据由于孢粉保存的局限性,可作为佐证信息,配合其他气候代用指标来检验古气候意义的正确与否,同时需将热泉钙华中各项气候代用指标与生物地层学、冰芯、石笋等相对成熟的古气候研究手段进行对比,使各类古气候替代指标相互验证,从而更好的解读热泉钙华中古气候信息。【结论】利用热泉钙华中的各项气候代用指标进行可靠的古气候信息提取与恢复具有可行性。创新点：本文梳理了国内外热泉钙华恢复古气候的成功案例,并探讨了针对热泉钙华进行古气候恢复研究存在的问题。