南海西北部表层沉积物常量元素地球化学特征

分析了南海西北部198个表层沉积物的常量元素地球化学特征,研究了沉积物常量元素的含量分布特征、富集程度和粒度效应。结果显示,沉积物的常量元素以SiO2、Al2O3、CaO含量较高,平均值分别为45.9%、8.53%、16.7%,其中SiO2、Al2O3代表了陆源碎屑组分,CaO代表了生物碎屑组分。陆架区具有较高的SiO2含量,陆坡区具有较高的Al2O3、CaO含量,但是,Al2O3的高含量在深水下陆坡区,而CaO的高含量在上陆坡岛礁区。总体上,常量元素Fe2O3、K2O、MgO、Na2O、TiO2与Al2O3具有相似的含量分布特征,指示细粒组分的吸附作用;而SiO2、CaO与Al2O3呈相反的分布特征以及负相关关系,反映了沉积物的常量元素受到石英矿物和碳酸盐矿物的稀释作用。大部分元素的富集因子介于1~2之间,富集特征不明显,表明碎屑物质主要为地壳来源,仅CaO、MnO出现较高的富集因子,指示陆坡区生物富集作用和深水陆坡区化学沉积作用的贡献。     

西天山克孜勒扎依劳岩基地球化学特征

克孜勒扎依劳岩基位于新疆阿拉山口西侧,为石炭纪混源序列花岗岩,包括8个侵入序次.主元素地球化学特征是,由较早序次至较晚序次,SiO₂和（K₂O+Na₂O）含量有逐渐增加的趋势;而Mg、Fe、Ca和TiO含量有逐渐减少的趋势.微量元素中,亲铁元素、亲铜元素和亲石元素在岩浆演化过程中各有不同的演化规律.总体来看,大半径亲石元素相对富集,而高场强元素相对亏损.稀土元素特征是其总量自早至晚有逐渐增加的趋势,轻稀土相对富集,而重稀土相对亏损.轻稀土具有较强的分馏作用,而重稀土分馏作用较弱.岩石地球化学资料综合分析显示,由较早序次至较晚序次,侵位深度越来越浅;岩浆的物质来源主要为玄武岩浆分异,主体具有I型花岗岩特征;较早序次形成于阿拉套晚古生代陆缘盆地拉张-聚合阶段,较晚序次形成于阿拉套晚古生代陆缘盆地之闭合-碰撞阶段.     

Distribution of major and trace elements in surface sediments of Hangzhou Bay in China

The Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer was used to analyze sediment samples collected from the Hangzhou Bay to determine major and trace elemental concentrations. Based on these concentrations, the study area can be classified into three geochemical provinces. Province I covers the northern Hangzhou Bay area and contains high concentrations of Al₂ O₃ , Fe₂ O₃ , MgO, Na₂ O, K₂ O, MnO, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Co and Zn. Province III is located in the western Hangzhou Bay, near the Qiantang River mouth, and contains high concentrations of SiO₂ , Na₂ O, P₂ O₅ , TiO₂ , Cr, Sr, Zr. Province II is located in the middle and eastern Hangzhou Bay, with the medium concentrations of major and trace elements. The results also demonstrate that the grain size is the dominating factor controlling the spatial variations of elemental concentrations, and the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） and Qiantang River sediments play an important role in the distribution of these elements. Anthropogenic impact on heavy metal concentrations （especially Cr, Sr and Zr） can be detected in the surface sediments near the Qiantang River mouth.     

几种鱼礁模型对真鲷诱集效果的研究

观察了真鲷(Pagrosomus major)对4种不同结构模型礁的行为反应,并对不同结构模型礁的诱集效果进行了比较,进而选择诱集效果最好的1种模型礁,研究该模型礁在不同光强下诱集效果的差异.实验结果表明:未投放礁时,真鲷在水槽中的分布无选择性,呈随机分布;而投礁后各种模型礁均能对真鲷产生诱集效果,真鲷在鱼礁标志区的分布率从6%提高到17.89%~21.50%,其中以表面积大且无孔的 D型模型礁的诱集效果最好;双模型礁投放后对真鲷的聚集率均在20%以上,其中表面积大且有孔的2个模型礁聚集率最大;随光强增强,真鲷的聚集率不断下降,研究发现这可能与真鲷的领域行为有很大关系.     

闽江下游河口区及其邻近海域表层沉积物的地球化学特征

闽江是我国东南沿海地区最大的河流,年径流量位居全国第3位。对采自闽江下游及闽江口邻近海域的沉积物分析表明,沉积物以SiO2含量高、Al2O3等组分的含量较低为特点。样品中碎屑矿物主要是石英、斜长石、正长石、白云母和绿泥石。从SiO2看,闽江沉积物与石英砂岩的成分较接近,不同于浅海沉积物,与黄河、长江、珠江三大河流也有较大差异。地形地貌及水动力条件控制沉积物粒度的分布,粒度又控制沉积物的组分分布。总体表现为,由陆向海,呈SiO2逐渐降低、Al2O3等组分升高的趋势。人类活动对闽侯段及闽江北港到马江段河流沉积物的影响也不容忽视。闽江流域的源区特征、水动力条件和搬运距离以及物理化学条件与生物作用对沉积物的改造,使得沉积物组分间具有良好的相关性。     

Revisiting and rethinking regional urbanization in Changjiang River Delta, China

China is entering a critical and accelerating phase of urbanization.As one of the most urbanized regions in China,the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta has experienced dramatic urbanization and urban transformation.However,in the recent years,many changes have taken place in this region and there is limited attention to the regional urbanization path evolution,its problems and the way to solve these problems.Therefore,we should revisit the urbanization process in the Changjiang River Delta again.In this paper,we revisited urbanization paths of the Changjiang River Delta by data analysis,influence factors of urbanization by the Gray Relational Analysis,and major challenges to urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta by theoretical considerations.We found that the urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta had experienced several stages of large-scale spatial and urban system restructuring.Within the Changjiang River Delta,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangshu had experienced different urbanization path with local characteristics.But with their development model gradually converging,their urbanization model is also converging.We also found that the major influence factors affecting the Changjiang River Delta urbanization were dynamic change and urbanization was driven by different key factors in different socio-economic development stages.Meanwhile,the Changjiang River Delta urbanization is facing many problems such as existing institutional arrangements,including the hukou(household registration)system and others which can not meet the needs of current socioeconomic development and urbanization.Therefore,it is imperative to promote institutional innovation and adopt a new urbanization development strategy for the sake of the orderly and sustainable urbanization development in the Changjiang River Delta.     

能源安全研究的理论与方法及其主要进展

在能源价格和温室气体减排双重驱动下,能源安全研究再次成为学术界关注的热点.加强能源安全理论、方法研究,对于把握能源安全关键要素,识别一国(区域)能源安全状态及演进趋势具有重要的现实意义,同时为能源安全预警与响应机制的构筑奠定了坚实基础.本文对国内外能源安全理论、方法及其主要进展进行了综述,研究结果表明：①国内能源安全定量研究较为薄弱,主要表现为研究成果匮乏、缺乏共识;②国际上,能源安全研究方法大多基于能源安全多样性指数——Shannon-Wiener 指数(SWI)与Herfindahl-Hirschman 指数(HHI).其中,又以英国能源供应安全联合研究小组(JESS)、荷兰能源研究中心(ECN)、国际能源署(IEA)以及亚太能源研究中心(APERC)所开发的能源安全模型较具有代表性;③能源安全定量研究在时间尺度、空间尺度、评价内容及不确定性上均有待改进.     

GIS专业的Java程序设计教学改革初探

Java语言的独特优势促使其在GIS专业教学中起到越来越重要的作用。本文分析了GIS专业教学中Java程序设计课程教学存在的问题,结合武汉理工大学GIS专业的Java程序设计课程的改革实践,提出了总体的改革思路,并从教学、实践、考核等几个方面提出了具体的改革要求和内容。该门课程的教学改革能推动GIS专业的Java程序设计语言的学习,提高学生的实践动手能力和解决GIS专业问题的能力。同时,该教学改革模式对兄弟院校的GIS专业程序设计语言方面的教学实践能起到相应的借鉴作用。     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Triassic granitoid plutons in West Qinling,China: insights from LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages,Lu–Hf isotope signatures and geochemical characteristics of the Zhongchuan pluton

West Qinling is one of the most important parts of the Qinling orogenic belt and includes acidic–intermediate plutons and many types of ore deposits. In this article, we collected geochemical and geochronological data for the Triassic granitoid plutons of West Qinling and found that nearly all plutons share the similar features with the Zhongchuan pluton. We present new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb ages, major and trace element geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotope systematics for the granites of the Zhongchuan pluton to elucidate the evolution of granitoid plutons in West Qinling during the Triassic. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Xujiaba and Guandigou units formed at 220.1 ± 1.2 and 215.9 ± 0.85 Ma, respectively, reflecting the time of the Late Triassic. The rocks of the Zhongchuan pluton are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and have a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series with high SiO₂ (63.59–76.22%) and low P₂O₅ (0–0.2%) concentrations, a high K₂O/Na₂O ratio (1.18–17.92), a high differentiation index (78.45–93.04) and a medium A/CNK ratio (0.98–1.69). The zircon Hf isotope dating indicates that the Xujiaba and Guandigou units have an inhomogeneous ε_Hf(t) (?4.425 to 1.067 for Xujiaba and ?4.920 to 2.042 for Guandigou) and two-stage Hf model ages (1123–1531 Ma for Xujiaba and 1115–2342 Ma for Guandigou). The geochemical and isotopic data imply that the granites of each unit share the same origin. They probably derived from the partial melt of metagreywackes and then mixed with the mantle-derived magma. Based on the regional geological history, petrographic characteristics and new geochemical and isotopic data of the Zhongchuan pluton, we suggest that the Triassic magma was derived from the partial melts of metagreywackes and was influenced by the mantle-derived melt during the collision of the Yangtze and Qinling plates.     

柴窝铺盆地及其北缘地区中新生代沉积岩源区构造背景和物源属性研究

沉积岩中的碎屑组分及主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素可以反映物源信息,广泛应用于沉积源区的确定、构造背景的分析。通过对柴窝铺盆地及北缘地区侏罗纪至古近纪沉积地层的碎屑岩岩石学和地球化学分析,揭示了盆地沉积岩的原岩来自上地壳,岩性以长英质岩石为主,并混合进了部分安山质及基性岩石。源区构造背景为活动大陆边缘,因其原岩是在大陆岛弧环境下形成的,所以部分构造背景显示为大陆岛弧。本次研究不仅可以为柴窝铺盆地及北天山的构造演化过程及其机制提供有力证据,并且对柴窝铺油气勘探具有一定指导意义。