甘肃白银厂矿区及其外围铜矿床成矿特征与定量预测

北祁连地区是我国重要的海相火山成因铜多金属块状硫化物矿床成矿带,位于该区东段的白银矿田内产出有多个大型-特大型VMS矿床,具有较好的找矿前景.在该地区铜矿床成矿特征研究的基础上,利用GIS技术提取与成矿有关的地层、构造、岩浆岩、地球化学等多元找矿信息,构建了白银矿区及外围铜矿床的证据权重找矿模型,利用后验概率圈定出找矿远景区,按照各找矿远景区相对成矿可能性的大小和各找矿标志将远景区分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3级,各级找矿远景区各3个.     

Calcium,Na, K and Mg Concentrations in Seawater by Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Applications to IAPSO Seawater Reference Material,Hydrothermal Fluids and Synthetic Seawater Solutions

We report a measurement procedure to determine simultaneously the major cation concentrations (Na, Ca, K and Mg) of seawater‐derived solutions by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The best results were obtained when the IAPSO (‘standard’) seawater reference material was diluted by thirty times with Milli‐Q^® water. We obtained an average reference value r_K (the ratio of the mass fraction of potassium to that of chlorine, i.e., (g kg^?1)/(g kg^?1)) for IAPSO seawater of 0.0205 ± 0.0006 (2.9% RSD), not significantly different from 0.0206 ± 0.0005 (2.4% RSD) for seawater composition reported in the literature. The measured Na, Ca and Mg concentrations correspond to r_Na, r_Ca and r_Mg values of 0.5406 ± 0.0026 (0.5% RSD), 0.02192 ± 0.00048 (2.2% RSD) and 0.06830 ± 0.00047 (0.7% RSD), respectively, in line with previous values measured by wet‐chemistry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry or wet‐chemical titration. Our measurement procedure was used successfully on synthetic seawater solutions and high‐temperature hydrothermal fluids.     

淮南煤田潘三煤矿4-2煤中矿物对岩浆侵入的响应

以淮南煤田潘三煤矿4-2煤层中的岩浆岩、天然焦和煤样品为研究对象,利用X射线衍射仪和X射线荧光光谱仪测试其矿物组成和主量元素含量,研究地下岩浆侵入对煤中矿物成分的影响。结果表明:煤变质成天然焦后,其总的矿物含量增多,并伴随着后生矿物如微斜长石和镁绿泥石的出现。天然焦中后生矿物的组成元素可能来源于岩浆或热液中的主量元素如Si、Al、Na、K、Fe和Mg。     

基于地质异常的甘肃省铅锌矿成矿定量预测

查明地质异常是成矿预测的基础、找矿的前提、靶区圈定的依据。本文以"三联式"成矿预测理论为指导,着重探讨了甘肃省铅锌矿地质、地球物理以及地球化学异常的识别、提取与圈定,运用定量分析方法,厘定地质异常与铅锌矿种之间的关联,在此基础上,运用证据权成矿预测方法实现对甘肃省铅锌矿床的成矿定量预测及成矿远景区圈定。     

基于主体功能区的京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区

从主体功能区划视角研究碳收支和碳补偿分区,对于制定适应各主体功能区低碳发展策略,推动区域生态环境协同治理,实现高质量发展具有重要意义,也是地理学思想对于实现“双碳”目标的重要贡献。本文首先构建主体功能区视角下碳收支与碳补偿的理论框架,然后以京津冀城市群157个县级单元为研究区,引入集中化指数、标准显性比较优势指数、SOM-K-means聚类等方法研究功能区视角下京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区,并提出以低碳发展为导向的碳减排空间优化方案。结果表明：① 2000—2017年京津冀城市群碳收支量呈现波动上升态势,其集中化指数均高于0.4的“警戒线”,碳收支地区差异整体偏大。② 碳收支时空分异显著,碳排放高值区呈现以京津唐为中心,向外逐步降低的“核心—外围”空间格局;而碳吸收空间格局趋于稳定,总体呈现东、北、西部高,而中、南部低的倒“U”型格局。③ 京津冀城市群碳收支与主体功能区战略定位较为吻合,优化开发区和重点开发区是碳排放的主要承压区,而重点生态功能区是碳吸收的优势主导区,各功能区碳吸收集中化指数差别较碳排放集中化指数小。④ 京津冀城市群共有53个支付区、64个平衡区和40个获补区,结合主体功能区规划战略目标,最终形成9类碳补偿空间优化区,并提出每一类型区低碳发展方向及策略。⑤ 未来要加强更微观尺度的碳收支及碳补偿研究,丰富和完善碳补偿理论框架,将碳补偿融入到碳交易市场,探索实现“双碳”目标的多元化路径。     

以地理国情监测为契机改造地理科学专业——以滁州学院为例

在当前社会经济发展形势下,传统地理科学专业人才培养模式存在着诸多不足,实践能力弱、就业范围窄、学无所用等。结合当前学科发展趋势,对传统地理科学专业进行改造,以滁州学院为例,在充分分析总结地科专业发展现状的基础上,阐述了该专业应紧紧抓住地理国情监测这一契机确定专业改革方向,并对改革的可行性与发展目标进行了详细论述和讨论,认为以地理国情监测为契机改造地理科学专业是可行的。可为地方院校地理科学专业向地理国情监测方向转型提供参考。     

1980—2020年中国九大流域蒸散发及其组分时空评估

蒸散发是地表陆气水分交换的纽带,准确量化蒸散发的时空演变格局对于水资源规划与管理至关重要。本文基于GLEAM模型的蒸散发及其组分数据集,借助7个通量观测站数据、120个流域的流域水量平衡及PML_V2蒸散发产品,在中国九大流域系统评估了GLEAM-ET产品,分析了植被恢复背景下,蒸散发（ET）及其组分（植被蒸腾Ec,截留蒸发Ei,土壤蒸发Es）在1980—2020年的时空演变格局。本文主要得到以下结论：① GLEAM-ET产品在中国九大流域具有较好的适用性,其性能与气候类型有关,干旱区效果优于湿润区。此外,GLEAM与PML_V2模型在九大流域相关性较好（R>0.7）,分布格局与变化趋势整体保持一致。② 全国尺度上,ET均值为416.88 mm,增长速率为1.21 mm/a。Ec与ET均呈自东南向西北递减的分布格局,而Es与其相反。Ec、ET在九大流域均呈显著增加趋势（p<0.001）。Ei、Es在季风区流域分别呈显著增加和显著减小趋势;在内陆区流域呈不显著减小（p>0.05）和显著增加趋势。③在植被恢复背景下,ET组分比例发生了变化。Ec占比变化存在南北差异,南方流域Ec占比均减小,北方流域均增加。Ei占比在各流域均增加,Es占比均减小。黄河流域ET组分对植被恢复的响应最为明显,Ec占比增加了5.21%,Es占比减小了5.56%。     

大行星运动对太阳黑子活动的可能影响

本文计算了由太阳系大行星轨道运动引起的日心相对于太阳系质心的轨道运动角动量变化率j_⊙,在理论上对j_⊙作展开,表明它存在多项短周期变化,与太阳黑子资料的分析结果相比较,两者结果是符合的,它们具有一致的谱结构。因此,行星的轨道运动对太阳黑子活动存在动力作用的可能性又进一步得到了验证。     

Geochemical and isotopic evidence of a groundwater source in the Corral Canyon meadow complex,central Nevada,USA

Major inorganic ions and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in stream water, groundwater, groundwater seeps and springs were measured in the Corral Canyon meadow complex and watershed in the Toquima Mountains of central Nevada, USA. The purpose of the study was to determine whether stream water or groundwater was the source of water that supports vegetation in the meadow complex. Water samples from the watershed and meadow complex were mixed cation–HCO₃ type. Stream water sampled at different locations in the meadow complex showed variations in temperature, pH and specific conductance. The cation–anion proportions for stream water were similar to groundwater, groundwater seeps and runoff from the meadow complex. Stable oxygen isotope ratios for stream water (?17·1 to ?17·6‰ versus VSMOW) and groundwater and groundwater seeps in the meadow site (?17·0 to ?17·7‰ versus VSMOW) were similar, and consistent with a local meteoric origin. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the δ ¹³C_DIC for stream water (?12·1 to ?15·0‰ versus VPDB) were different from that of groundwater from the meadow complex (?15·3 to ?19·9‰ versus VPDB), suggesting different carbon evolution pathways. However, a simple model based on cation–δ ¹³C_DIC suggests that stream water was being recharged by shallow groundwater, groundwater seeps and runoff from the meadow complex. This leads to the conclusion that the source of water that supports vegetation in the meadow complex was primarily groundwater. The results of this study suggest that multiple chemical and stable carbon isotope tracers are useful in determining the source of water that supports vegetation in meadow complexes in small alpine watersheds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectrum characteristics of major ion concentrations at Wuhan sectoin of the Changjiang Rriver

Spectrum analyses of water quality time series have been carried out for five hydrometric stations including Wuhan hydrometric station of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, etc. The fluctuations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ concentrations in river water under different physical geography conditions have about two-year cycle which is corresponding to hydrometeorological quasi-biannual-oscillation (QBO). Na⁺, Cl⁻ SO ₄ ²⁻ have about two-year cycle in the area lightly affected by human activities while two-year cycle doesn’t exist in the area heavily affected by human activities. All the fluctuations of major ions have about three-month cycle. The river diseharge fluctuation accounts for 43.9%, 45.1%, 54.3%, 33.9%, 30.3% and 42.7% of the variance of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO ₃ ⁻ , Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO ₄ ²⁻ , respectively, at Wuhan from 1962 to 1985. According to the spectrum characteristic of major ions, the duration of the time series has to be at least 13 years for trend analysis of monthly water quality data. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49671017). Biography: XIA Xing-hui(1971-), female, a native of Hunan Province, Ph. D. Her research interest includes environmental chemistry.