地下水中氟形成的控制因素及其分布规律

本文研究了地下水中氟元素形成的主要控制因素及其分布规律。结果表明，地下水氟的形成与断裂构造，地下水温度、气候条件、含水介质及其上覆土层中的氟含量，地下水的酸碱度与径流条件有密切的关系。深成断裂脉状地下水和萤石矿区的地下水氟含量高，不有作为生活饮用水源； 而浅层的地下水氟含量较低，大多数仍作为生活饮用水源。     

Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain

 Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation, geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability barrier. Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996     

催化臭氧化降解有机废水及影响因素

主要论述了自制的V-O型催化荆催化臭氧化降解有机废水的研究。试验表明，以TiO2，SiO2，ZrO2作栽体，在氮气或氧气中焙烧，而制得的6种催化荆中，V-O／SiO2／N2显示了较好的催化性能和活性；通过催化荆吸附试验和在反应体系中加入一定量的自由基猝灭荆，初步探讨了其催化机理，即催化荆和臭氧反应，生成了氧化性极强的羟基自由基；催化臭氧化时间、催化荆用量、进气臭氧浓度、体系pH值等因素均对降解产生一定的影响。     

川西北倒三角形断块东部区域强震带形成机制与地震活动特征

川西北倒三角形断块东部区域地处青藏高原东部边缘地带,地跨川西北高原及其与四川盆地过渡带的高山峡谷区,属我国著名的南北向地震带的中段,因其特定的大地构造环境和强烈的现代地壳构造运动,导致其在强大的近东西向构造应力场的驱动和平卧“A”字型控震构造体系的控制下,沿两侧边界断裂向东强力楔入,于“构造急剧收口带”之西侧形成了一个近SN向地跨三大构造单元的强震带,强震沿该带有规律的往返迁移和重复发生,且地震活动强弱具有较明显的分形特征。     

石油污染对冻土热传导的影响

Complex experimental research of thermal properties of oil-contaminated frozen soils was carried out. On the basis of the obtained results the influence of the various factors connected with oil pollution on heat transfer in frozen soils was analyzed. And the model of heat transfer in frozen soils was offered.     

Seismic performance evaluation of steel arch bridges against major earthquakes. Part 1: dynamic analysis approach

In this study the inelastic behavior of steel arch bridges subjected to strong ground motions from major earthquakes is investigated by dynamic analyses of a typical steel arch bridge using a three‐dimensional (3D) analytical model, since checking seismic performance against severe earthquakes is not usually performed when designing such kinds of bridge. The bridge considered is an upper‐deck steel arch bridge having a reinforced concrete (RC) deck, steel I‐section girders and steel arch ribs. The input ground motions are accelerograms which are modified ground motions based on the records from the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu earthquake. Both the longitudinal and transverse dynamic characteristics of the bridge are studied by investigation of time‐history responses of the main parameters. It is found that seismic responses are small when subjected to the longitudinal excitation, but significantly large under the transverse ground motion due to plasticization formed in some segments such as arch rib ends and side pier bases where axial force levels are very high. Finally, a seismic performance evaluation method based on the response strain index is proposed for such steel bridge structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国稻田甲烷产生和排放研究 Ⅰ.产生和排放机理及其影响因子

综合论述了近 2 0年来中国稻田甲烷排放的研究状况 ,包括中国稻田甲烷排放通量的观测 ,稻田甲烷生成的生物学机理及产生、转化、传输的机理研究 ,稻田甲烷排放的影响因子 ,主要介绍了稻田甲烷产生和氧化过程、影响甲烷排放的因子     

RGMAP系统在1：5万区调中的应用

根据RGMAP系统在崇阳县幅1：5万区调过程中的应用实践．阐述了数字区调过程中的数字路线、数字实测剖面数据采集以及室内数据整理、地质图编稿和专题图件制作的工作流程和方法，在此基础上对RGMAP综合应用进行了展望．     

黑龙江东安金矿潜火山岩的控矿作用

东安金矿是黑龙江省发现的大型浅成低温热液低硫化物型金矿床。赋存于中生代潜流纹岩和晚印支期碱长花岗岩接触外带的断裂系统中，近矿围岩硅化强烈、冰长石化发育。通过对潜火山岩的控矿作用研究，认为该区钙碱性中酸性潜火山岩是成矿的重要条件。     

落石堆积的结构特征与斜坡破坏型式之转换

在基岩山区和丘陵区，落石堆积的分布非常广泛、并可经长期积累而形成巨大规模。然而，因缺乏研究，它们(尤其是规模较大者)经常被误定成滑坡或崩塌堆积。为此，作者结合长江三峡工程和西部大开发的需要，采用天然模型勘测和岩相分析等多种方法对其进行了长期研究。结果认为：1．落石堆积(累积体)通常是在扩离-落石发育而崩塌、滑坡不发育的陡崖(坡)下形成，同时还需有较平坡面，便于落石停积而不易被重力和流水搬走的堆积场所；2．落石堆积的结构特征为：(1)前缘土体较密实且粒(块)径较小，后缘多大块石并常具架空结构；(2)不等粒系数普遍较大；(3)常有淤泥质和砂、卵石夹层或透镜体；(4)前缘可具向外陡倾的加积层理。基于此，水的潜蚀作用和地表水对前缘的集中冲刷常成为落石堆积变形破坏的主因；3．落石堆积的破坏型式为滑坡、泥石流或碎屑流；4．落石堆积的勘查应特别注意查明环境水文地质条件、储水结构及相关参数；其稳定性评价应首先分析不同工程活动影响下产生潜蚀的可能性；5．为防治斜坡失稳，首先应保护落石堆积的自稳结构和选用有防潜蚀功能的开放型措施；6．深入研究落石堆积，对沉积学和工程地质学也具有理论意义和实用价值。