ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE OF THE 2017 MS7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE REGION AND THE EASTERN TERMINUS OF THE EAST KUNLUN FAULT

The East Kunlun Fault is a giant fault in northern Tibetan, extending eastward and a boundary between the Songpan-Ganzi block and the West Qinling orogenic zone. The East Kunlun Fault branches out into a horsetail structure which is formed by several branch faults. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou M_S7.0 earthquake occurred in the horsetail structure of the East Kunlun Fault and caused huge casualties. As one of several major faults that regulate the expansion of the Tibetan plateau, the complexity of the deep extension geometry of the East Kunlun Fault has also attracted a large number of geophysical exploration studies in this area, but only a few are across the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region. Changes in pressure or slip caused by the fluid can cause changes in fault activity. The presence of fluid can cause the conductivity of the rock mass inside the fault zone to increase significantly. MT method is the most sensitive geophysical method to reflect the conductivity of the rock mass. Thus MT is often used to study the segmented structure of active fault zones. In recent years MT exploration has been carried out in several earthquake regions and the results suggest that the location of main shock and aftershocks are controlled by the resistivity structure. In order to study the deep extension characteristics of the East Kunlun Fault and the distribution of the medium properties within the fault zone, we carried out a MT exploration study across the Tazang section of the East Kunlun Fault in 2016. The profile in this study crosses the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region. Other two MT profiles that cross the Maqu section of East Kunlun Fault performed by previous researches are also collected. Phase tensor decomposition is used in this paper to analyze the dimensionality and the change in resistivity with depth. The structure of Songpan-Ganzi block is simple from deep to shallow. The structure of West Qinlin orogenic zone is complex in the east and simple in the west. The structure near the East Kunlun Fault is complex. We use 3D inversion to image the three MT profiles and obtained 3D electrical structure along three profiles. The root-mean-square misfit of inversions is 2.60 and 2.70. Our results reveal that in the tightened northwest part of the horsetail structure, the East Kunlun Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, and the Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault are electrical boundaries that dip to the southwest. The three faults combine in the mid-lower crust to form a "flower structure" that expands from south to north. In the southeastward spreading part of the horsetail structure, the north section of the Huya Fault is an electrical boundary that extends deep. The Tazang Fault has obvious smaller scale than the Huya Fault. The Minjiang Fault is an electrical boundary in the upper crust. The Huya Fault and the Tazang Fault form a one-side flower structure. The Bailongjiang and the Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault form a "flower structure" that expands from south to north too. The two "flower structures" combine in the high conductivity layer of mid-lower crust. In Songpan-Ganzi block, there is a three-layer structure where the second layer is a high conductivity layer. In the West Qinling orogenic zone, there is a similar structure with the Songpan-Ganzi block, but the high conductivity layer in the West Qinling orogenic zone is shallower than the high conductivity layer in the Songpan-Ganzi block. The hypocenter of 2017 M_S7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is between the high and low resistivity bodies at the shallow northeastern boundary of the high conductivity layer. The low resistivity body is prone to move and deform. The high resistivity body blocked the movement of low resistivity body. Such a structure and the movement mode cause the uplift near the East Kunlun Fault. The electrical structure and rheological structure of Jiuzhaigou earthquake region suggest that the focal depth of the earthquake is less than 11km. The Huya Fault extends deeper than the Tazang Fault. The seismogenic fault of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is the Huya Fault. The high conductivity layer is deep in the southwest and shallow in the northeast, which indicates that the northeast movement of Tibetan plateau is the cause of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake.     

大地电磁测深应用于地热勘探

根据某小区的实际地质情况,使用V5-2000大地电磁测深仪,应用大地电磁法（MT）,对该小区进行了勘探。勘测中使用的频率范围为0.0005493～320Hz,分为两个频段;布极方式为“十、T、L”型,电极距一般为50～150m,利用井旁测深点反演电性分层结果与测区内测线的反演电性分层结果进行对比验证。通过对勘测结果进行解释,掌握了该小区内基底埋深及断裂构造发育情况,分析该区可能有含水的砂岩体存在,并推断地热水赋存深度为2600m。     

Application of medium-scale magnetotelluric sounding to identify deep criteria for promising areas for kimberlite exploration

Medium-scale magnetotelluric sounding conducted within the Malaya Botuobiya (Yakutian diamondiferous province) and Zimnii Bereg (Archangelsk diamondiferous province) kimberlite regions revealed the main features of their geoelectric sections. These features have a genetic relation to the processes of kimberlite formation. All of the known kimberlite pipes of the two regions are located within the outlines of the revealed conducting geoelectric heterogeneities. The presence of such heterogeneities can be regarded as a possible deep criterion for distinguishing promising areas for kimberlite exploration.     

DEEP ELECTRIC STRUCTURE BENEATH NORTHEASTERN BOUNDARY AREAS OF THE NORTH CHINA CRATON

Magnetotelluric data are collected along a NW-SE trending and about 900km long profile within northeastern boundary areas of the North China craton(NCC). This profile extends from the Hegenshan belt within the Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB), across the Baolidao arc, Solonker-Linxi suture zone, Ondor Sum accretion complex, Bainaimiao arc, Inner Mongolia paleo-uplift, Yanshan belt, and ends on the Liaohe depression of the NCC. Impedance tensor decomposition methods are used to study the dimensionality and geo-electric strike of MT data of the region. Two-dimension (2D) analysis is appropriate for this profile. The 2-D subsurface electrical resistivity structure along profile is obtained using the non-linear conjugate gradient (NLCG) algorithm. The electrical resistivity structure is characterized by lateral segmentation, and divided into high resistive, low resistive, and high resistive areas; The lateral variation of electrical resistivity is significant within the CAOB, but it is smooth in the NCC; The extensive high conductive body(HRB)is observed in the mid-low crust beneath the Solonker-Linxi suture zone and Inner Mongolia paleo-uplift, respectively; The low resistivity could be due to the partial melts and crustal flows. Based on our electrical resistivity structure and other geological, geophysical observations, we speculate that (1)the final suturing of the Siberian craton to the NCC could be along the areas between Xilinhot Fault and Xar Moron Fault; (2)the relatively thick high resistive body beneath the Yanshan belt may serve as a tectonic barrier separating the on-craton and off-craton regions into different upper mantle convection system, and lower the effect of tectonic evolution of CAOB on the destruction to NCC.     

乐昌—霞葛MT剖面深部电性结构研究

为研究华南地区的壳幔电性结构,完成了华南地区乐昌—霞葛大地电磁测深剖面的探测,获得了该剖面的地电模型,并结合倾子、极化图和感应矢量等信息对地电模型进行了研究,对华南的电性结构、断裂特征和壳幔结构有了新的认识.研究结果表明:剖面上地壳西厚东薄,表面被大量的花岗岩高阻体所覆盖,6条断裂沿剖面展布.剖面两端岩石圈增厚,厚度超过100km,推测剖面西段岩石圈增厚是由于陆内挤压造山或陆内碰撞汇聚造山作用,而剖面东端的岩石圈增厚形成于大洋板块的俯冲;中部岩石圈减薄,厚度在60～80km之间,可能是与软流圈物质上侵有关.     

安庆-贵池矿集区及邻区深部电性结构研究

长江中下游地区经历了多期次的地质构造演化具有丰富的矿产资源,对重要矿集区及其邻区的深部电性结构进行研究具有重要意义。通过对穿过安庆—贵池矿集区的一条宽频带大地电磁测深长剖面数据进行分频段以及分区反演,构建了覆盖大别造山带至下扬子地块东缘的二维电性结构模型。发现矿集区的深部电性结构与邻区的构造单元具有显著差异,大别造山带和江南隆起带与浙赣凹陷之间的地壳整体表现为高阻特征,而下扬子坳陷和江南隆起带之间存在岩石圈上地幔尺度的高导电异常体并且与地壳浅部的高导体相连。安庆—贵池矿集区的成矿机制主要为燕山期陆内俯冲以及早白垩时期的伸展作用,矿集区下地壳加厚、拆沉和上地壳丰富的断裂系统起到了重要的控矿作用。     

大地电磁测深在湘东南坳陷页岩气勘探中的应用

为了解湘东南坳陷西南部地区深部构造特征,以及泥盆系—二叠系主要页岩气层系的分布、岩性等特征,以袁家向斜为研究对象,开展了4条大地电磁测深剖面资料的处理和定性、定量分析。通过对大地电磁测深资料的视电阻率拟断面、阻抗相位分析及二维连续介质反演,结合研究区的地质和物性特征,大致查明了剖面上主要断裂的位置、性质及发育特征,圈定了主要地质层系(电性层)的空间展布,并在此基础上探讨了该地区页岩气勘探的有利层系。研究成果表明:袁家向斜内部的断裂以SN向、NE向和NW向断裂为主,在剖面上多表现为铲式或坡坪式的构造样式;二叠系龙潭组发育优质含气性煤层,具有较好的煤层气勘探前景;泥盆系棋梓桥组下段低阻页岩连续且厚度大,可作为有利勘探页岩层系。     

三维地质体对AMT二维反演的影响研究

为探究三维地质体对二维反演结果地影响以及二维反演中极化模式的选择问题,设计了一系列二维、三维地电模型进行正演计算,并对正演结果进行二维反演计算。研究结果表明:相位受到三维畸变的影响较小,视电阻率较大;当三维异常体模型走向延伸较小时,TE模式的反演结果误差较大,TM模式的反演结果相对较好,但是反演得到了虚假的下覆构造,TE+TM联合反演结合了TE和TM模式反演的优点,可以较好地反映异常体的赋存位置及电阻率值;当三维异常体模型走向延伸长度增大时,三维数据的二维反演结果是可靠的,用TM和TE+TM模式反演都比较合理。     

海口地区火山活动初步研究

海口地区的马鞍岭-雷虎岭火山群是中国为数不多的几个休眠火山群之一。通过对区域火山活动期次划分、深部岩浆囊探测以及对火山类型、规模、物质组成和溶岩覆盖面积的分析,总结了海口地区火山活动的时、空、强特征。结合对火山区地震、地磁、体应变和地热等观测资料的分析,对火山区深部岩浆活动的状态进行了初步评估。研究认为海口全新世火山区最后一次火山喷发距今约4 000a左右,其现今火山活动已趋于平静,未来的火山活动可能向1605年琼州7.5级大地震震中区迁移     

大地电磁二维陡边界反演应用效果分析

针对石油勘探中常常遇到大块具有均匀电导率的地质单元被高陡边界分割的情况,传统的光滑反演各具特色但均有边界位置模糊的缺点,而陡边界反演方法可以有效地克服这种缺点.本文从应用的角度出发,对陡边界反演方法的原理作了详细的介绍,并应用该反演方法对两个块状结构模型的合成数据进行了反演,反演结果的拟合差分别为rms=1.66和rms=1.27,表明该方法反演结果能准确地恢复到真实模型附近;通过对比该方法与快速松弛法在实测数据中的应用,表明该方法有助于提高MT反演分辨率.但是该方法对模型参数设置和所知道的地质信息的准确性要求较高.