Far field effects of Alpine plate tectonism in the Iberian microplate recorded by fault-related denudation in the Spanish Central System

Apatite fission track analysis was performed on 56 samples from central Spain to unravel the far field effects of the Alpine plate tectonic history of Iberia. The modelled thermal histories reveal complex cooling in the Cenozoic, indicative of intermittent denudation. Accelerated cooling events occurred across the Spanish Central System (SCS) from the Middle Eocene to Recent. These accelerated cooling events resulted in up to 2.8±0.9 km of denudation in the western Sierra de Gredos and 3.6±1.0 km in the central and eastern Gredos (assuming a paleogeothermal gradient of 28±5 °C and a surface temperature of 10 °C). The greatest amount of denudation (5.0±1.6 km) occurred in the Sierra de Guadarrama. Accompanying rock uplift was 4.7±1.0 and 5.9±1.6 km in the eastern Gredos and Guadarrama, respectively. Most denudation in the Gredos occurred from the Middle Eocene to the Early Miocene and can be related to the N–S stress field, induced by the Pyrenean compression. In the Guadarrama, the greatest denudation was Pliocene to Recent of age and seems related to the ongoing NW–SE Betic compression. The fact that the formation of the E–W trending Gredos coincides with the N–S Pyrenean compression and the creation of the present day morphology of the NE–SW trending Guadarrama with the younger NW–SE Betic compression, indicates that they record the far field effects of Alpine plate tectonics on Iberia. The trend of pre-existing lineaments was of major importance in influencing the style and magnitude of these of far field effects.     

Unstable Climate Oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula

Core A9-EB2 from the eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, consists of pelagic (diatom ooze-clay couplets and bioturbated diatom ooze) and hemipelagic (bioturbated mud) sediments interbedded with turbidites (homogeneous mud and silt–clay couplets). The cyclic and laminated nature of these pelagic sediments represents alternation between the deposition of diatom-rich biogenic sediments and of terrigenous sediments. Sediment properties and geochemical data explain the contrasting lamination, with light layers being finer-grained and relatively rich in total organic carbon and biogenic silica content. Also, the high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) variations highlight distinct features: high MS values coincide with clastic-rich sections and low MS values correspond to biogenic sections. The chronology developed for core A9-EB2 accounts for anomalous ages associated with turbidites and shows a linear sedimentation rate of approximately 87 cm/10³ yr, which is supported by an accumulation rate of 80 cm/10³ yr calculated from ²¹⁰Pb activity. The late Holocene records clearly identify Neoglacial events of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and Medieval Warm Period (MWP). Other unexplained climatic events comparable in duration and amplitude to the LIA and MWP events also appear in the MS record, suggesting intrinsically unstable climatic conditions during the late Holocene in the Bransfield Basin of Antarctic Peninsula.     

厚层覆盖区综合物化探方法找金试验研究——以广西兴安金石金矿为例

在兴安金石金矿外围 4号分散流异常区 ,通过地电化学提取金测量法 ,查明测区存在 5个走向规模小于 5 0 m的金异常区 ,W( Au) 最大值为 72 .4× 10 - 9,高出背景值十几倍 ,并藉综合土壤吸附汞测量 ,高精度磁测和激发极化法等多种物化探方法来确定这些异常区的地质、地球化学和地球物理特征 ,提出金矿成矿的有利部位在金的地电提取高异常区、高汞量异常区、高磁性异常区、低视电阻率异常区和中等视极化率异常区的“三高一低一中”的找矿模式。确定测区的北北东角 (右下角 )一带具备有利的金矿成矿条件     

Simulation of artificial random field considering the temporal-spatial variation

Introduction For the seismic design of special structures such as nuclear power station, marine platform, long-span bridge and dam, generally the time-history response analysis of the structure under seismic excitation is imperative, which was coded in most seismic design codes. The earthquake records suitable for the seismic situation and site condition are necessary to be used as the seismic input in the dynamic analysis of structures. As a result of the limited observational condition of st…     

地震前兆时空非均匀性指标Cv值的实验检验

在双向加载条件下，对两种构造和介质不同的岩石标本进行变形实验，测量了标本表面不同部位的应变．在此基础上，利用王晓青和陈学忠等提出的描述地震前兆非均匀分布的参量————Cv值，分析了标本变形失稳过程中应变异常的分布，以期从实验角度检验Cv值方法并探讨其物理意义．研究表明，Cv值的变化与岩石变形特征的变化有关，是描述前兆分布非均匀性的一种有效指标；Cv值在失稳发生前先异常上升，然后下降，并在Cv值恢复过程中或恢复后伴随着失稳事件的发生．因此，Cv值是一种有效的预报指标．      

唐山地震震源区构造应力场强度的初步分析

利用唐山地区丰富的震源机制解资料反演构造应力场，并结合构造物理研究手段，对唐山地震震源区现代构造应力场的3个主应力绝对量值进行了估算，给出了地壳介质参数取理论平均值的情况下，唐山地震震源区构造应力场３个主应力量值随深度的变化趋势．研究分析了摩擦系数c、孔隙压力P0和应力形因子 等参数与应力值的关系，发现最大主应力1的垂向增长率与摩擦系数c成正比，与孔隙压力P0和应力形因子成反比；而最小应力值3的垂向增长率与孔隙压力P0成正比，与摩擦系数c和应力形因子成反比．本文对应用震源机制解资料反演完整的应力张量进行了一次有意义的尝试．      

由GPS观测结果推导中国大陆现今水平应变场

以中国大陆及周边近400个GPS测站的水平运动速率为基础，给出了现今地壳水平应变场结果表明:①中国大陆水平应变为西强东弱，剪应变数值大于正应变数值(绝对值)，应变量级一般为10-8/a，局部区域达到10-7/a，但应变分布不均匀；②南北向应变最突出的部位为中国西南部西段的喜马拉雅条带、西北部的36N~42N段及柴达木断块的北缘；③东西向应变西边缘变化最大．此外，由西向东还具有正负交替的变化特征；④REN(东-北向剪切应变)与Rmax(最大剪切应变)数值较大的区域分别是喜马拉雅条带、西北部的36N～42N段、柴达木断块的西部、川滇菱形块体，以及阿拉善、祁连及塔里木断块的交界区；⑤青藏块体周边以面收缩为主，内部则以面膨胀为主．其以北的地区以面收缩为主．西界数值最大，东部数值最小(除燕山构造带外)；⑥西部西区主压应变为南北向，主张应变为东西向．西部东缘区主压应变为近东西向，主张应变为近南北向．川滇菱形块体主应变的方向发生了很大的变化，北部地区为东西压南北张，南部地区则恰好相反；⑦中国大陆的应变模式可能是断块模式与连续模式的组合．此外，小尺度优势应变可能是剪切应变．造成上述结果除与印度板块的碰撞及边界耦合有关外，还与深部物质的活动及地壳介质的物性有密切的关系．必须指出，由于GPS测站在空间上分布的不均匀性，那么，由此而来的应变场，其应变尺度也不一样．      

新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征

利用在新疆伽师地区布设的流动台阵记录到的地方震波形数据,研究了伽师强震群附近各台站横波分裂现象,给出了相应的快波偏振方向的平面场分布. 发现在台阵的塔里木盆地一侧,波偏振方向为近SN向,与塔里木盆地的区域主压应力方向一致,但在塔里木盆地北部边缘的褶皱变形带内,快波偏振方向变为近EW向,特别是在柯坪断裂附近,快波偏振方向与阿图什地震的震源断层方向基本一致. 由于快波偏振方向平行于主压应力方向,给出的快波偏振方向反映了相应的主压应力场特征. 结果表明,伽师强震群的成因很可能是塔里木盆地北缘横向非均匀变形造成的局部张性剪切应变能的释放.     

国际地磁参考场在我国地磁基础研究中的应用

国际地磁参考场资料在我国得到广泛应用。利用国际地磁参考场资料，我国学者研究了高斯分析、地球磁场模型及其源场可能位置、重磁关系、核幔耦合、地磁场能量、地球非偶极子磁场西向漂移等。在绘制中国地磁等值图中也利用了某些国际地磁参考场资料。     

地形变场与现代地壳垂直运动及地震活动关系初探(Ⅰ)——地形变场的计算方法和物理意义

地震与地壳形变有着密切的关系 ,但台站地倾斜资料空间连续性不好 .为此在场分析的基础上 ,利用逐步订正法将地倾斜观测资料内插到 1°× 1°的经纬度网格点 ,引入曲面总曲率的概念计算格点上的Gauss曲率 ,并推广到格点化的有限区域上得到表征曲面形态和变形强度的地表形变场 .结果表明 :该方法可以合理地弥补资料不连续的缺陷 ,并在地表形变场上捕捉到一些关键的地表形变特征 ,如地凸区、地凹区、鞍形场等 .为地震分析和预报中如何拓展和利用大范围时空信息提供了一种有益的思路 .