利用NOAA AVHRR数据研究北半球雪盖气候学特征

利用NOAA卫星图像,研究了北半球、欧亚、北美和青藏高原雪盖气候学特征及其变化趋势.指出北半球、欧亚和北美雪盖气候变化趋势基本一致,年均雪盖面积在1987年前后明显下降; 而青藏高原雪盖面积在1984年后明显下降,说明青藏高原雪盖的年际变化与北半球及欧亚、北美不完全一致.     

Magnetic activity inside the auroral zones and field-aligned currents

Big perturbations of the magnetic field (amplitudes larger than 250 nT) are simply detected by subtracting the values of a model from the measurements of CHAMP satellite. Taking a full year of CHAMP data and organizing them in four subsets of three months length (spring, summer, autumn, winter), it is found that: (a) the two domains where such big perturbations mainly exist are limited, in both hemispheres, by a parallel of high latitude of the corrected geomagnetic coordinates system; (b) a conspicuous seasonal (annual) variation affects the density of the perturbations and is opposite in the two hemispheres. We hold that these perturbations are linked to the midday magnetic activity within the auroral zone, long ago described by one of us (Mayaud, 1956). The source of the perturbations observed at the satellite altitude would be field-aligned currents resulting from the penetration of the solar wind into the magnetospheric cusps. To cite this article: J.-L. Le Mouël et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in biotite, muscovite and chlorite single crystals

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of single crystals of biotite, muscovite and chlorite has been measured in order to provide accurate values of the magnetic anisotropy properties for these common rock-forming minerals. The low-field AMS and the high-field paramagnetic susceptibility are defined. For the high-field values, it is necessary to combine the paramagnetic deviatoric tensor obtained from the high-field torque magnetometer with the paramagnetic bulk susceptibility measured from magnetization curves of the crystals. This leads to the full paramagnetic susceptibility ellipsoid due to the anisotropic distribution of iron cations in the silicate lattice. The ellipsoid of paramagnetic susceptibility, which was obtained for the three phyllosilicates, is highly oblate in shape and the minimum susceptibility direction is subparallel to the crystallographic c-axes. The anisotropy of the susceptibility within the basal plane of the biotite has been evaluated and found to be isotropic within the accuracy of the instrumental measurements. The degree of anisotropy of biotite and chlorite is compatible with previously reported values while for muscovite the smaller than previously published values. The shape of the chlorite AMS ellipsoid for all the samples is near-perfect oblate in contrast with a wide distribution of oblate and prolate values reported in earlier studies. Reliable values are important for deriving models of the magnetic anisotropy where it reflects mineral fabrics and deformation of rocks.     

A mathematical model of concentrate solids content for the wet drum magnetic separator

Low concentrate density from wet drum magnetic separators in dense medium circuits can cause operating difficulties due to inability to obtain the required circulating medium density and, indirectly, high medium solids losses. The literature is almost silent on the processes controlling concentrate density. However, the common name for the region through which concentrate is discharged—the squeeze pan gap—implies that some extrusion process is thought to be at work. There is no model of magnetics recovery in a wet drum magnetic separator, which includes as inputs all significant machine and operating variables.A series of trials, in both factorial experiments and in single variable experiments, was done using a purpose built rig which featured a small industrial scale (700 mm lip length, 900 mm diameter) wet drum magnetic separator. A substantial data set of 191 trials was generated in this work. The results of the factorial experiments were used to identify the variables having a significant effect on magnetics recovery.It is proposed, based both on the experimental observations of the present work and on observations reported in the literature, that the process controlling magnetic separator concentrate density is one of drainage. Such a process should be able to be defined by an initial moisture, a drainage rate and a drainage time, the latter being defined by the volumetric flowrate and the volume within the drainage zone. The magnetics can be characterised by an experimentally derived ultimate drainage moisture. A model based on these concepts and containing adjustable parameters was developed. This model was then fitted to a randomly chosen 80% of the data, and validated by application to the remaining 20%. The model is shown to be a good fit to data over concentrate solids content values from 40% solids to 80% solids and for both magnetite and ferrosilicon feeds.     

重塑非饱和粘土抗剪强度参数与饱和度的关系研究

土的饱和度是基于水分状态和密度状态的一个衍生变量。存在因应水分状态变化和因应密度状态变化的两类饱和度变化过程。根据23组不同水分状态和密度状态的UU三轴压缩试验结果,讨论了重塑非饱和粘性土抗剪强度参数与饱和度的关系。数据分析表明:粘聚力与水分状态相关的饱和度的关系是强非线性的,与密度状态相关的饱和度的关系是准线性的。内摩擦角与水分状态相关的饱和度的关系是强非线性的,与密度状态相关的饱和度的关系是弱非线性的。     

柴达木盆地沙尘暴气候特征及其预报

利用1961～2000年柴达木盆地11个气象站的沙尘暴观测资料，分析了柴达木盆地沙尘暴天气的时空分布特征。根据1980～2000年3月至5月的40次沙尘暴天气个例，从高空环流形势、地面冷空气路径、影响因子及其预报指标4个方面进行分析，总结出柴达木盆地春季沙尘暴天气的预报方法。     

重磁遗传算法三维反演中高速计算及有效存储方法技术

将地下场源区域规则划分成很多小长方体单元，并且通过反演确定这些单元的物性变 化，勾画出场源的分布图像，这种方式逐步成为重磁反演，特别是三维反演的重要方向；遗 传算法等非线性技术进行该类反演将逐步成为发展趋势. 本文指出，在应用遗传算法进行该 类反演过程中，隐含着数据量较大时超常规的计算量，它已成为制约该类反演充分发挥作用 的瓶颈问题；同时，本文提出了针对性的分离并存储几何格架的计算策略、以及独特的几何 格架等效压缩存储技术，可以从根本上提高非线性反演计算速度，为该类反演的有效应用奠 定了坚实的基础.     

陇东黄土高原春末夏初旱的气候特征及预测模型

应用自然正交函数分解(EOF)方法，分析了甘肃省庆阳地区春末夏初干旱的综合评价指数DH的空间分布特征及随时间演变规律；分析了春末夏初干旱对冬小麦和玉米产量的影响；应用逐步回归方法建立了春末夏初干旱的预测模型，业务使用效果良好。     

地震能量空间分布局域标度特性中短期预报方法及效能评价——实际震例的回顾性检验

利用中国大陆丰富的地震记录，对表征地震能量空间分布局域标度特性的各参量〔１〕及其组合进行系统研究，提炼具有可操作性、能够用于日常地震监测预报的实用方法，特别着重于“异常”划分方式及划分标准的研究。这一划分方式及划分标准对不同地区或不同时段均是“动态”可变的，对所研究的１０个区域内发生的中强地震进行回顾性的预报检验，发现对于较短时期（０．５－１．５年），其最大预报评分的平均值介于０．３—０．６之间，明显高于随机应答的概率评分，表明多参数综合使用具有相对强的预报能力     

吉林省地倾斜震前异常特征研究

本文清理了处震前地倾斜异常实例，总结了吉林省地倾斜震前异常特征。并从观测仪器特性和区域构造特点两个方面对异常特征作了分析和讨论。