华南在Rodinia古陆中位置的讨论——扬子地块西缘变质-岩浆杂岩证据及其与Seychelles地块的对比

沿扬子地块西缘出露的一系列变质杂岩的构造性质及形成时代是分析华南地块大地构造属性的关键。这些杂岩均被初始为低角度的正断层所围限 ,具有变质核杂岩的构造性质 ,其剥露时间在177Ma左右。目前 ,对这一区域几个代表性杂岩体进行的系统的岩石学和地球化学分析表明 ,这是一套主体为与俯冲板块有关的岛弧型岩浆杂岩 ,其形成时代从 72 6～ 86 4Ma ,时间跨度在 10 0Ma以上。证明这些岩石的形成与地幔柱作用无关。上述结果与最近在Madagascar东北缘、Seychelles岛及印度的Malani的一条类似的变质岩浆杂岩带的地球化学与地质年代学研究结果完全吻合 ,这个构造带被解释为一条沿Mozambique洋东缘的巨大的向东俯冲的安第斯型俯冲 岩浆岛弧带。据此我们推测在Rodinia古大陆中 ,华南地块位于印度板块东北缘 ,其南东则可能与澳大利亚相接。     

Cathodoluminescence, electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy of experimentally shock-metamorphosed zircon

Thorough understanding of the shock metamorphic signatures of zircon could be the basis for the use of this mineral as a powerful tool for the study of old, deeply eroded, and metamorphically overprinted impact structures and formations. This study of the cathodoluminescence (CL) and Raman spectroscopic signatures of experimentally (20-60 GPa) shock-metamorphosed zircon single crystals contributes to the understanding of high-pressure microdeformation in zircon. For all samples, an inverse relationship between the brightness of the backscattered electron (BSE) signal and the corresponding cathodoluminescence intensity was observed. The unshocked sample shows crosscutting, irregular fractures. The 20 GPa sample displays some kind of mosaic texture of CL brighter and darker domains, but does not exhibit any shock metamorphic features in BSE or CL images. The 40 GPa sample shows a high density of lamellar features, which might be explained by the phase transformation between zircon- and scheelite-structure phases of zircon and resulting differences in the energy levels of the activator elements. The CL spectra of unshocked and shocked (20, 40, and 60 GPa) zircon samples are dominated by narrow emission lines and broad bands in the region of visible light and in the near-UV range. The emission lines result from rare earth element activators and the broad bands might be associated with lattice defects. Raman spectra revealed that the unshocked and 20 GPa samples represent zircon-structure material, whereas the 40 GPa sample yielded additional peaks with relatively high peak intensities, which are indicative of the presence of the scheelite-type high-pressure phase. The 60 GPa sample has a Raman signature that is similar to that of an amorphous phase, in contrast to the observations of an earlier TEM study that the crystalline scheelite-structure phase is stable at this shock pressure. The 60 GPa Raman signature cannot be explained at this stage. The results show a clear dependence of the CL and Raman properties of zircon on shock pressure, which confirm the possible usage of these methods as shock indicators.     

集宁群和迁西群麻粒岩相变质流体的特征和成因

矿物中流体包裹体研究和脱水反应热力学计算结果表明，集宁群和迁西群麻粒岩相变质峰期流体均富碳质,x(CO2 CH4)一般为70%-80%，x(H2O)≈10%-20%，密度一般为1.0-1.1g/cm^3。集宁群中变质流体的成分和H2O活度在空间上分布不均匀，明显受岩性控制。富铝片麻岩、黑云紫苏片麻岩和基性麻粒岩中αH2O值分别为0.10-0.20、0.20-0.40和0.40-0.60，表明其非外源成因，未曾在岩石中均匀渗透，而可能与进变质过程原岩中普遍存在的有机质氧化和各种脱挥发分反应有关，其富碳质还与H2O相对易于逸散有关。迁西群变质峰期流体成分在空间上分布均匀，不受岩性控制，在玉平寨等地区上述3类岩石中αH2O值主要都在0.13-0.25之间，XH2O为0.1-0.2，反映流体似为外源成因，并确曾在岩石中均匀渗透。本区存在幔源基性岩浆底侵的地质条件，这种富碳质流体可能与它们结晶时析出的CO2流上升有关。     

康定—泸定地区变质侵入岩的地质地球化学特征及其构造环境

康定—泸定地区出露的新元古代变质侵入岩位于扬子板块西缘北段。通过详细的野外地质特征、岩相学、矿物学及岩石地球化学等方面的研究,确定岩石组合为辉长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,其中以中酸性岩为主,具有钙碱性演化特征;长石成分主要为钠长石—更长石—中长石,含水矿物角闪石、黑云母广泛存在;主量元素显示钙碱性分异趋势;微量元素呈现典型的岛弧环境地球化学特征;稀土配分模式呈右倾型;在构造环境判别图中,该变质侵入岩样品均投影于火山弧区域。综合以上特征表明康定—泸定地区变质侵入岩在新元古代处于与俯冲有关的岩浆弧环境。     

Evaluation of the SNOWPACK model’s metamorphism and microstructure in Canada: a case study

The snow thermodynamic multi-layer model SNOWPACK was developed to address the risk of avalanches by simulating the vertical properties of snow. Risk and stability assessments are based on the simulation of the vertical variability of snow microstructure, as well as on snow cohesion parameters. Previous research has shown systematic error in grain size simulations (equivalent optical grain size) over several areas in northern Canada. To quantify the simulated errors in snow grain size and uncertainties in stability, the snow specific surface area (SSA) was measured with a laser-based instrument. Optical grain size was retrieved to validate the optical equivalent grain radius from SNOWPACK. The two study plots are located in Glacier National Park, BC, and Jasper National Park, AB, Canada. Profiles for density and stratigraphic analysis were obtained as well as grain size profiles, combined with snow micropenetrometer (SMP) measurements. Density analysis showed good agreement with the simulated values (R² = 0.76). Optical grain size analysis showed systematic overestimation of the modeled values, in agreement with the current literature. The error in SSA evolution for a rounding environment was mostly constant, whereas error for conditions driven by a temperature gradient was linked to the size of the facetted grains.     

变质改造型关键金属矿——富集Li-Rb-Cs-Tl-Ga的云母片岩

关键金属矿产是国际上最近提出的资源概念,对战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要,但认知程度较低。洛扎岩浆-变质杂岩体位于喜马拉雅带东部,侵位于藏南拆离系内。在岩体东北侧,云母片岩被含电气石淡色花岗岩捕虏。云母片岩主要由金云母、绿泥石和少量黑云母组成。从全岩地球化学成分来看,云母片岩具有含量较高的Al₂O₃(13.38%～14.32%)、K₂O(6.09%～9.66%)、FeO^*(27.11%～30.09%)、MgO(15.25%～17.21%)、TiO₂(0.09%～0.26%),富集关键金属Li(650×10^-6～1 031×10^-6)、Rb(1 649×10^-6～2 773×10^-6)、Cs(98×10^-6～229×10^-6)、Tl(5.7×10^-6～12.1×10^-6)、Ga(121×10^-6     

地面高精度磁测在红旗岭镍矿资源接替勘查中的应用

本文简要介绍了吉林省红旗岭镍矿区地质背景,较为详细地论述了1/1万地面高精度磁测方法在矿区继续找矿方面的应用。同时对取得的磁测数据成果进行了化极、上延等处理。在此基础上对矿区构造、基性-超基性岩体成因进行了探讨,指出矿区成矿系华力西早期基性-超基性岩浆伊始于F01断裂构造深部,最终贯入至其它断裂成岩、成矿的过程。     

桐柏-大别山区高压变质相的构造配置

作为华北和扬子陆块间的碰撞造山带桐柏大别山区以发育高压、超高压变质带为特征,从南到北变质相从低级到高级,代表俯冲带深度不同的变质产物,整体形成高压变质相系列。不过现今各变质相岩石的分布极受后期地壳规模的伸展构造控制,大别杂岩的穹隆作用更使高压变质相带的空间分布复杂化。超高压变质岩今日多呈大小不等的块体嵌布于相对低压的大别杂岩之内,造山带根部物质的热软化,使许多深层地幔物质得以像挤牙膏一样挤出于大别杂岩内。它们之中广泛发育着减压退变质的显微结构,与大别杂岩内一些麻粒岩相表壳岩所保存的减压退变质证迹一样,同是挤出作用和碰撞后隆升的构造证迹。高压相系的发育使南桐柏山和大别山迥然不同于桐商（ 商丹） 断裂以北的北秦岭北淮阳变质带。新近发表的同位素年代学（４０Ａｒ ３９ Ａｒ） 资料：３１６ ～４３４ Ｍａ ,已证明北秦岭是古生代变质带,它与桐柏－ 大别印支期碰撞造山带差异甚大。这两个变质地温梯度差异甚大的变质地体的拼合,说明华北和扬子陆块碰撞的主缝合带是商丹－ 桐商断裂带