西藏玛旁雍错地热水地球化学特征及其成因机制分析

西藏地区位于欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞造山带,构造活动强烈,具有丰富的地热资源。本次研究在西藏阿里地区水热活动强烈的玛旁雍错地热田实地采集地表热泉样品进行水化学分析,依据地热水水化学特征,评估研究区热储平衡状态与热储温度,分析地热水在深部的水文地球化学过程,识别地热系统深部热源类型并阐明地热系统成因机制。通过此次研究表明：区内地热水主要为碱性Cl-Na型或HCO₃-Cl-Na型水和酸性SO₄-Na型水,地热水在深部已经与热储围岩达到完全平衡状态,通过地热温标计算热储温度在200℃左右;地热地表显示、热水水化学组分特征、热储温度类型等分析揭示玛旁雍错为岩浆热源型地热系统,地表不同类型地热水是深部母地热流体沿断裂向上运移过程中经不同水文地球化学过程形成。     

多期岩浆侵入事件对长昌凹陷烃源岩热演化的影响

最新研究表明长昌凹陷发育多期岩浆侵入事件。针对多期岩浆侵入事件对长昌凹陷烃源岩热演化的影响尚不明确的问题,文章依据最新地震、地化、钻井等资料,利用地震相技术在凹陷内识别出9个四期岩浆侵入体;在此基础上,运用三维盆地模拟技术对岩浆侵入事件进行热模拟,定量评价多期岩浆侵入事件对凹陷内烃源岩热演化影响。模拟结果表明,岩浆侵入体对烃源岩热演化有促进,但影响范围有限,岩浆体规模与其影响范围有如下规律：岩浆体直径小于2 km,对烃源岩热演化影响范围的半径小于2 km;岩浆体直径大于2 km而小于5 km,影响范围半径小于5 km;岩浆体直径大于10 km而小于20 km,影响范围半径小于16 km。因此长昌凹陷烃源岩主体热演化基本不受岩浆侵入事件的影响,且其可能带来非烃充注风险。结合岩浆侵入体对研究区两口钻井影响的分析,厘定长昌凹陷生烃门限为海底以下2300~2500 m。这些研究为凹陷下一步油气勘探奠定了基础。     

江西银山铜多金属矿床矿石特征研究及成因意义

江西银山矿床是一个大型的铜多金属矿床。通过对野外地质调查及结合室内显微镜鉴定,利用扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析技术对矿石矿物组分及赋存状态进行了深入研究。在银山矿床新发现铋铬合金、锌铜(镍)合金、自然镍3种罕见矿物。能谱分析显示铋铬合金中铬质量百分含量普遍在8%~10%之间。锌铜(镍)合金中Cu质量分数53.93%~65.85%,Zn质量分数30.67%~41.03%,部分合金含镍。自然镍中Ni质量分数高达96.19%。此外,在银山矿床中发现了与次火山热液有关的碲银矿矿物和地下水热液有关的银金矿,能谱分析显示碲银矿中Ag质量分数约36%~42%,银金矿中Au质量分数约为67.96%~81.45%,银金矿主要以裂隙充填式赋存于碲银矿裂隙内。结合本次在银山矿床矿石样品中新发现了黄铁矿的显微霉群构造,认为银山矿床成矿后期可能有地下水热液的参与。综上,根据银山矿床中矿石矿物共生组合特征,划分出该矿床成矿过程经历了3个成矿期和3个成矿阶段,重新厘定银山矿床可能经历了岩浆期成矿作用。岩浆热液期中的中低温热液阶段是期主要成矿期,矿床成因类型为次火山热液矿床。     

Metamorphism and deformation of mafic and felsic rocks in a magma transfer zone,Stewart Island,New Zealand

In the mingled mafic/felsic Halfmoon Pluton at The Neck, Stewart Island (part of the Median Batholith of New Zealand) some hornblende gabbros and diorites retain magmatic structures, whereas others show evidence of major changes in grain and inclusion shapes, and still others are amphibolite‐facies granofelses with few or no igneous relicts. These mafic to intermediate magmas crystallized in felsic magma relatively quickly, with the result that most deformation occurred at subsolidus conditions. It is suggested that mafic‐intermediate rocks with predominantly igneous microstructures spent less time in the magmatic system. The metamorphism of the mafic rocks appears to be ‘autometamorphic’, in the sense that elevated temperatures were maintained by magmatic heat during subsolidus cooling. Elevated temperatures were maintained because of repeated sheet injection and subconcordant dyke injection of hot basaltic and composite mafic‐felsic magmas, into a dominantly transtensional, km‐scale, outboard‐migrating, magmatic shear zone that operated semi‐continuously for between c. 140 and c. 130 Ma. Complete cooling occurred only when the system evolved to transpressional and the locus of magmatism migrated inboard (southward) between c. 130 and c. 120 Ma, associated with solid‐state mylonitic deformation. Intermingled granitic rocks escaped metamorphism, because they remained magmatic to lower temperatures, and experienced shorter and lower‐temperature subsolidus cooling intervals. However, the felsic rocks underwent relatively high‐temperature solid‐state deformation, as indicated by myrmekite replacing K‐feldspar and chess‐board subgrain patterns in quartz; locally they developed felsic mylonites. The felsic rocks were deformed in the solid state because of their high proportion of relatively weak minerals (quartz and biotite), whereas the mafic rocks mostly escaped subsolidus deformation, except in local high‐strain zones of hornblende‐plagioclase schist, because of their high proportion of relatively strong minerals (hornblende and plagioclase). We suggest that such contrasting microstructural features are diagnostic of long‐lived syntectonic magma transfer zones, and contrast with the more typical complex, batholith‐scale magma chambers of magmatic arcs.     

俄罗斯阿尔丹地块南部辉长-斜长岩杂岩体的构造-物质组分特点及其演化

Ｋａｌａｒｓｋｙ岩体是沿阿尔丹南部边缘分布的规模巨大的ＤｊｕｇｄｊｕｒＫａｌａｒｓｋｙ辉长－斜长岩岩带的一部分。本文研究了代表典型地球早期（前寒武纪）发展史、在行星水准上发育的这个特殊杂岩体的构造－物质组分、形成的阶段性及其继后构造演化。辉长－斜长岩杂岩体产于前寒武纪克拉通化地块交接处及其褶皱的流动性较高的框架中。该杂岩体由两个岩浆岩共生组合组成：硅铝质（斜长岩及辉长－斜长岩）及镁铁质（基性－超基性岩）。体积上前者明显小于后者。这两个岩石共生组合的锶同位素比值都特别低,说明其原始岩浆的地幔属性,是在一个相对宁静的背景中在早期分异出来的产物。辉长－斜长岩杂岩体的演化明显分３个阶段：早期是圈闭结晶岩并将其极度加热的阶段,是庞大的具对称构造的地块的形成阶段;中期是地块的最终固结阶段,在此期间发生了褶皱变形,是高压变质作用的初期阶段;晚期是发生刚性变形,形成辉长－斜长杂岩岩体的岩浆岩岩墙群、链状构造及雁行构造,并发生最大高压变质作用的阶段。文中对与辉长－斜长岩杂岩体共生的似榴辉岩也进行了探讨。     

Chemical composition and petrogenesis of plagioclases in plagioclase-phyric basalts from the Southwest Indian Ridge(51°E)

Electron microprobe analysis was conducted on plagioclase from the plagioclase ultraphyric basalts(PUBs)erupted on the Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR)(51°E) to investigate the geochemical changes in order to better understand the magmatic processes occurring under ultraslow spreading ridges and to provide insights into the thermal and dynamic regimes of the magmatic reservoirs and conduit systems. The phenocryst cores are generally calcic(An_(74–82)) and are depleted in FeO and MgO. Whereas the phenocryst rims(An_(67–71)) and the plagioclase in the groundmass(An_(58–63)) are more sodic and have higher FeO and MgO contents than the phenocryst cores. The crystallization temperatures of the phenocryst cores and the calculation of the equilibrium between the phenocrysts and the matrix suggest that the plagioclase cores are unlikely to have crystallized from the host basaltic melt, but are likely to have crystallized from a more calcic melt. The enrichment in incompatible elements(FeO and MgO), as well as the higher FeO/MgO ratios of the outermost phenocryst rims and the groundmass, are the result of plagioclase-melt disequilibrium diffusion during the short residence time in which the plagioclase crystallized. Our results indicate that an evolved melt replenishing under the SWIR(51°E) drives the eruption over a short period of time.     

辽西岩浆活动对贵金属成矿的控制与深洞成矿

通过对温仗子金矿研究结果表明,辽西地区的贵金属成矿作用与侵入体接触带、同熔型岩浆岩(包括与花岗岩类、斑岩、碱性岩和岩墙群)、深源岩浆、复合岩体有关并明显受到长期的多期次的岩浆活动中心控制。多期次的岩浆活动点存在着深洞构造。深洞构造-岩浆活动-成矿作用的统一,可概括为深洞成矿。深洞成矿是贵金属成矿的重要作用。     

浙江治岭头金矿床成矿条件探讨

早元古代角闪岩相大型韧性剪切带和叠加其上的中生代脆性张裂破碎带共同组成的复合构造是治岭头金矿主要的控矿构造。成矿热液主要来自燕山期火山-岩浆活动。成矿物质主要来自上地壳下部的重熔岩浆。中生代火山岩盖层是避免矿液逸散的必不可少的屏蔽层。矿床类型属于燕山期火山-岩浆热液成因的后韧性剪切带型金矿。     

西南印度洋中脊玄武岩地球化学特征及其对岩浆过程的指示意义

对采自西南印度洋中脊(SWIR)50°E附近5个站位的玄武岩样品进行了岩石学和元素地球化学研究.样品主量元素、TAS分类图解和AFM图解显示,SWIR研究区样品类型主要为低钾拉斑玄武岩.相对原始地幔SWIR区玄武岩具有Ba、Nb、Sr负异常,K表现为正异常.稀土元素分配模式均为左倾型,具有轻微的Eu、Ce正异常;SWI...