Deep crustal structure and rheology of the Gascoyne volcanic margin,western Australia

Interpretation of deep seismic reflection data across the Gascoyne Margin reveals six distinct seismic facies units related to the tectono-magmatic breakup history. On the outer Exmouth Plateau four large scale units are identified: (1) an extensively block-faulted upper crust; (2) a middle-crustal unit of discontinuous, undulatory reflectors; (3) a reflection-free deep crustal unit; and (4) a lower-crustal band of low-frequency, high-amplitude reflectors. Two additional units are found near the continent-ocean boundary (COB); (5) seaward-dipping reflectors (SDR); and (6) landward-dipping reflectors in the lower crust below the SDR. The lower-crustal high-reflectivity band, located near the top of a high-velocity unit (V_p > 7 kms^–1), is interpreted as magmatic underplating. There is a spatial correlation between the underplated area and the presence of extensive upper-crustal block-faulting and intrusive rocks in the shallow crust. The undulatory middle-crustal reflector unit is also only identified in the outer plateau area, and is interpreted as a zone in which the upper-crustal faults terminate. The inner parts of the margin consist of a deep basin showing little upper-crustal faulting and no evidence of middle crustal deformation or underplating. Theoretical modeling of the effect of rifting and magmatic underplating on crustal strength profiles suggests that the brittle-ductile transition may migrate at least 5 km upwards during several million years after the underplating event. Based on the seismic interpretation and crustal strength modeling we propose that the seismic structure of the outer Exmouth Plateau is severely modified by a transient change in the crustal rheological structure associated with magmatic underplating.     

大别造山带核部典型燕山期花岗岩岩浆演化的p—T轨迹

本文根据相图和多种地质温压计确定了大别造山带核部典型花岗岩岩浆的源区,岩浆房和固结成岩阶段的温度和压力,并建立了区内岩浆演化的ｐ－Ｔ轨迹。该轨迹表明：（１）石鼓尖侵入岩浆上升能力最强,上升的最小距离为２５ｋｍ;（２）天堂寨侵入岩岩浆上升能力也较强,上升的最小距离为５ｋｍ,（３）九资河侵入岩的上升能力最弱,上升距离小于３ｋｍ。（４）石鼓尖和天堂寨岩体为异地侵入体,九资河岩体是一个原地－半原地花岗岩体     

Magmatic Sulfide Ni-Cu Deposits in China

Deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits form a major type of magmatic sulfide deposit in China. The reserves of nickel and copper in this type of deposit may attain several hundred thousand tons (e.g.Hongqi 7 and Karatunggu) to nearly ten million tons (e.g.Jinchuan). Those deposits can be classified as large or superlarge deposits. The ore grade is relatively high, commonly with w(Ni)＞1 %.The mineralized intrusions are small in size, generally only 0.0n km2 to 0.n km2, with the largest one not exceeding a few km2. Before intruding, the primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization at depth; as a result, the magmas have partitioned into barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma, which then ascended and injected into the present locations once or multiple times, to form ore deposits. The above-mentioned mineralizing process is known as deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma is generally much larger than those of the ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma. In the ascending process, most of the barren magma intruded into different locations or outpoured onto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magmaand ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same place in which rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces to form rocks and ores. Such deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits have a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than those of in-situ magmatic liquation deposits. Consequently, this mineralizing process leads to the formation of large deposits in small intrusions.     

宁镇中段夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床多元信息成矿预测初步研究

宁镇中段铜多金属矿床主要为接触交代型矿床.文章以地质环境和成矿规律研究为基础,采用逻辑信息法综合提取地质、遥感、地球物理和地球化学多层次成矿预测信息,构建逻辑信息法成矿预测要素组合.并以此为指导,按照地质成矿条件有利程度、物化探异常强度与规模、环形构造发育程度、遥感解译蚀变显现强度与规模,进行综合判别确定成矿有利位置,...     

西藏冈底斯岩带曲水杂岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

曲水杂岩体位于冈底斯构造-岩浆岩带东段南缘,其岩浆活动与雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲、消减以及印度与欧亚板块碰撞息息相关。本文以曲水县-昌果乡广泛分布的中酸性花岗岩体为研究对象,进行了系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。结果表明,曲水杂岩体由3期时代和规模不同的花岗质岩体构成,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为95.2±1.0～88.5±1.0Ma、65.2±0.6Ma和48.5±0.5～43.3±0.7Ma;岩石地球化学研究表明,晚白垩世和古新世花岗岩以中性-中酸性为主,属钙碱性系列,具中铝特征,A/CNK比值小于1.1,属于I型花岗岩,是玄武质下地壳部分熔融产物,指示其形成于特提斯洋壳俯冲过程的岛弧构造环境。始新世花岗岩以高钾钙碱性系列为主,并出现钾玄岩系列,具偏铝-过铝质特征,指示岩浆上侵过程中遭受了不同程度的地壳物质混染,其形成于印度-欧亚板块强烈碰撞的构造环境。     

云南墨江金厂矿床金镍赋存状态及成因关系探讨

墨江金厂金镍矿床位于哀牢山造山带中段,九甲—安定大断裂上盘,是西南三江成矿带内一个独特的金镍矿床。本文在详细野外地质调查基础上,通过显微镜下观察、扫描电镜和能谱分析,结合矿石微量元素分析,对矿石中金、镍赋存状态及成因关系进行了研究。结果显示,金赋存形式主要有可见金和不可见金。可见金又可分为粒间金和包体金;不可见金是以Au~+赋存于硫锑铜银矿、黄铁矿中。镍赋存状态有两种:一是以独立矿物,如辉砷镍矿、锑硫镍矿等存在;二是以离子态赋存于黄铁矿、硫锑铜银矿中。矿石结构构造、矿物共生组合及微量元素含量等显示,金和镍为同期热液成矿,金来自岩浆热液系统远端的低温热液,镍是含金低温热液流经超基性岩体时萃取而来。成矿过程可分为早期富硅质热液和晚期富钙质热液两个阶段,成矿是在幕式构造活动下多期流体运移和沉淀的结果。     

闽中南平—宁化构造带南华纪陆缘弧岩浆活动：对武夷造山带构造演化的新启示

南平—宁化构造带沿线出露着以万全岩群和楼前组、西溪组等为代表的一系列新元古代火山-沉积岩系。系统的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究表明,福建明溪和江西瑞金地区的楼前组浅变质英安岩和晶屑凝灰岩分别形成于(729±4)Ma和(735±6.7)Ma(LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法),SiO2含量变化在65.22%～74.54%,相对富Al2O3(11.05%～16.80%)富碱(Na2O+K2O=4.88%～10.19%)而贫CaO、MgO和FeOT,ANK值和A/CNK值分别为1.23～1.78和0.98～1.57,Nb/Ta=12.44～17.28,Nd/Th=2.07～3.51,Ti/Zr=6.08～10.37,Ti/Y=68.51～154.71,属过铝质S型火山岩;明显富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb等)而亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P等),Zr/Nb=16.65～24.07,Th/Ta=12.94～16.93,δEu呈现明显负异常(0.33～0.62),显示岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。综合区域地质资料及前人研究结果提出,南平—宁化一线在713 Ma前为活动大陆边缘环境,洋壳俯冲引发的岩浆活动形成了沿南平—宁化—瑞金一线展布的陆缘弧中酸性火山岩带,暗示此时南、北武夷之间尚未拼合形成统一的武夷地块,因而华夏地块不存在统一的前南华纪结晶基底。     

Integrated Radiolaria,benthic foraminifera and conodont biochronology of the pelagic Permian blocks/tectonic slices and geochemistry of associated volcanic rocks from the Mersin Mélange,southern Turkey: Implications for the Permian evolution of the northern Neotethys

Blocks and tectonic slices within the Mersin Mélange (southern Turkey), which are of Northern Neotethyan origin (Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan Ocean (IAE)), were studied in detail by using radiolarian, conodont, and foraminiferal assemblages on six different stratigraphic sections with well‐preserved Permian succesions. The basal part of the Permian sequence, composed of alternating chert and mudstone with basic volcanics, is assigned to the late Asselian (Early Permian) based on radiolarians. The next basaltic interval in the sequence is dated as Kungurian. The highly alkaline basic volcanics in the sequence are extremely enriched, similar to kimberlitic/lamprophyric magmas generated at continental intraplate settings. Trace element systematics suggest that these lavas were generated in a continental margin involving a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle source (SCLM). The middle part of the Permian sequences, dated by benthic foraminifera and conodont assemblages, includes detrital limestones with chert interlayers and neptunian dykes of middle Wordian to earliest Wuchiapingian age. Higher in the sequence, detrital limestones are overlain by alternating chert and mudstone with intermittent microbrecciated beds of early Wuchiapingian to middle Changhsingian (Late Permian) age based on the radiolarians. A large negative shift at the base of the Lopingian at the upper part of section is correlated to negative shifts at the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary associated with the end‐Guadalupian mass extinction event. All these findings indicate that a continental rift system associated with a possible mantle plume existed during the late Early to Late Permian period. This event was responsible for the rupturing of the northern Gondwanan margin related to the opening of the IAE Ocean. When the deep basinal features of the Early Permian volcano‐sedimentary sequence are considered, the proto IAE oceanic crust formed possibly before the end of the Permian. This, in turn, suggests that the opening of the IAE Ocean dates back to as early as the Permian.     

地震力学成因及前兆机理研究——再“读”唐山地震有感

简述弹性回跳学说、板块构造模型及岩浆活动型地震等地震力学成因的现有观点,并对其进行了讨论。通过分析唐山震区的壳幔深部结构、前兆异常时空演化等资料,进一步论证了唐山地震力学成因为岩浆活动的观点。在此基础上对唐山地震前兆机理进行了研究,指出岩浆活动既是该地震发生的成因,也是各类前兆异常的成因,它们是岩浆活动这枚硬币的两面。最后指出只有正确认识地震和前兆的成因,才有可能用前兆资料对地震三要素做出较好的预报。     

墨西哥西马德雷山脉中—新生代构造、岩浆演化及成矿特征

墨西哥西马德雷山脉是白垩纪—新生代岩浆活动和构造运动形成的。中新生代岩浆活动可以分为5个主要阶段:侏罗纪—早白垩世、晚白垩世—古新世、始新世—渐新世、中新世早期和中新世中期—现代。这些岩浆活动和构造运动与法拉隆(Farallon)板块向北美大陆俯冲和加利福尼亚湾打开相关。墨西哥中新生代的成矿作用与东太平洋板块边缘连续的俯冲过程密切相关,矿床类型多样,包括VMS(与火山相关的块状硫化物)型、斑岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型、矽卡岩型等。