四川地区上二叠统吴家坪组条带状硅质岩成因分析

四川盆地上二叠统吴家坪组条带状硅质岩分布广泛,所含生物主要为体小壳薄的有孔虫、介形虫、腕足类、双壳类等,缺乏放射虫,偶见海绵骨针.显微薄片显示,生物屑多被硅化,见残余方解石碎屑.MnO/TiO2值平均为4.5,Al-FeMn判别图解多数样品落干Ⅰ区,Co/Ni值平均为0.127,稀土元素总量平均为1.4778×10-6...     

新疆木垒县喀拉沙特金矿地质特征及成因

喀拉沙特金矿产于构造破碎蚀变带中。通过普查工作共圈定2个金矿体和1个金矿化体,I号金矿体产状25。＜84。,长80m,水平厚度0．12～2．40m,倾向延深111．40m。品位1．63×10“～2．98×10－^6,平均品位1．62×10一^6。Ⅱ号金矿体产状168。么82。,长80m,水平厚度0．80～1．02m,平均厚度0．91m,倾向延深115．27m,品位1．72X10一^6～4．44×10一^6,平均品位2．83X10一^6。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属沉积一变质型金矿床。     

Metallogenic origin of Sipingshan hot spring gold deposit in Hulin of Heilongjiang and its metallogenic mode

Sipingshan gold deposit is gold-bearing sillcalite in type. There only exist a few kinds of sulfide in the ore and it is lower in content. The gold degree is lower. Au is closely related to the Ag,Cu,Pb,As and Hg elements. The upper sillcalite has Eu and Ce negative anomaly,and the lower sillcalite has Eu positive anomaly. however,the hot spring cemented breccia and rhyolite porphyry have Eu negative anomaly;the S isotope component has deep-seated magmatic sulfur and terrestrial sulfate characteristic;and the Pb isotope has the character of the mixture origin of crust and mantle that is mainly dominated by Pb in the orogenic belt. The ore-forming fluid temperature is 180℃-244℃,characterized by magmatic hydrothermal and meteoric water;and the ore-forming age is 87 Ma. The deposit was formed by the metallogenic fluid in the tectonic fault zone overflowing near the earth’s surface and leading to the metallogenic function and the metallogenic substance deposition.     

乌冈栎的地理分布

利用植物地理学分布区理论与地理信息系统技术,整合相关标本信息和文献,对乌冈栎地理分布区进行研究。结果表明:1)乌冈栎水平地理分布以亚热带为主,水平分布范围在中国(23°―34°N,100°―120°E)和日本(26°―37°N,128°―140°E);垂直分布大多在海拔500m以上,少数地区可降至海拔200m,日本分布区海拔要低于中国。2)乌冈栎现代分布区可分为中国东部分布区、中国南部分布区、中国西部分布区、中国西南部分布区和日本分布区,而中国东部分布区是目前的分布中心。3)利用壳斗科化石资料,对乌冈栎起源演化及散布途径作了推断,对其起源时间、传播路线等进行了讨论。4)第三纪及第四纪气候的演变对乌冈栎现代地理分布格局有着重大影响,为适应气候变化,其形态特征与常绿硬叶栎类中的高山栎类植物有一定差别,并逐渐退出了高山分布的地理位置。乌冈栎是否传统观点认为的冬青栎东亚替代种还有待于进一步商榷。     

成都东郊台地晚更新世Q_3~2黏土成因分析

成都黏土的成因一直以来以风成学说占主要地位,通过对成都东郊台地典型的成都黏土的发育特征、粒度成分、石英颗粒微结构形态进行分析,得到以下结论:成都黏土的地理分布与风成地貌不符;粒度分析显示,占据黏土组分三分之二的小于0.01mm的成都黏土颗粒不满足风力携带的条件,具有流水搬运的特征。钙质结核的淋滤程度和分布形式反应了成都黏土发育时期的湿润条件,非干燥炎热气候;对化学元素分析,表明成都黏土与西北黄土化学元素的含量与其地域矿产分布相关,成都黏土与西北黄土非同一物源。     

In-situ Moissanite in Dunite: Deep Mantle Origin of Mantle Peridotite in Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet

We report the discovery of an in-situ natural moissanite as an inclusion in the Cr-spinel from the dunite envelope of a chromitite deposit in Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet. The moissanite occurs as a twin crystal interpenetrated by two quadrilateral signal crystals with sizes of 17 μm× 10 μm and 20 μm× 7 μm, respectively. The moissanite is green with parallel extinction. The absorption peaks in its Raman spectra are at 967-971 cm-1, 787-788 cm-1, and 766 cm-1. The absorption peaks in the infrared spectra are at 696 cm-1, 767 cm-1, 1450 cm-1, and 1551 cm-1, which are distinctly different from the peaks for synthetic silicon carbide. Moissanites have been documented to form in ultra-high pressure, high temperature, and extremely low fO2 environments and their 13C-depleted compositions indicate a lower mantle origin. Combined with previous studies about other ultra-high pressure and highly reduced minerals in Luobusa ophiolite, the in-situ natural moissanite we found indicates a deep mantle origin of some materials in the mantle sequence of Luobusa ophiolite. Further, we proposed a transformation model to explain the transfer process of UHP materials from the deep mantle to ophiolite sequence and then to the supra-subduction zone environment. Interactions between the crown of the mantle plume and mid-ocean ridge are suggested to be the dominant mechanism.     

Seagull Lake, Western Eyre Peninsula, South Australia: A Saline Lake to Benefit from Climate Change? Geomorphology, Invertebrates, Birds and the Future

正Seagull Lake is an unusual saline lake,having a marine spring connected to a large continental ecosystem.With climate change the balance between the two is likely to change.This lake originated about 6000 years ago as a     

北京温榆河的成因

温榆河是北京平原北部一条重要的河流。温榆河两岸地质背景复杂,地质灾害严重。地质调查表明,温榆河的形成与演化与南口—孙河断裂密切相关,受该断裂的严格控制。经钻探发现,温榆河南口至百善一带最早的新生代沉积物产生于早更新世。说明温榆河的形成时间应是早更新世早期。温榆河在温榆河河谷内不断迁移,受断裂控制河床的迁移被限制在南口—孙河断裂的下降盘一侧。在南口至马池口一带因南口—孙河断裂上盘下降,形成了深达数百米的凹陷,沉积了巨厚的松散沉积物。在凹陷范围内长期存在一个湖泊,温榆河是该湖泊的泄水通道。在昌平区冷泉、辛庄、高里掌和辛力屯一带的广大地区,发现地下几米处见有含螺贝壳的泥炭层,似层状多层、延伸连续,厚度稳定可达数米。经测定,泥炭层底部14C年龄(9930±150)a,顶部泥炭层14C年龄约3 ka。说明该湖泊10 ka前湖水较浅,适合水生植物生长,随后湖水逐渐消退。湖水的完全消失距今不到3 ka的时间。说明温榆河的形成时代虽然很久远,但是河道不断变迁,今天温榆河的面貌还是很年轻的。     

Secular light curves of comets, II: 133P/Elst-Pizarro, an asteroidal belt comet

We present the secular light curve (SLC) of 133P/Elst-Pizarro, and show ample and sufficient evidence to conclude that it is evolving into a dormant phase. The SLC provides a great deal of information to characterize the object, the most important being that it exhibits outburst-like activity without a corresponding detectable coma. 133P will return to perihelion in July of 2007 when some of our findings may be corroborated. The most significant findings of this investigation are: (1) We have compiled from 127 literature references, extensive databases of visual colors (37 comets), rotational periods and peak-to-valley amplitudes (64 comets). 2-Dimensional plots are created from these databases, which show that comets do not lie on a linear trend but in well defined areas of these phase spaces. When 133P is plotted in the above diagrams, its location is entirely compatible with those of comets. (2) A positive correlation is found between cometary rotational periods and diameters. One possible interpretation suggest the existence of rotational evolution predicted by several theoretical models. (3) A plot of the historical evolution of cometary nuclei density estimates shows no trend with time, suggesting that perhaps a consensus is being reached. We also find a mean bulk density for comets of 〈ρ〉=0.52±0.06 g/cm³. This value includes the recently determined spacecraft density of Comet 9P/Tempel 1, derived by the Deep Impact team. (4) We have derived values for over 18 physical parameters, listed in the SLC plots, Figs. 6-9. (5) The secular light curve of 133P/Elst-Pizarro exhibits a single outburst starting at +42±4 d (after perihelion), peaking at LAG=+155±10 d, duration 191±11 d, and amplitude 2.3±0.2 mag. These properties are compatible with those of other low activity comets. (6) To explain the large time delay in maximum brightness, LAG, two hypothesis are advanced: (a) the existence of a deep ice layer that the thermal wave has to reach before sublimation is possible, or (b) the existence of a sharp polar active region pointing to the Sun at time = LAG, that may take the form of a polar ice cap, a polar fissure or even a polar crater. The diameter of this zone is calculated at ∼1.8 km. (7) A new time-age is defined and it its found that T-AGE = 80 cy for 133P, a moderately old comet. (8) We propose that the object has its origin in the main belt of asteroids, thus being an asteroid-comet hybrid transition object, an asteroidal belt comet (ABC), proven by its large density. (9) Concerning the final evolutionary state of this object, to be a truly extinct comet the radius must be less than the thermal wave depth, which at 1 AU is ∼250 m (at the perihelion distance of 133P the thermal wave penetrates only ∼130 m). Comets with radius larger than this value cannot become extinct but dormant. Thus we conclude that 133P cannot evolve into a truly extinct comet because it has too large a diameter. Instead it is shown to be entering a dormant phase. (10) We predict the existence of truly extinct comets in the main belt of asteroids (MBA) beginning at absolute magnitude ∼21.5 (diameter smaller than ∼190 m). (11) The object demonstrates that a comet may have an outburst of ∼2.3 mag, and not show any detectable coma. (12) Departure from a photometric R⁺² law is a more sensitive method (by a factor of 10) to detect activity than star profile fitting or spectroscopy. (13) Sufficient evidence is presented to conclude that 133P is the first member of a new class of objects, an old asteroidal belt comet, ABC, entering a dormant phase.     

Infrared Observations Of Dust Emission From Comet Hale-Bopp

We present infrared imaging and photometry of the bright, giant comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). The comet was observed in an extended infrared and optical observing campaign in 1996–1997. The infrared morphology of the comet was observed to change from the 6 to 8 jet “porcupine” structure in 1996 to the “pinwheel” structure seen in 1997; this has implications for the position of the rotational angular momentum vector. Long term light curves taken at 11.3 μm indicate a dust production rate that varies with heliocentric distance as ∶ r^−1.4. Short term light curves taken at perihelion indicate a rotational periodicity of 11.3 hours and a projected dust outflow speed of ∶ 0.4 km s⁻¹. The spectral energy distribution of the dust on October 31, 1996 is well modeled by a mixture of 70% silicaceous and 30% carbonaceous non-porous grains, with a small particle dominated size distribution like that seen for comet P/Halley (McDonnell et al., 1991), an overall dust production rate of 2 × 10⁵ kg s⁻¹, a dust-to-gas ratio of ∶5, and an albedo of 39%. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.