2018年全球发现的新矿物种

在系统梳理2018年度全球发现并经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物分类命名专业委员会(CNMNC)批准的128个新矿物种资料的基础上,从矿物名称、晶体化学式、晶系和空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产地与产状、与其他矿物种的关系、矿物名称来源、化学反应和光谱学特征等方面归纳总结了这些新矿物的重要矿物学特征。并按照中国新矿物及矿物命名专业委员会颁布的《矿物种汉名审订条例》,对128个新矿物种的中文名称进行了审订。通过适时公布国际新矿物工作的新进展和新成果,并逐步完善和规范矿物种中文译名体系,为我国新矿物的发现和研究提供有科学价值的参考和借鉴,并不断推动矿物种中文译名规范化与标准化的进程。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部低渗近致密—致密砂岩气成因、来源及运聚成藏

以东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部西斜坡平湖组中下段及宝石组和西次凹花港组下段两个靶区为例,基于钻测资料结合激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和扫描电镜等技术对目前低渗近致密—致密砂岩气层的宏观分布和储层微观特征进行了描述。利用气样稳定碳同位素组成、组分及轻烃分析成果,使用盆地模拟和流体包裹体技术,结合构造-沉积地质背景,对西斜坡和西次凹低渗近致密—致密砂岩气成因、气源和运聚成藏机制进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:两个区带已钻遇的近致密—致密砂岩气主要为煤型气。西次凹致密气主要来源于本地平湖组煤系源岩,因暗色泥岩有少量的腐泥母质,可能有少量油型气存在;此外部分天然气还有本地花港组下段煤系源岩微量影响;西次凹生成的成熟后期—高成熟天然气于3.9~0Ma借助断裂大规模垂向运聚成藏,具有近源、晚期、一次成藏机制;西斜坡近致密气充注时期为2.8~0Ma,近致密气可分为两类,一类来自本地平湖组煤系烃源岩的成熟中期天然气,于晚期充注成藏,另一类来源于异地西次凹平湖组煤系烃源岩的成熟后期—高成熟气,也于相近时期,通过断裂与三角洲前缘砂坝构成的阶梯状运移通道大规模充注西斜坡储层,具有"远近双源"、晚期、一次成藏机制。     

Geochemical characterisation of the Xiagou Formation carbonate-bearing mudstone in southwestern Jiuquan Basin,China: implications for paleo-environment reconstruction and the origin of organic matter

Since the Xiagou Formation was confirmed to be the primary source rock of the crude oil discovered in the Yumen oilfield, geologists have performed many studies on the sedimentology of the formation, source rock evaluation and migration, as well as petroleum accumulation. In this study, the carbonate-bearing mudstones were investigated using synthetic organic and inorganic geochemical analyses to reconstruct the paleo-environment and study the origin of organic matter during deposition in correlation with organic matter enrichment. The analysed samples have total organic carbon (TOC) and S₁ + S₂ values in the range of 0.20–3.39 wt% and 0.07–19.50%, respectively, which indicate fair to good hydrocarbon potential. Biomarker studies on the pyrolysis data of the samples suggest that the predominant origin of the organic matter is terrigenous high plants with partial aquatic algae and micro-organisms, primarily oil- and gas-prone. The trace elements P and Ba are considered to be the main proxies for paleoproductivity, and values for the two elements hosted in samples range from 48 to 1724 ppm (a mean of 658 ppm) and from 322 to 1701 ppm (a mean of 550.34 ppm), respectively, which indicates that the sediments in the Xiagou Formation have high paleoproductivity. Additionally, organic geochemical studies reveal that the sediments were deposited in a lacustrine environment with brackish water (low C₃₁-22R-homohopane/C₃₀-hopane ratios; moderate gammacerane and β-carotane), which is consistent with the medium degree of the Sr/Ba ratio, which ranges from 0.22 to 1.42 (a mean of 0.64). Furthermore, the wide range of Cu/Zn and Rb contents are important indicators of a suboxic to relatively anoxic paleoredox condition. This outcome is consistent with the biomarker parameter Pr/Ph, which ranges from 0.05 to 1.37. Moreover, the major oxides and trace elements [high Fe/Mn, low Mg/Ca, low CIA and the plot of SiO₂ vs (Al₂O₃ + K₂O + Na₂O)] also indicate that the sedimentary paleoclimate was semiarid to arid. Lack of correlation between TOC content and paleo-environment (suboxic, brackish and semiarid) or productivity indicators indicates that the accumulation of organic matter was controlled by combined action, rather than a single factor, such as redox condition or productivity.     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层致密成因

运用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及恒速压汞等实验手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段储层特征进行研究,并以孔隙演化过程为线索分析了储层致密成因。研究结果表明:盒8段储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高,储层物性差;砂岩分选性好,初始孔隙度整体较高,平均可达34.7%;受岩石组分、埋深及煤系烃源岩酸性流体的影响,压实作用强烈,破坏了大约20.4%的原生孔隙度,胶结作用破坏了其余13.9%的原生孔隙度,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽;早期溶蚀产生的孔隙被压实作用破坏,而晚期溶蚀作用较弱,仅增加了大约3.4%的次生孔隙度,难以大幅度改善储层物性。因此,成岩期原生孔隙被破坏殆尽及次生孔隙形成较少共同导致该区储层致密。     

Elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic compositional disparity of riverine sediments around the Yellow Sea: Constraints from grain-size and chemical partitioning

To obtain a better understanding of the source compositions of the river sediments around the Yellow Sea and their relationship with source rocks, elements and strontium-neodymium (Sr–Nd) isotopes of different grain-sizes (silt and clay populations) and chemical (labile and residual phases) fractionations in riverine sediments were studied extensively. These results clearly revealed a systematic compositional disparity between Korean river (KR) and Chinese river (CR) sediments, especially in the residual (detrital) fraction. The geochemical dissimilarity between these might reflect inherited signatures of their source rocks but with minor control from chemical weathering. In particular, the remarkable enrichment of some elements (iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)) and the behavior of large ion lithophile elements (e.g., barium (Ba), potassium (K) and Sr) during weathering as well as less-radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions implies that CR sediments might be weathering products of relatively more mafic rocks, with abundant ferromagnesian and plagioclase feldspar minerals, compared with KR sediments derived from silicic granites with relatively higher quartz and potassium feldspar contents. This different petrological rationale is clearly evident in an A–CN–K diagram, which estimated the source rock of CR sediments as granodioritic, a composition that reflects accurately the average composition of weathered continental crust in China. The recognition of such geochemical systematics in two river sediments, especially in grain-size and chemically partitioned data, may contribute to the establishment of provenance tracers for the Yellow Sea and East China Sea sediments with multi-sources as well the dust deposition in the western Pacific.     

白令海北部表层沉积物中的生源组分分布特征及其古海洋学意义

对中国首次和第3次北极科学考察在白令海北部所采取的29个表层沉积物中的TOC、生源Opal和CaCO3含量等进行了研究,结果发现,TOC的高值出现在外陆架至中陆架区,其次为海盆区,白令海峡至内陆架最低;Opal的高值出现在海盆至陆坡边缘区,其次为外陆架至中陆架,白令海峡至内陆架最低;CaCO3的高值出现在内陆架至中陆架...     

Genesis for Rare Earth Elements Enrichment in the Permian Manganese Deposits in Zunyi,Guizhou Province,SW China

The Zunyi manganese deposits, which formed during the Middle to Late Permian period and are located in northern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are the core area of a series of large-medium scale manganese enrichment minerogenesis in the southern margin and interior of the Yangtze platform, Southern China. This study reports the universal enrichment of rare earth elements(REEs) in Zunyi manganese deposits and examines the enrichment characteristics, metallogenic environment and genesis of REEs. The manganese ore bodies present stratiform or stratoid in shape, hosted in the silicon–mud–limestones of the Late Permian Maokou Formation. The manganese ores generally present lamellar, massive, banded and brecciated structures, and mainly consist of rhodochrosite, ropperite, tetalite, capillitite, as well as contains paragenetic gangue minerals including pyrite, chalcopyrite, rutile, barite, tuffaceous clay rock, etc. The manganese ores have higher ΣREE contents range from 158 to 1138.9 ppm(average 509.54 ppm). In addition, the ΣREE contents of tuffaceous clay rock in ore beds vary from 1032.2 to 1824.5 ppm(average 1396.42 ppm). The REEs from manganese deposits are characterized by La, Ce, Nd and Y enriched, and existing in the form of independent minerals(e.g., monazite and xenotime), indicating Zunyi manganese deposits enriched in light rare earth elements(LREE). The Ce_(anom) ratios(average-0.13) and lithofacies and paleogeography characteristics indicate that Zunyi manganese deposits were formed in a weak oxidation-reduction environment. The(La/Yb)_(ch), Y/Ho,(La/Nd)_N,(Dy/Yb)_N, Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* values of samples from the Zunyi manganese deposits are 5.53–56.92, 18–39, 1.42–3.15, 0.55–2.20, 0.21–1.76 and 0.48–0.86, respectively, indicating a hydrothermal origin for the manganese mineralization and REEs enrichment. The δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)(-0.54 to-18.1‰) and δ~(18) O_(SMOW)(21.6 to 26.0‰) characteristics of manganese ores reveal a mixed source of magmatic and organic matter. Moreover, the manganese ore, tuffaceous clay rock and Emeishan basalt have extremely similar REE fractionation characteristic, suggesting REEs enrichment and manganese mineralization have been mainly origin from hydrothermal fluids.     

天然气水合物的研究进展

天然气水合物是当今世界油气地质勘探家研究的热点,其能源价值、勘探技术和潜在的环境问题越来越受到科技、能源以及环保部门的关注。该文对天然气水合物的结构、特点、成因、分布以及可能引发的环境问题进行了综述,较详细地介绍了国内外的研究概况。     

滇东北伴(共)生锗矿地质特征及成因探讨

长期以来,习惯上将伴(共)生锗矿的成因,归属于主金属矿的成因。代表性的会泽矿其主流派的成因认识是沉积一改造成因,而且是与岩浆岩无关的改造作用。通过对滇东北伴(共)生锗与酸性岩有关的地质特性、另一组与酸性岩有关的伴生元素的存在和深受二次矿化叠加富矿存在的事实的分析与研究,认为会泽矿深部存在尚未被揭露的与晚期主要叠加矿化有关的酸性岩体。提出早期的火山热液与晚期岩浆热液复式成矿的新观点。合理解释了在相关准地台构造单调,地表又无岩浆岩的会泽地区会产出一个超大型富锗-铅锌矿床的根本原因。     

川西卡拉地区晚古生代硅质岩成因及沉积环境

为了研究川西卡拉地区晚古生代沉积环境特征,以该地区下石炭统邛依组和上二叠统卡翁沟组中广泛分布的硅质岩为研究对象,开展了岩石学、地球化学特征等研究。结果表明: 研究区古生代硅质岩属纯硅质岩范畴,在沉积过程中有持续的陆源物质供给; Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)平均值0.62,结合Al-Fe-Mn三角图解,显示它们为生物成因硅质岩; Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃)、Th/U、Th/Sc、(La/Ce)_N、(La/Yb)_N等特征比值以及构造环境判别图,反映出硅质岩沉积环境为大陆边缘的浅海-斜坡; Ce_anom值为-0.04~0.07,从石炭纪—二叠纪逐渐增大,指示水体为缺氧环境,且还原性逐渐增强。结合区域地质演化,认为甘孜理塘洋在石炭纪时期已经打开,并在二叠纪时期持续扩张,区内沉积盆地的海水逐渐变深。