地裂缝的成因,几何形态与空间分布

本文重点论述了构造地裂隙的成因,形态特征,空间分布规律及其与活动构造的关系。对非构造成因的地裂缝也作了简单的论述。并提出了研究地裂的目的是为预防地质灾害服务,在预防方面尽量采取避让的措施。     

新疆西准噶尔金矿类型及找矿方向

新疆西准噶尔金矿属岩浆期后热液石英脉型金矿。从有利于找矿角度出发,根据含金石英脉所产出的条件不同,可划分为六种类型。其中以产于玄武岩中及产于中酸性侵入岩接触带附近的含金石英脉意义较大。中酸性侵入岩接触带附近及断裂破碎带是成矿最有利部位,因此是今后找矿的主要地段。而已知矿床的深部及其外围找矿的潜力极大,重要矿带上发现新矿床、寻找新类型的可能性也是极大的。     

清镇顽火辉石球粒陨石的矿物学特征及其成因

清镇陨石以具有高度还原的矿物组合为特征。普通球粒陨石和碳质球粒陨石中的亲石元素在顽火辉石球粒陨石内显示亲铜或亲铁的性质。在该陨石中发现的矿物有陨硫钙石。硫镁矿、钾的硫化物——硫铜钾矿,含Si的铁纹石及Ni的硅化物——硅磷镍矿等。顽火辉石和斜顽火辉石具有低的FeO含量,其FeO/(FeO+MgO)比值范围为0.004—0.01。在未完全熔融的球粒中发现具尘粒状贫Ni金届包裹体的残余橄榄石颗粒。本文首次报道陨石中含Ga的闪锌矿和发现陨石中稀少的碱硅镁柱石。金属-硫化物组合显示再加热和熔融的结构特征,金属发生硫化作用并被硫化物所取代。清镇陨石(EH_3)的化学成分与EH_(4,5)球粒陨石很相似,其La/Sm比值比平均EL高,Co/Ni则比EL低。清镇陨石的形成部位比任何其他球粒陨石群更靠近太阳,可能形成于水星-金星区。     

贵东花岗岩体中煌斑岩的成因

本文主要从大地构造环境、煌斑岩的空间分布及其硫同位素、微量元素和稀土元素组成等方面,探讨贵东花岗岩体中煌斑岩的成因.结果表明,煌斑岩与周围的壳型花岗岩不同源,形成煌斑岩的原始岩浆,应为幔源大陆拉斑玄武岩浆。     

中国吉林等地一些陨石的化学成分特征

本文讨论了11颗陨石的微量元素变化特征和相关关系,稀土元素的分配模式,铁陨石化学群的划分,以及玻璃陨石所属化学群。     

Petrologic and Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Gusui Cherts,Guangdong Province,China

The characteristic structures of the Precambrian cherts from the Gusui section, Guangdong ,Chi-na, include bedded structure ,laminated structure ,massive structure and pseudobrecciated structure.The chert is characterized by consistently low abundance of TiO2,Al2O3 and most trace elements.Howevver ,it is enriched in Ba,As,Sb,Hg and Se.In Al-Fe-Mn ternary diagrams,it falls into the “hydrothermal field“ .Correspondence analysis and factor analysis show that many elements show up in the factor that represents the leaching of country rocks by hydrothermal solutions,and are the very characteristic element association fo the geochemically anomalous South China basement.Petrologic and geochemical evidence suggests a hydrothermal origin for the chert.The chert may have been formed in a Precambrian fift or an extension zone developed within the Yunkai marginal geosyncline, with a fault system linking it to an unknown heat source at depth.     

Variable190Os/184Os ratio in acid residues of iron meteorites

In residual materials obtained on dissolution of iron meteorites in 2M H₂SO₄, the ratio of¹⁹⁰Os/¹⁸⁴Os has been measured by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Most residues have a normal isotopic ratio (to within ±2%). However, in some residues both positive and negative deviations in the isotopic ratio are seen. The most spectacular deviations are in the insoluble fragments (nuggets) from Sikhote Alin iron meteorite where the¹⁹⁰Os/¹⁸⁴Os ratio is about 50% of the normal value. The new results confirm our earlier observations that iron meteorites contain pre-solar grains.     

The origin and fate of 4-methyl steroids—II. Dehydration of stanols and occurrence of c30 4-methyl steranes

Certain features of the distributions of sedimentary 4-methyl steroid hydrocarbons have been investigated: (i) competitive dehydration experiments with stanols adsorbed on a shale suggests a possible explanation for the low abundance of 4-methyl sterenes relative to their desmethyl counterparts in immature sediments, (ii) a 4-methyl spirostene which is a minor product of the backbone rearrangement of 4-methylcholest-4-ene in the laboratory has been tentatively assigned; its presence in a Toarcian black shale with a second isomer provides further evidence that the sedimentary backbone rearrangement of 4-methyl sterenes is analogous to that of their desmethyl counterparts and (iii) the major C₃₀ 4-methyl steranes in Semécourt shale (Toarcian, Paris Basin) differ from those in an Eocene lacustrine shale from China; this indicates the potential complexity of C₃₀ steroidal alkanes (both 4-methyl and desmethyl) which can occur in sedimentary organic matter and shows that care must be taken in using m/z 217 mass chromatograms alone for routine input and maturity assessment using steroidal alkanes.     

女山中更新世碧玄岩岩浆的起源和演化

产于大陆板内环境的女山中更新世碧玄质火山岩及其所含幔源二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的研究结果揭示，在裂谷作用初始阶段，由于软流圈地幔柱上隆减压，造成深部溶解于地幔橄榄岩高压固体矿物相中的挥发组分出溶，这些出溶的初始地幔流体相在一定部位聚集，于３０Ｍａ前，大约３７ｋｍ之下，在地幔橄榄岩中诱发同步的部分熔融和交代作用，并相应产生原生碧玄质岩浆。后者上升速度较快，既未经历壳内高位岩浆房贮集，也没有遭受大陆地壳混染，只是在输送往地表的途中伴随结晶分离作用，发生一定程度演化。     

Origin of Ca in South Indian calcretes developed on metamorphic rocks

Calcrete profiles developed on Precambrian silicate rocks in south peninsular India are studied and compared in terms of mineralogical, chemical and isotopic composition. The aim of this study is to determine the origin of calcium and the processes governing the development of a minor economic deposit in different geomorphic settings. The investigation integrates observations from an outcrop to a microfabric scale and reveals that the origin of calcium is local and linked with the weathering of the minerals of the surrounding rocks. The CaCO₃ precipitation occurs after vertical and lateral translocation in the slope system.