南海潜在天然气水合物藏的成因及形成模式初探

文章分析了南海部分地区浅表层沉积物酸脱氢烃类气体的组成及ODP184航次部分岩屑样品罐顶气的组成与同位素特征,总结了南海部分气苗的烃类气体与同位素组成特征,并根据它们的同位素值估算了这些气体源的深度。估算值与实际值较吻合。在此基础上对这些烃类气体的成因进行了判别,结果为：北部陆坡的烃类主要来源于深部的裂解气,可能还有浅部生物气的混合,南部陆坡的烃类主要以浅部的生物气为主,还有热解气的混合。文中还对南海潜在天然气水合物藏的形成模式进行了初步的探讨。这些认识将有助于对南海天然气水合物的形成过程及同一构造背景下油气藏的关系的理解,对今后的普查勘探具有一定的意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层致密成因

运用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及恒速压汞等实验手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段储层特征进行研究,并以孔隙演化过程为线索分析了储层致密成因。研究结果表明:盒8段储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高,储层物性差;砂岩分选性好,初始孔隙度整体较高,平均可达34.7%;受岩石组分、埋深及煤系烃源岩酸性流体的影响,压实作用强烈,破坏了大约20.4%的原生孔隙度,胶结作用破坏了其余13.9%的原生孔隙度,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽;早期溶蚀产生的孔隙被压实作用破坏,而晚期溶蚀作用较弱,仅增加了大约3.4%的次生孔隙度,难以大幅度改善储层物性。因此,成岩期原生孔隙被破坏殆尽及次生孔隙形成较少共同导致该区储层致密。     

四川省九龙县里伍铜田成矿物质来源探讨

本文通过氢氧同位素、硫同位素及微量元素的测试分析,结合矿田地质背景对成矿物质来源进行了分析,认为里伍铜矿田成矿物质主要与燕山期＂S＂型花岗岩的侵入作用有关。在岩浆侵入过程中,由于热作用的驱动,岩浆热液携带部分成矿物质,沿一定的通道上升或运移,并不断与围岩发生物质的带出和带入,成矿流体是以岩浆热液为主的多组份的热液体系。     

Ecological performance and possible origin of a ubiquitous but under-studied gastropod

Invasions by non-indigenous species (NIS) have been suggested to alter local, regional and global biota on unprecedented scales. To manage NIS, it is pivotal to identify whether a species is introduced or native, but even today the geographical origin of thousands of species worldwide remain uncertain. Most of these ‘cryptogenic species’ are inconspicuous and rare, but in a few instances, they can also be abundant and conspicuous species, with large impacts on community structure. The identification of cryptogenic species, and summarizing information on their most likely origin, is an important task in invasion biology, and can highlight the need for research and management. Here, we document that the gastropod Batillaria australis in the Swan River estuary (Perth, Western Australia) is a conspicuous species of uncertain origin. A literature review combined with new survey data revealed that all evidence point to a recent human-mediated transfer; for example, it is absent from the fossil record, was first collected in 1954, has a low parasite diversity, has increased its population size dramatically in recent times, is separated by >3000 km from conspecifics, has no long-distance dispersal mechanisms, and existing ocean currents run against a natural range extension. Surprisingly, despite political and scientific focus on NIS hardly any ecological data have been published on this species from Western Australia. We show that B. australis is highly abundant in both seagrass beds (424 ± 29 ind m⁻²) and on unvegetated sand flats (92 ± 22 ind m⁻²) being orders of magnitudes more abundant than any native gastropod in the Swan River. Experiments showed that high resistance to predation and environmental stress potentially explains its success. From our survey data, we calculated that >3.6 billion invasive snails today occupy the Swan River. This large snail populations support other organisms; for example, almost 1 billion macroalgae are found attached to living B. australis and >100 million hermit crabs occupy its empty shells. Given Battilaria’s high abundance, wide distribution, large size, persistent shells that support other organisms and bioturbating behavior, it seems inescapable that this potential invader has impacted the ecosystem functioning of the Swan River. We argue that the search for abundant species of uncertain origin should continue, and that these species generally should be treated with the same interest as high status invaders to mitigate impacts in already invaded systems and to avoid secondary spread into neighboring ecosystems.     

新疆预须开普台铁铜矿床成因探讨

根据矿床地质地球化学等方面的研究，认为该矿床成矿物质来源于深部地壳或上地幔；通过海底火山同流作用，在酸性相对还原的热学沉积盆地中沉积成矿。成矿流体来源岩浆水，并有海水混入。红碧玉、重晶石等具有喷流岩的特征。矿床成因属于海底火山喷流一热水沉积矿床。     

山东省东平汶上地区铁矿矿床成因探讨

山东省东平-汶上铁矿成矿带是鲁西重要的成矿带,区内已发现李官集、彭集等多个大中型铁矿床,探明了铁矿石资源量超过12亿t。通过收集东平-汶上地区基础地质调查、区域重磁、矿产勘查、科研成果等资料,分析了区内地层、构造、岩浆岩及区域航磁异常特征、重力异常特征与铁矿床的对应耦合关系,提出了矿床的3个控矿因素:即控矿地层(泰山岩群雁翎关组、山草峪组,地层控矿专属性)、控矿构造(同斜复式背斜构造)、控矿岩浆岩(改造和破坏了铁矿带的完整性),通过对成矿区带样品采集测试,分别从主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素、原岩恢复、变质岩构造背景等方面进行系统分析对比,探讨了该区铁矿床为海相岛弧火山——沉积变质成因。     

基于新参考系的极移改正

本文利用IAU2000决议中关于CIP的定义阐述了极移坐标系和极移坐标的定义,在总结微分旋转矩阵的性质的基础上给出了极移旋转矩阵的详细推导,结合极移产生的主要原因,详细介绍了目前国际上关于极移模型化工作的最新进展,最后给出了获取极移坐标和TIO位置的方法和途径。     

山东招远界河金矿成因探讨

山东招远界河金矿石英包裹体、氧同位素、硫同位素等方面的研究表明，该矿床的成矿温度为２００～３４２℃、ｐＨ值为７．０８～７．１３、Ｅｈ为－６．１～－６．２Ｖ、δｓ￣（３４）来源于太古代胶东群和燕山期郭家岭花岗闪长岩，成矿热液主要为岩浆热液，有天水加入，矿床成因为中低温热液矿床。     

泰山风景名胜区崩塌灾害现状及防治对策

泰山风景名胜区崩塌灾害较多,主要在中低山区及丘陵区的公路切坡段,以小二型为主,次为小一型,已造成较大经济损失和人员伤亡。崩塌的形成取决于构造、地形条件,受暴风雨、地震、人类活动等因素影响,构造复合部位的陡崖更易发生崩塌。崩塌产生的内因是陡峭山体中存在结构面外倾的岩体或块石,外因是暴雨等外力活动的诱发,内外因在特定条件下的结合是易发区内崩塌产生的主要原因。根据崩塌隐患区的不同特征,可分别采取锚固、注浆、平垌、生态工程、避让等措施防治。     

加拿大阿尔伯达省西部上泥盆统凯恩组白云岩的成因

加拿大阿尔伯达省西部上泥盆统凯恩组主要由粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩组成，另外还常见一种充填溶蚀孔洞的亮晶白云石。粉晶白云岩纹理、泥裂和鸟眼等构造发育，其δ＾１３Ｃ为＋１．０‰－＋３．０‰，δ＾１８Ｏ为－６．０‰－－４．３‰，为潮坪上混合水白云化形成。细晶白云岩分布于假整合面之下，其δ＾１３Ｃ为＋０．２‰－＋２．９‰，δ＾１８Ｏ为－６．９‰－－４．６‰，也是混合水白云化的产物。亮晶白云石洁净明亮、晶粒粗