钒钛磁铁矿床的透岩浆流体成矿模型——来自马达加斯加扎卡岩体的证据

目前,国内外学术界对赋存于镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中的钒钛磁铁矿床的成因存在多种不同的解释,在一定程度上对这类矿床的资源勘查造成了困惑。因此,阐明镁铁-超镁铁侵入体中成矿物质大规模聚集的机理依然是矿床学界和勘查学界面临的重要科学前缘问题。马达加斯加中北部Alaotra湖地区的扎卡岩体是一个赋存有超大型钒钛磁铁矿床的典型镁铁质层状侵入体,已探明铁矿石远景资源量8亿t(含333),伴生钛6000万t,伴生钒230万t,为阐明钒钛磁铁矿床的成因提供了良好的条件。本文报道了扎卡岩体的地质学、矿体地质学、岩相学、矿相学和岩石地球化学特征,主要得出以下认识:(1)扎卡岩体发育韵律性火成层理,为一个典型的镁铁质层状岩体,但伟晶岩可构成独立的侵入单元;(2)矿体主要赋存在层状岩体中,可划分为整合型、不整合型和伟晶岩型等3种不同的类型;(3)辉长岩具有橄榄石→斜长石→单斜辉石或橄榄石→斜长石+单斜辉石的结晶顺序,暗示扎卡岩体为一浅成层状岩体,岩浆侵位深度约3 km;(4)矿石矿物与硅酸盐矿物呈热力学不平衡关系,且与含水暗色矿物平衡共生,暗示成矿作用发生在岩浆演化晚期的富含挥发分环境;(5)致密块状铁矿石的REE四分组效应也表明成矿过程伴随着富F、Cl等组分的流体活动。据此,本文提出扎卡岩体中钒钛磁铁矿床的形成与透岩浆流体过程有关。     

Geochronology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the granites, enclaves, and dikes in the Karamay area, NW China: Insights into late Carboniferous crustal growth of West Junggar

New whole-rock major and trace elements,and zircon U-Pb and Hf-Nd isotope compositions are reported for the Karamay dikes,enclaves,and host granites in the West Junggar,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating of the Karamay pluton yields an age of 300.7 ± 2.3 Ma for the enclave and 300.0 ± 2.6 Ma for the host granite,which was intruded by dike with an age of 298 Ma.The host granites exhibit relatively low SiO_2 contents and A/CNK and Ga/Al ratios,low initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.703421—0.703526) and positive εHf(t)(5.5—14.1) and εNd(t)(7.3—8.1) values with a young model age,suggesting that they are I-type granites and were mainly derived from a juvenile lower crustal source.The enclaves and dikes belong to an andesitic calc-alkaline series and have high MgO concentrations at low silica content and positive εNf(t)(7.6-13.2,14.2-14.9) and εNd(t)(6.8-8.3,~6.9) values.They are enriched in LILEs(Rb,Ba and U) and LREE and depleted in HFSEs(Nb and Ta) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies,indicating that the melts were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle modified by subducted oceanic crust-derived melts and minor fluids,followed by fractional crystallization.The Karamay host granites and enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and lithospheric mantle-derived magmas,and were intruded by the unmixed dikes subsequently.The upwelling mantle through a slab window in an island arc environment might have triggered partial melting of the lithospheric mantle and its subsequent interaction with the granitic magma,further suggesting that the ridge subduction played an important role in the crustal growth of West Junggar.     

Metamorphism of mineral matter in coal from the Bukit Asam deposit, south Sumatra, Indonesia

The coal of the Miocene Bukit Asam deposit in south Sumatra is mostly sub-bituminous in rank, consistent with regional trends due to burial processes. However, effects associated with Plio–Pleistocene igneous intrusions have produced coal with vitrinite reflectance up to at least 4.17% (anthracite) in different parts of the deposit. The un-metamorphosed to slightly metamorphosed coals, with Rv_max values of 0.45–0.65%, contain a mineral assemblage made up almost entirely of well-ordered kaolinite and quartz. The more strongly heat-affected coals, with Rv_max values of more than 1.0%, are dominated by irregularly and regularly interstratified illite/smectite, poorly crystallized kaolinite and paragonite (Na mica), with chlorite in some of the anthracite materials. Kaolinite is abundant in the partings of the lower-rank coals, but is absent from the partings in the higher-rank areas, even at similar horizons in the same coal seam. Regularly interstratified illite/smectite, which is totally absent from the partings in the lower-rank coals, dominates the mineralogy in the partings associated with the higher-rank coal beds. A number of reactions involving the alteration of silicate minerals appear to have occurred in both the coal and the associated non-coal lithologies during the thermal metamorphism generated by the intrusions. The most prominent involve the disappearance of kaolinite, the appearance of irregularly interstratified illite/smectite, and the formation of regular I/S, paragonite and chlorite. Although regular I/S is identified in all of the non-coal partings associated with the higher-rank coals, illite/smectite with an ordered structure is only recognised in the coal samples collected from near the bases of the seams. The I/S in the coal samples adjacent to the floor of the highest rank seam also appears to have a greater proportion of illitic components. The availability of sodium and other non-mineral inorganic elements in the original coal to interact with the kaolinite, under different thermal and geochemical conditions, appears to be the significant factor in the formation of these new minerals, and distinguishes the mineralogical changes at Bukit Asam from those developed more generally with rank increases due to burial, and from the effects of intrusions into coals that were already at higher rank levels.     

北淮阳新元古代基性侵入岩年代学初步研究

大别造山带北部北淮阳褶皱带中分布少量变质变形基性侵入体,错石U-Pb研究的初步结果表明,它们的形成时代是新元古代（78±18Ma）,与北大别杂岩带中TTG片麻岩的形成时代一致。它们不仅形成时代与北大别杂岩带中基性-超基性岩不同,而且表现出与北大别杂岩带中基性侵入体不一致的主量元素地球化学信息。     

北秦岭西段奥陶纪红花铺岩体岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

红花铺岩体位于北秦岭造山带西段,侵位于奥陶纪草滩沟群之中,岩石类型主要为中细粒奥长花岗岩.岩石地球化学分析结果表明该岩体属弱过铝质钙碱性岩石系列,为I型花岗岩;轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,轻稀土元素略为富集,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式为右倾型,Eu异常不明显;主量、微量及稀土元素等相关的构造环境判别结果均显示其具典型的火山弧花岗岩特征,结合区域上与一套岛弧型火山岩(草滩沟群)共生的特点,分析红花铺岩体形成于俯冲带的岛弧环境.红花铺岩体已获得(450.5±1.8)Ma的单颗粒锆石U-Pb侵位年龄,属晚奥陶世,揭示北秦岭西段加里东期存在板块俯冲作用.     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段晚中生代侵入岩地球化学及其对岩石圈减薄的指示

本文报道了郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段晚中生代侵入岩的主量元素、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征。研究区侵入岩为一套铝和硅均过饱和的、准铝质向过铝质过渡的岩浆岩,具有富碱、富钾的特征,可根据侵位时间和地球化学特征将张八岭隆起南段侵入岩划分为四类:早期、中早期、中晚期和晚期。早期和中早期侵入岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),相对亏损重稀土元素(HREE),为一套埃达克质的钙碱性二长花岗岩,分别具有正Eu异常和无Eu异常;中晚期和晚期侵入岩富集LILE,亏损Ba、Sr,具有负的Eu异常,是一套碱性A型花岗岩。中晚期和晚期侵入岩与早期和中早期侵入岩相比,具有更低的CaO、MgO、Fe₂O^T₃、Al₂O₃、REE含量、(La/Yb)_N值和更高的Eu负异常和SiO₂含量。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征显示,张八岭隆起南段侵入岩岩浆主要来源于华北克拉通下地壳。早期岩浆包含少量的富集地幔端元,而晚期岩浆则为更浅的地壳源区。先期的埃达克质岩代表了该处岩石圈伸展活动的开始阶段,而后期的A型花岗岩则代表了岩石圈强烈伸展的时间。研究表明,岩浆侵位过程中没有经历明显的中、上地壳混染,岩浆源区经历了不同程度的部分熔融,并经历了分离结晶作用。随岩浆侵位时间的变化,岩浆源区的残留相明显不同,由早到晚从石榴子石到斜长石再向角闪石过渡,且岩浆源区逐渐变浅。岩浆演化规律暗示岩浆活动的深部动力学过程为:华北克拉通岩石圈底部的逐渐减薄造成了软流圈顶面抬升,导致岩石圈内热流升高,化学作用逐渐加强,从而出现了不同深度的下地壳源区部分熔融。与远离断裂带的克拉通内部相比,郯庐断裂带具有更强烈的岩石圈伸展程度、侵入岩具有更浅的岩浆源区、岩浆源区具有更强烈的演化程度和更高程度的部分熔融。一系列的证据进一步均证明郯庐断裂带是岩石圈减薄中的强减薄带。     

金平地区二叠纪玄武岩与铜镍矿成因关系初探

金平地区玄武岩分布于扬子克拉通西南缘哀牢山深大断裂南西侧.文章通过对金平地区分布的二叠纪玄武岩、(超)镁铁质侵入岩及其共生铜镍矿矿石的岩石化学特征、微量元素及稀土元素特征等方面的研究,初步认为,金平地区玄武岩兼具洋中脊及大陆裂谷碱性-拉斑玄武岩特征,而镁铁质侵入岩兼具岛弧带和造山带的特征,并认为白马寨铜镍矿的(超)镁铁质侵入岩体及共生的矿床与玄武岩存在成因上的关系.     

Apatite fission‐track analysis of Cretaceous alkaline rocks of Ponta Grossa and Alto Paranaíba Arches,Brazil

This work presents fission‐track ages and thermal history modelling of apatite samples from two Brazilian alkaline formations: Alto Paranaíba and Ponta Grossa Arches. The apatite fission‐track ages obtained for Alto Paranaíba Arch agree with those determined by other radiometric dating methods presenting higher closure temperatures. The ages given by the fission‐track thermochronometer suggest that no strong tectonic event has occurred after Alto Paranaíba Formation during Upper Cretaceous. This event is also supported by thermal history modelling of this arch, which is characterized by fast cooling followed by residence at lower temperatures. On the other hand, apatite fission‐track ages from Ponta Grossa Arch are systematically lower than other radiometric ages, suggesting that at least one tectonic event occurred after Ponta Grossa Formation, around 130 Ma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅层侵入体泥岩变质带储集特征及发育模式—以江苏高邮凹陷北斜坡侵入体泥岩变质带为例

对江苏高邮凹陷北斜坡浅层侵入体泥岩变质带储集特征及发育模式开展的研究表明,泥岩变质带厚度与侵入体厚度呈正相关关系,按变质程度差异分为3个岩相带:角岩带、板岩带和变余泥岩带。其储集空间以各种成因的裂缝为主,物性变化受热接触变质作用控制,越靠近侵入体储层物性越好,即角岩带物性好于板岩带及变余泥岩带。岩浆侵入带来的高温高压、热流体活动及冷凝收缩作用是泥岩变质带储层发育的主要动力机制;侵入体上下变质带多呈非对称发育,上部变质带厚度及物性均优于下部变质带,这种非对称发育特征主要受控于高压热流体向上优势运移作用;其中上部角岩带为泥岩变质带相对优质储层发育部位。通过分析岩浆侵入与油气运聚的时空匹配关系认为泥岩变质带具有较大成藏潜力。     

东天山圪塔山口镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其对Ni-Cu成矿的指示

新疆新近发现的圪塔山口镍铜硫化物矿床位于东天山康古尔-黄山镍铜硫化物成矿带的东端。矿区包含4个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体均见镍铜硫化物矿化。本文利用SIMS锆石U-Pb法测得Ⅰ号矿化岩体辉长岩年龄为282.6±1.9Ma,不仅与东天山地区其它含Ni-Cu矿化的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成时代一致,而且与塔里木玄武岩、镁铁质岩墙及北山地区的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成时限相一致。其形成可能与造山后伸展背景下的地幔柱叠加作用有关。地球化学数据表明圪塔山口岩体具有高Mg特征,除2个辉长岩样品m/f值较低外,其余14个样品集中于2.73~5.05之间,属铁质超基性岩。岩石稀土元素配分模式为右倾式,轻、重稀土比2.64~3.39;含长角闪辉橄岩及部分含长角闪橄辉岩和含长橄辉岩δEu具正异常,可能与这3个岩相中存在斜长石的结晶有关。微量元素蛛网图表明岩石富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr,富集高场强元素U、Pb,亏损高场强元素Th、Nb等特征。主量元素SiO₂-（Na₂O+K₂O）与（FeO^T/MgO）-FeO^T图解、微量元素相关图及微量元素比值相关图说明圪塔山口岩体成岩物质为来源于亏损地幔的钙碱性玄武质岩浆,成岩作用以岩浆结晶分异为主导,并受到地壳的混染作用,具有较好的镍铜硫化物矿床成矿潜力。