航空重磁在山东齐河厚覆盖区圈定隐伏岩体的方法及效果

山东齐河地区被大面积巨厚的新生代地层覆盖,但富铁矿资源潜力大,隐伏岩体的圈定对于提高厚覆盖区基础地质研究程度和矿产勘查具有重要意义。通过航空重磁数据处理提高解释的准确性,利用航磁△T化极垂向一阶导数、归一化总水平导数垂向导数、航空重力剩余异常等实现隐伏岩体范围圈定,在研究区共圈定6处中基性岩体,并利用航磁切线法、航空重磁剖面联合反演,结合地面电法、钻孔等资料,获取隐伏岩体的顶面埋深,编制了李屯、潘店、大张岩体的顶面深度三维立体图。在厚覆盖区利用航空重磁并结合地面物探和钻探进行综合研究、圈定隐伏岩体,为今后该地区继续开展地质研究、找矿、钻探等提供了重要信息。     

湘东北中生代基性岩脉岩石地球化学特征

湘东北基性岩脉以 K2 O/ Na2 O<1,K2 O+Na2 O在 3.0 3～ 5 .5 7之间为特征 ,属陆内拉斑玄武岩系列 ,部分煌斑岩属于碱性系列。岩石富 L REE,δEu负异常不明显 ,其形成主要受软流圈地幔部分熔融作用制约。岩石微量元素总体上具有富集地幔 (EMII型 )洋岛玄武岩 (OIB)特征 ,富集 Nd,P,Cs,而 K,Rb,Sr,U,Th等富集程度不明显 ,Ta,Nb略有富集。湘东北的北部地区基性岩脉虽表现出 Ta,Nb,Ti亏损 ,但 L IL E并不富集 ,可能反映地壳混染程度的增强 ,基性岩脉的特质组成与湘东南玄武岩类岩石基本一致。推测两者应具有同一个地幔源区。依据侵入关系和区域对比 ,认为湘东北基性岩脉的形成是早白垩世以后晚燕山期岩石圈拉张 -减薄作用产物 ,湘东北基性岩脉所处的构造环境应属于整个湘东南岩石圈伸展 -减薄带的一部分。     

新疆图拉尔根基性-超基性岩体中基性包体岩石地球化学特征及其成岩过程

新疆哈密图拉尔根铜镍硫化物矿床是东天山黄山-镜儿泉韧性剪切带上的一个典型岩浆熔离-贯入型矿床。在图拉尔根岩体中的角闪辉橄岩相中发育了一些基性包体,这些包体尺寸在几到几十厘米之间,岩性主要为辉长岩、斜长岩,辉长岩包体含矿性好,而斜长岩包体不含矿。通过岩相学观察发现,包体与寄主岩在矿物种类、含量、蚀变类型及程度以及矿物接触交代关系和生成顺序上存在较大的差异,并且,两者存在截然的接触边,该接触边以鳞片状绿泥石为主。哈克图解和SiO₂与不相容元素La、Nd、Zr、Yb的相关性图解都显示图拉尔根基性-超基性岩体样品具有很好的相关性,而包体样品则不具有明显的相关性,指示了岩浆混染作用在包体成岩中的重要作用。微量元素地球化学特征显示包体和图拉尔根岩体均具Nb、Ta亏损,这可能是陆壳混染作用的结果,或源区存在俯冲的洋壳物质。此外,包体中K、Pb、Sr、P含量非常高,暗示后期流体作用较强;包体的Nb/U、Ce/Pb值都更接近大陆地壳的值,这些都说明陆壳混染的可能性较高,或存在较强的流体迁移作用。     

Collisional mafic magmatism of the fold-thrust belts framing southern Siberia (Western Sangilen,southeastern Tuva)

We consider geochemical features of mafic magmatism manifested during the evolution of a complex nappe-folded structure in Western Sangilen, resulted from the Cambrian-Ordovician collisional tectogenesis. There are abundant ultramafic-mafic and mafic associations of different types in this region: layered low-Ti low-alkali ultramafic-mafic intrusions, high-Ti medium-alkali gabbroids, gabbro-monzodiorite intrusions, and alkali basalts. Isotope-geochronological data showed that these complexes formed over a wide time interval, from 570 to 440 Ma. At this time, the geodynamic setting in Western Sangilen changed from an island-arc one via a collision one to an intercontinental rift setting. At the early and late stages of the evolution of Western Sangilen, the geochemical features of mafites were typical of their geodynamic settings. The properties of mafites that formed synchronously with the collision are of particular interest. The studies have shown that the chemical composition of collisional mafites of Western Sangilen changed with time. They became richer in alkalies, titanium, and incompatible elements. This fact indicates a change in the type of mantle source from suprasubductional in the Cambrian to enriched deeper-level one in the Ordovician.     

桂东北苗儿山张家花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

对张家岩体乍古田矿床及张家矿床的2件赋矿围岩样品,开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得乍古田矿床赋矿围岩形成年龄为218.0±1.4Ma,张家矿床赋矿围岩形成年龄为226.8±5.7Ma。另外,对张家岩体8件样品的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素分析测试显示,张家花岗岩富硅(Si O2=74.35%~76.29%)、高铝(Al2O3=12.54%~14.03%)、高碱(Na2O+K2O=6.95%~9.17%)、低镁(Mg O=0.34%~0.45%)、低钙(Ca O=0.68%~1.03%)、低钛(Ti O2=0.106%~0.18%),属高钾钙碱性花岗岩;富集Rb,亏损Ba、Sr,Rb/Sr值高,属于低Ba-Sr花岗岩;轻稀土元素富集,负Eu异常;富U(平均21.5×10-6),Th/U值低(平均1.63),有利于铀矿化;(87Sr/86Sr)i高(约0.7247),低εNd(t)值(平均-13.95),二阶段Nd模式年龄为2.07~2.19Ga。张家花岗岩属于强过铝质S型花岗岩,可能是华夏板块古元古代基底变泥质岩经部分熔融形成的。     

Secular evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China craton: evidence from peridotitic xenoliths from Late Cretaceous mafic rocks in the Jiaodong region,east-central China

The Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the North China craton remains poorly constrained relative to its Palaeozoic and Cenozoic counterparts due to a lack of mantle xenoliths in volcanic rocks. Available data show that the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle was distinctive in terms of its major, trace element, and isotopic compositions. The recent discovery of mantle peridotitic xenoliths in Late Cretaceous mafic rocks in the Jiaodong region provides an opportunity to further quantify the nature and secular evolution of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the region. These peridotitic xenoliths are all spinel-facies nodules and two groups, high-Mg# and low-Mg# types, can be distinguished based on textural and mineralogical features. High-Mg# peridotites have inequigranular textures, high Mg# (up to 92.2) in olivines, and high Cr# (up to 55) in spinels. Clinopyroxenes in the high-Mg# peridotites are generally LREE-enriched ((La/Yb)_N>1) with variable REE concentrations, and have enriched Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7046–0.7087; ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.5121–0.5126). We suggest that the high-Mg# peridotites are fragments of the Archaean and/or Proterozoic lithospheric mantle that underwent extensive interaction with both carbonatitic and silicate melts prior to or during Mesozoic time. The low-Mg# peridotites are equigranular, are typified by low Mg# ( < 90) in olivines, and by low Cr# ( < 12) in spinels. Clinopyroxenes from low-Mg# peridotites have low REE abundances (ΣREE = 12 ppm), LREE-depleted REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N < 1), and depleted Sr–Nd isotopic features, in contrast to the high-Mg# peridotites. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the low-Mg# peridotites represent samples from the newly accreted lithospheric mantle. Combined with the data of mantle xenoliths from the Junan and Daxizhuang areas, a highly heterogeneous, secular evolution of the lithosphere is inferred for the region in Late Cretaceous time.     

海南省后万岭铅锌矿床控矿因素、矿床成因及成矿模式探讨

后万岭铅锌矿床是近年来海南省找矿的一项重要进展,探明的铅锌金属量大于29万吨(Pb 4.4万吨,Zn 24.6万吨),平均品位为锌2.23%、铅0.95%。该矿床产于千家超单元岩体内,后者是中-晚侏罗世在后造山期地壳大面积伸展减薄的构造背景下,由壳-幔混源岩浆间歇性多期侵入的产物。千家岩体各单元花岗岩属于壳-幔混合型的高钾钙碱性岩石或钾玄岩,具有明显的成分及结构演化的连续性。其稀土元素总量较高,但变化范围较大〔ΣREE=(122.61～410.58)×10^-6〕,具有显著至中等的负铕异常(δEu=0.13～0.69),其稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型(LREE/HREE=6.74～16.32),并强烈亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,相对富集Rb、K、Pb等。千家岩体花岗质岩浆演化过程中存在大量的热液流体,同时,其造岩矿物中Pb、Zn的含量远高于地壳丰度值,深部热能及浅部放射性生热元素的高含量促使浅部热液对流循环,在较长时间内不断萃取成矿物质,有利于在断裂带内富集成矿。后万岭铅锌矿床严格受到千家岩体及发育于其内的NNW向-近SN向扭张性断裂的控制,矿体以充填、交代的方式就位于NNW向-近SN向扭张性断裂带内及附近。矿相学分析和矿区地质资料揭示出该矿床至少经历了4期热液成矿作用:① 成矿早期,为粗粒黄铁矿形成阶段;② 成矿中期,是闪锌矿主要成矿阶段;③ 成矿中-后期,是黄铜矿主要形成阶段;④ 成矿后期,是方铅矿主要成矿阶段,其成矿热液可能受到斑岩岩浆的控制。矿区内的NNW向-近SN向断裂活动过程对应了后万岭铅锌矿的成矿过程,成矿早期与成矿中期归入左旋张扭性断裂活动阶段,成矿中-后期和成矿后期归入右旋压扭性断裂活动阶段。据此笔者认为,后万岭铅锌矿属于燕山晚期后造山环境下严格受NNW向-近SN向扭张性断裂约束的热液脉型矿床,就位于千家岩体斑岩成矿系统的顶端或远端,最终归纳总结出了后万岭铅锌矿床成矿模式图。     

Deformation events in the Gridino zone,Belomorian Province,Fennoscandian Shield: relationships between mafic dike swarms and eclogite-bearing mélange

Relationships between reference mafic dikes and deformations in the Gridino zone, Belomorian province, Fennoscandian Shield, make it possible to subdivide the deformations into three groups: pre-dike, synmagmatic, and post-dike. The Neoarchaean eclogite-bearing mélange was formed by disintegration of large eclogite slices in the course of ductile flow, which was associated with synkinematic granitoid magmatism and metamorphism varying from the granulite to amphibolite facies. Exotic blocks, including those of eclogites, are distributed in the TTG gneisses as layers and lenses, whose thicknesses range from a few to a few hundred metres and which are conformable with the foliation. Ductile flow brought the rock complexes to the depth level where brittle–ductile deformations were possible. As a result, certain parts of the mélange were deformed in a more rigid setting. A number of mafic dike swarms were emplaced into relatively cold rocks in an extensional environment in the earliest Palaeoproterozoic. The dikes cut across all earlier structures and are thus an important benchmark for distinguishing Neoarchaean and Palaeoproterozoic processes. Post-dike (~1.9 Ga) tectonic activity was associated with local deformations and discrete metamorphic retrogression to amphibolite facies. None of them significantly affected the pre-existing regional structure.     

“花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄能代表花岗岩侵位年龄”质疑——花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄与全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄对比证据

通过花岗岩体的64对锆石U-Pb年龄(tZr)与全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄(t_Rb)之间差值Δt（Δt=t_Zr-t_Rb）进行的频数统计分析表明: Δt直方图呈对称正态分布(偏度系数C_SK=0.150; 峰度系数C_KU=4.274); Δt既有正值又有负值; Δt的众数值为2.0Ma, 但远低于花岗岩基冷却—结晶所需的时间(>16Ma); 采用最小二乘法计算,花岗岩体64对锆石UPb年龄(t_Zr) 和全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄(t_Rb) 拟合出相关系数很高(r=0.9967), 回归系数接近l(斜率为0.99354)的线性回归方程(t_Rb=0.99354t_Zr +2.15163) 。该回归方程的常数项(2.15163 Ma)与Δt众数(2.0Ma)基本一致。 这些特征表明, 从总体来看,花岗岩体的全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年测定结果与锆石U-Pb定年测定结果是一致的, 从而为花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄不能代表花岗岩侵位年龄提供了证据。     

内蒙古四子王旗大庙花岗岩体的成因与构造意义

内蒙古中部地区晚古生代花岗岩类侵入岩分布广泛,在空间上构成一条巨大的东西向花岗岩带,是研究花岗岩成因和地壳演化的天然实验室.四子王旗北大庙岩体作为一个典型代表,以花岗闪长岩为主,其内部普遍发育镁铁质微粒包体.对理解花岗岩石成因和演化有重要意义.时包体及其寄主岩进行岩相学研究及矿物化学分析,结果显示:包体具塑性外形及岩浆结构,存在多种不平衡矿物组合,是岩浆混合的重要证据;MME中斜长石斑晶边部与核部An值较低,幔部An值较高,黑云母斑晶MgO边部与核部较低,幔部较高,两种矿物相似的成分变化指示结晶环境的改变,从矿物学角度证实存在基性岩浆的反复注入.黑云母及角闪石化学成分上也显示出岩体形成于造山带背景下,岩浆具壳幔混合的特点.岩体形成温度为650℃～700℃左右,压力为1.5×105Pa左右,氧逸度lgfo2较高,约-10～-15.