Neoproterozoic Mafic Dykes and Basalts in the Southern Margin of Tarim, Northwest China: Age, Geochemistry and Geodynamic Implications

<正>Neoproterozoic rifting-related mafic igneous rocks are widely distributed both in the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block,NW China.Here we report the geochronology and systematic whole-rock geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic mafic dykes and basalts along the southern margin of Tarim.Our zircon U-Pb age,in combination with stratigraphic constraint on their emplacement ages,indicates that the mafic dykes were crystallized at ca.802 Ma,and the basalt, possibly coeval with the ca.740 Ma volcanic rocks in Quruqtagh in the northern margin of Tarim. Elemental and Nd isotope geochemistry of the mafic dykes and basalts suggest that their primitive magma was derived from asthenospheric mantle(OIB-like) and lithospheric mantle respectively,with variable assimilation of crustal materials.Integrating the data supplied in the present study and that reported previously in the northern margin of Tarim,we recognize two types of mantle sources of the Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks in Tarim,namely the matasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) in the northern margin and the long-term enriched lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric mantle in the southern margin.A comprehensive synthesis of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks throughout the Tarim Block led to the recognition of two major episodes of Neoproterozoic igneous activities at ca.820-800 Ma and ca.780-740 Ma,respectively.These two episodes of igneous activities were concurrent with those in many other Rodinian continents and were most likely related to mantle plume activities during the break-up of the Rodinia.     

渤海湾盆地潍北凹陷孔三段中基性火山岩储层特征及控制因素

在综合火山岩岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井资料、地震资料分析的基础上,从火山岩岩性、岩相特征、孔隙类型、储层物性等方面研究了潍北凹陷孔三段火山岩储层特征,分析了火山岩储层储集空间类型、物性特征和储层物性的主要影响因素。研究结果表明：区内火山岩为中基性火山岩,以玄武岩为主,偶见少量火山碎屑岩,主要为火山角砾岩;岩相类型主要包括溢流相、火山通道相和火山沉积相等类型,以喷溢相最为发育;火山岩的分布受深大断裂和古地形共同控制,具垂向多期叠置、平面分布广泛的特点。储集空间类型分为孔隙和裂缝,以原生气孔、杏仁体内孔、构造裂缝和风化溶蚀缝等为主。储层物性受火山岩的岩相、构造活动、风化淋滤作用和矿物充填作用的影响。火山溢流相上部亚相原生孔隙最发育,但多彼此孤立存在,在多期构造运动和风化淋滤等作用下火山岩储集性能够得到极大改善,裂缝、孔隙叠合发育的火山岩是有效火山岩储层。     

西准噶尔“滞后型"弧岩浆作用——来自西准东部乌尔禾早二叠世中基性岩墙群的证据

西准噶尔东部哈拉阿拉特山南麓的乌尔禾地区新发现大量中基性岩墙群。岩墙群侵位于早二叠世佳木河组磨拉石建造中,展布方向与达尔布特大断裂延伸方向相一致。岩墙群岩性为辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩和辉长闪长岩,地球化学特征显示其具有低钾钙碱性玄武岩安山岩特征。稀土总量偏低(34.53×10-6~82.43×10-6),δEu(0.74~0.98)和δCe(0.98~1.15)负异常不明显,稀土元素分配模式皆呈LREE/HREE富集(LREE/HREE=2.47~7.18)的右倾型配分型式,富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而高场强元素Nb、Ta强烈亏损,Zr、Hf适度亏损,具有岛弧俯冲作用的地球化学特征。正的εNd(t)值(5.51~5.71)和相对低的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.703 802~0.704 223)表明亏损地幔是岩墙群的源区。岩浆来自于亏损的地幔楔,且受到俯冲组分的改造。该岩墙群表明在早二叠世地表完成汇聚造山后,深部的弧岩浆作用仍在进行,所代表的"滞后型"弧岩浆作用晚于西准中西部的俯冲增生作用,表明整个西准地区俯冲造山作用结束的最终时限应在早二叠世晚期。     

赣杭构造带中西段中生代基性脉岩地球化学特征

赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%~53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段(广丰)—中西段交接部(余江、东乡)—西段(永丰、峡江)的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大((87Sr/86Sr)i为0.704 635~0.708 769,(143Nd/144Nd)i为0.512 173~0.512 758,εNd(t)为-6.8~ 5.6),暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部(东乡、余江)及西段(峡江)为亏损地幔,而西段(永丰)和中段(广丰)为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段(永丰)受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关。     

山东中生代基性脉岩的元素地球化学及其成因

研究区脉岩 SiO2含量变化范围为 48.63%～ 56.02% ,岩性上以煌斑岩、辉绿岩和辉长岩为主 ,以富集轻稀土元素 (LREE)和大离子亲石元素 (LILE)、亏损重稀土元素 (HREE)和高场强元素 (HFSE)为特征.主元素和微量元素研究表明 ,基性脉岩源区存在明显的地壳混染作用和少量富碳酸岩交代作用,该交代作用可能与扬子下地壳物质的参与有关.     

内蒙古固阳地区侵入渣尔泰群中新元古代早期辉长岩岩床的发现及其意义

华北克拉通由于新元古代早期构造-岩浆活动的地质记录较少,制约了对其新元古代时期构造演化的认识。本文对内蒙古中部固阳地区侵位于渣尔泰群阿古鲁沟组中3个变辉长岩岩床样品进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试,显示其侵位年龄为～925 Ma,表明华北克拉通北缘存在新元古代早期的岩浆活动。该岩床与同时期华北克拉通中部～925 Ma的基性岩墙群(大石沟岩墙)和东南部945～890 Ma的基性岩床群(徐淮-辽东-沙里院岩床)具有相似的岩石地球化学特征和重叠的Nd同位素组成,表明其可能是新元古代早期华北克拉通中—东部发育的大规模基性岩浆活动事件在克拉通北缘的响应,但其规模相对华北克拉通东南缘明显较小。华北克拉通北缘新元古代早期基性岩浆活动的发现,为深入了解华北克拉通北缘新元古代构造演化及其与罗迪尼亚超大陆的关系提供了重要线索。     

Geochronology,petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Zhongchuan granitic pluton in the Western Qinling metallogenic belt,China

The Zhongchuan district is an important component of the metallogenic belt in the Western Qinling. The Zhongchuan granite pluton occurring in the centre of the Zhongchuan metallogenic area has been poorly constrained, though the Triassic granite in Western Qinling has been well documented. In‐situ zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic compositions and whole‐rock geochemical data are presented for host granite and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) from the Zhongchuan pluton, in order to constrain its sources, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the pluton. The distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements apparently reflect exchange between the MMES and the host granitic rocks mainly due to interactions between coeval felsic host magma and mafic magma. The zircon U–Pb age of host granite (231.6 ± 1.5 to 235.8 ± 2.3 Ma) has overlapping uncertainty with that of the MMES (236.6 ± 1.3 Ma), establishing that the mafic and felsic magmas were coeval. The Hf isotopic composition of the MMES (ε_Hf(t) = −13.4 to 4.0) is distinct from the host granite (ε_Hf(t) = −15.7 to 0.0), indicating that both enriched subcontinental lithosphere mantle (SCLM) and crustal sources contributed to their origin. The zircons have two‐stage Hf model ages of 1064 to 1798 Ma for the host granite and 858 to 1747 Ma for the MMES. This suggests that the granitic pluton was likely derived from partial melting of a Late Mesoproterozoic crust, with subsequent interaction with the SCLM‐derived mafic magmas in tectonic affinity to the South China Block. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

U and Th Contents and Th/U Ratios of Zircon in Felsic and Mafic Magmatic Rocks: Improved Zircon-Melt Distribution Coefficients

High-precision data on U and Th contents and Th/U ratios of zircon obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis have been collected from the literature. Zircon in the granitic rocks has median values of 350 ppm U, 140 ppm Th, and Th/U=0.52; the recommended zircon-melt partition coefficients are 81 for DU and 8.2 for DTh. In zircon from mafic and intermediate rocks, the median values are 270 ppm U, 170 ppm Th, and Th/U=0.81, and the recommended zircon-melt partition coefficients are 169 for DU and 59 for DTh. The U and Th contents and Th/U ratios of magmatic zircon are low when zircon crystallizes in equilibrium with the melt. Increasing magma temperature should promote higher Th contents relative to U contents, resulting in higher Th/U ratios for zircon in mafic to intermediate rocks than in granitic rocks. However, when zircon crystallizes in disequilibrium with the melt, U and Th are more easily able to enter the zircon lattice, and their contents and Th/U ratios depend mainly on the degree of disequilibrium. The behavior of U and Th in magmatic zircon can be used as a geochemical indicator to determine the origins and crystallization environments of magmatic zircon.