大陆下地壳的研究进展综述

大陆下地壳对认识整个地壳的组成演化具有重要意义,对大陆下地壳的研究正在世界范围蓬勃开展,大陆下地壳的研究基于两个方面：一是太古代地壳剖面的研究,二是麻粒岩包体的研究,相比较而言后者的研究程度要难得多,下地壳包体出露少,成分多为麻粒岩,且无一例外地都含有基性麻粒岩,对其成因现基本趋于一致认识,即由幔源岩浆底侵至地壳再受变质而成,然后被火山作用带至地表,因此,基性麻粒岩包体更可能反映了现今大陆下地壳的     

Geochronological Study of Caledonian Granulite and High-Pressure Gneiss in the Dabie Mountains

Using the single-zircon evaporation technique and U-Pb method, the authors have conducted an isotope geochonological study of the Huilanshan granulite and Shima garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss (" country rocks" of the Shima eclogite) in the Dabie Mountains. The study shows that these rocks have peak metamorphic ages of 443-455 Ma, which are essentially consistent with that of the Caledonian high-ultrahigh pressure eclogites. This indicates the existence of the Caledonian collisional orogeny in the Dabie Mountains.     

Petrological And Geochemical Characteristics Of The Granulitic Terrain Of Brejses, Bahia, Brazil

New petrological and geochemical characteristics of the Brejtes region, situated in the south of Bahia, Brazil are discussed. The region forms a part of the most important and extensive granulite facies terrain in Brazil of Archean/Paleoproterozoic age. Five groups of rock types all equilibrated in the granulite facies are identified in this region. They are: i) supracrustal and related rocks, ii) undifferentiated granulites, iii) hornblende bearing enderbite-charnockites, iv) hornblende free enderbite-charnockites, v) charnockites. The first group appears to be the oldest in the region as they form enclaves in the 2.9 Ga old undifferentiated granulites. The third and fourth group are enderbite-charnockites, whose protoliths constitute two series of calc-alkaline rocks, one titanium poor (hornblende free) and another titanium rich (hornblende bearing). U/Pb zircon SHRIMP dates indicate ages of formation at 2.81 Ga (hornblende free) and 2.69 Ga (hornblende bearing) for the two groups. The fifth group of rocks have charnockitic affinity and are present in the center of the Brejtes Dome. These rocks are also have calc-alkaline affinity, but show petrographic and geochemical characteristics distinct from those of other groups. Preliminary geochronological investigations by zircon Pb-Pb evaporation method yielded 2.6 Ga and 2.0 Ga for the charnockites from the inner core of the Brejtes Dome. These age data suggest that the circular structure was formed by the re-fusion of the 2.6 Ga old deep crustal material generating younger charnockites at 2.0 Ga.     

蔓箐沟一带石榴基性麻粒岩变质反应与矿物演化

蔓箐沟地区石榴基性麻粒岩发育多期变质反应结构。矿物组合演化可划分三个阶段：①峰期阶段（Ｍ１）,以包裹于石榴石中的Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ和由Ｇｔ＋Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ组成基质矿物组合为代表;②退变早期近等温减压阶段（Ｍ２）,形成蠕虫状后成合晶Ｏｐｘ＋Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｍｔ;③退变晚期阶段（Ｍ３）,则形成细粒、黄绿色Ｈｂ＋中酸性Ｐｌ的较低温组合。并揭示该区石榴基性麻粒岩从中下部地壳的麻粒岩相变质,到快速抬升至中浅部地壳发生的近等温减压及晚期降温退变的复杂ｐＴ演化历史。     

Magnetic Petrology of Archean High-Grade Terrains: Window into Deep Crustal Structure and Geodynamic Processes

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ,ｒｏｃｋｓｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｅｘｔｅｎ－ｓｉｖｅｌｙｆｒｏｍｄｅｅｐｃｒｕｓｔｔｏｓｕｒｆａｃｅｐｒｏｖｉｄｅａｗｉｎｄｏｗｏｆｕｎｄｅｒ－ｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｖａｒｉａｔｉｏ...     

东昆仑地区中生代熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程及壳幔岩浆混合

哈西亚图石英闪长岩是东昆仑地区中生代具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩类典型代表,岩体出露于东昆仑中构造带,广泛发育暗色微粒包体。包体为闪长质岩石,并含有一系列岩浆混合成因的证据,如水滴状、长条状塑性流变外形,淬冷边、反向脉等高—中温混合迹象,以及低Mg/(Fe+Mg)、Na/(Ca+Na)值等混合成因特征。包体A/CNK值介于0.77~0.87,属准铝质,富Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO,贫K2O、Na2O,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K等),同时又具有Ta、Nb、Ti的"TNT"负异常,具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特点。依据岩石学、地球化学特征并结合同时期大地构造背景,东昆仑晚古生代—早中生代含暗色微粒包体花岗质岩石是幔源岩浆经历多次熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程后与壳源岩浆混合的产物。在混合岩浆中,富镁铁质端元是由辉长质岩浆进化而来的闪长质岩浆。     

High-pressure granulite from Western Kunlun,northwestern China: Its metamorphic evolution,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and tectonic implication

High-pressure mafic granulites occurring as lenticular bodies within garnet-amphibolites in Kangxiwar Fault have been first reported in this paper. The P-T conditions of two metamorphic stages were ob-tained using calibrated geothermal barometers and ThermoCalc Program. The peak metamorphic con-dition of these high-pressure granulites is about 760―820℃,1.0―1.2 GPa and the retrograde meta-morphic condition is about 620―720℃,0.7―0.8 GPa. The petrological studies show that they have a near-isobaric cooling P-T...     

阿尔泰造山带富蕴基性麻粒岩折返过程:来自裂变径迹热年代学的限定

论文在阿尔泰造山带富蕴县乌恰沟基性麻粒岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学、地球化学、变质温压条件和形成的大地构造背景研究基础上,利用麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的裂变径迹热年代学探讨了麻粒岩从深部折返至地表的过程。裂变径迹年代学研究发现基性麻粒岩的锆石裂变径迹年龄为三叠纪,而麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄均显示为晚白垩世至新生代早期。对磷灰石裂变径迹测试所得到的径迹长度和单颗粒年龄数据进行热史模拟表明,三叠纪时,基性麻粒岩抬升至约地表以下7.8km的上地壳,温度冷却至锆石裂变径迹的封闭温度;晚白垩世至新生代早期(约100～50Ma),麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和辉绿岩抬升至约地表以下3.5km,温度冷却至磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度;约50～15Ma,三者滞留在约地表以下1.7km的磷灰石部分退火带;约15Ma以来,喜马拉雅运动使得它们被抬升剥蚀至地表。     

贺兰山高压泥质麻粒岩——华北克拉通西部陆块拼合的岩石学证据

贺兰山孔兹岩系作为华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带的重要组成部分,其成因问题一直存在争议。近来,在对贺兰山富铝岩系研究过程中,发现了具有"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"特征组合的高压泥质麻粒岩。通过岩相观测与相平衡定量模拟,确定其曾经历四个阶段的变质演化过程,即早期进变质阶段(M1)、变质峰期阶段(M2)、峰期后降压阶段(M3)和晚期退变阶段(M4)。早期进变质阶段,以石榴石中包裹黑云母和白云母为特征。变质峰期阶段,以出现"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"组合为特征,变质温、压条件为850～870℃、1.4～1.5GPa。峰期后降压阶段以峰期石榴石和蓝晶石转变为堇青石和夕线石为特征,温压条件大致为840～860℃、0.6～0.8GPa。晚期退变阶段以出现新生黑云母为标志,温、压条件为780～810℃、0.45～0.55GPa。PT轨迹具有顺时针演化样式,峰期后表现为先发生近等温降压(ITD)、后发生近等压冷却(IBC)的退变过程,反映陆-陆碰撞发生高压麻粒岩相变质作用,后又快速折返到正常地壳深度的变质动力学过程,进而从岩石学角度证明华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带是由北部的阴山陆块与南部的鄂尔多斯陆块发生碰撞所致。     

华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群的分布及研究意义

围绕岩石圈破坏和减薄这个主题,华北克拉通成为近10年来国内外研究的热点地区。华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群分布广泛,然而对此仍缺乏系统的研究。通过对基性岩墙群的系统总结,在详尽的资料收集和已有研究的基础上,重点对华北克拉通中生代基性岩墙群的研究现状、分布和意义进行了汇总和讨论。随后,结合近年来的研究经验,提出了基性岩墙群定年中应注意的问题。