Petrology of coronite from the Bergen Arcs Complex,Norway

Petrologic examination of coronites from the Bergen Arcs Complex in Norway revealed that garnet crowns formed due to clinopyroxene interaction with matrix plagioclase and spinel during the Grenville granulite-facies metamorphism (at T ～ 960°C and P = 1.3 GPa). Along with this, the rocks show evidence of reactions related to superimposed Caledonian eclogite-facies metamorphism. These are microscopic coronas consisting of omphacite, kyanite, corundum, amphibole, and biotite. The rims formed under aqueous conditions with potassium introduction ata T ～ 710–730°C and P ～ 1.3–1.5 GPa. Local occurrence of eclogite metamorphism found at a great distance (>100 m) from shear zones of the eclogite metamorphic stage indicates that the whole eclogite succession and not only its local sites (shear zones) were heated to the eclogite-metamorphism temperature.     

Constraints on the early metamorphic evolution of Broken Hill, Australia, from in situ U-Pb dating and REE geochemistry of monazite

The Broken Hill Pb-Zn deposit, New South Wales Australia, is hosted in granulite facies gneisses of the Southern Curnamona Province (SCP) that have long been known to record a polydeformational and polymetamorphic history. The details of this potentially prolonged tectonothermal history have remained poorly understood because of a historical emphasis on conventional (i.e. grain mount) U-Pb zircon geochronology to reveal details of the sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic history of the rock that crops out in the vicinity of the city of Broken Hill. An alternative approach to unravelling the metamorphic history of the granulite facies gneisses in and around Broken Hill is to date accessory minerals, such as monazite, that participate in sub-solidus metamorphic reactions. We have taken advantage of the high spatial resolution and high sensitivity afforded by SHRIMP monazite geochronology to reconstruct the early history of the metamorphic rocks at Broken Hill. In contrast to previous studies, in situ analysis of monazite grains preserved in their original textural context in polished thin sections is used. Guided by electron microprobe X-ray maps, SHRIMP U-Pb dates for three distinct monazite compositional domains record pulses of monazite growth at c. 1657 Ma, c. 1630 Ma and c. 1602 Ma. It is demonstrated that these ages correspond to monazite growth during lower amphibolite facies, upper amphibolite facies and granulite facies metamorphism, respectively. It is speculated that this progressive heating of the SCP crust may have been driven by inversion of the upper crust during the Olarian Orogeny that was pre-heated by magmatic underplating at c. 1657 Ma.     

柴北缘都兰高压麻粒岩的变质演化及形成的动力学背景

在柴北缘-阿尔金HP/UHP变质带东端,新识别出一个高压麻粒岩单元.高压基性麻粒岩是高压麻粒岩单元的主体,还包括少量高压中酸性麻粒岩.高压基性麻粒岩主要由平衡共生的石榴子石、单斜辉石、斜长石组成,还含有不等量的蓝晶石、角闪石、石英、金红石、黝帘石/斜黝帘石、钛铁矿、方柱石等矿物.高压长英质麻粒岩主要包括石榴子石、蓝晶石、钾长石、斜长石、石英等矿物,并具有少量的单斜辉石和角闪石.岩石学和矿物学数据显示高压麻粒岩经历了多阶段的变质演化,温压计算获得峰期高压麻粒岩相的变质条件为1.40～1.85GPa和800～925℃.退变质高角闪岩相的变质条件为P=0.80～1.05GPa和T=580～695℃：进一步的退变质作用发生在低角闪岩相/绿片岩相条件下(<0.8GPa和<550℃).岩石学、矿物学及年代学资料研究表明都兰地区的高压麻粒岩具有与相邻榴辉岩不同的变质演化历史,而不是榴辉岩在抬升过程中热松弛作用所致.高压麻粒岩可能形成于与陆壳俯冲相关的造山带增厚的陆壳根部环境,形成的深度为50～70km.     

金平地区二叠纪玄武岩与铜镍矿成因关系初探

金平地区玄武岩分布于扬子克拉通西南缘哀牢山深大断裂南西侧.文章通过对金平地区分布的二叠纪玄武岩、(超)镁铁质侵入岩及其共生铜镍矿矿石的岩石化学特征、微量元素及稀土元素特征等方面的研究,初步认为,金平地区玄武岩兼具洋中脊及大陆裂谷碱性-拉斑玄武岩特征,而镁铁质侵入岩兼具岛弧带和造山带的特征,并认为白马寨铜镍矿的(超)镁铁质侵入岩体及共生的矿床与玄武岩存在成因上的关系.     

Petrology and geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type granitoids and late Mesozoic mafic dikes and their relationship to adakitic intrusions in the lower Yangtze River belt,Southeast China

The relationship among magmatism, large-scale metallogenesis of Southeast China, and subduction of the Pacific plate has long been debated. The lower Yangtze River belt (LYRB) in the northeastern edge of Southeast China is characterized by intense late Mesozoic magmatism and associated polymetallic mineralization such as copper, gold, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, etc. The copper-related adakitic rocks (148–130 Ma) in this belt are the oldest episode of magmatism and intruded as small intermediate-acid intrusive bodies. The Huayuangong granitoids (HYG), located in the southern part of this belt, however, are copper-barren. Three granitoid samples from this pluton give zircon U–Pb ages of 126.4 ± 1.6 Ma, 125.9 ± 1.9 Ma, and 126.2 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively. The HYG has A-type affinity with metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, high FeO_T/(FeO_T+MgO) ratios, and high Zr+Nb+Ce+Yb contents. Meanwhile, 10 late Mesozoic mafic samples from the LYRB exhibit similar trace element characteristics to those of ‘continental arc andesite’ (CAA) and suggest an enriched lithospheric mantle source with depletion in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti) and enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Th, U, and Pb). Although the HYG exhibits similar Sr–Nd isotope composition with the mafic dikes, distinct whole-rock Pb isotope ratios imply that the granitoids and mafic magmas originated from heterogeneous mantle sources. Compared with coeval Baijuhuajian A-type rocks that are exposed along the Jiang–Shao fault of Southeast China, the HYG shows enriched Hf isotope ratios of zircon with ε_Hf(t) values ranging from ?4.8 to ?11.1. In the Yb/Ta versus Y/Nb diagram, being different from the major asthenospheric mantle-origin Baijuhuajian pluton, a large range of and high Y/Nb ratios as well as high Zr contents of the HYG pluton suggest a magmatic source of mixing between the asthenospheric and enriched crustal component in the LYRB. Compared with early-stage copper-related adakitic rocks (148–130 Ma) with subduction-related affinities and high oxygen fugacity, the copper-barren HYG has with-plate A-type affinities and lower oxygen fugacity. Summarizing, the production of early-stage (i.e. subduction related) adakitic rocks followed by late-stage A-type granitoids in the LYRB is ascribed to the rollback of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath Southeast China and associated with asthenospheric upwelling and lithospheric thinning during the late Mesozoic era.     

Trace-element geochemistry of transform-fault serpentinite in high-pressure subduction mélanges (eastern Cuba): implications for subduction initiation

The Sierra del Convento and La Corea mélanges (eastern Cuba) are vestiges of a Cretaceous subduction channel in the Caribbean realm. Both mélanges contain blocks of oceanic crust and serpentinite subducted to high pressure within a serpentinite matrix. The bulk composition of serpentinite indicates spinel-harzburgite and -herzolite protoliths. The samples preserve fertile protolith signatures that suggest low melting degrees. High concentration of immobile elements Zr, Th, Nb, and REE contents (from ~0.1 to ~2 CI-chondrite) point to early melt–rock interaction processes before serpentinization took place. Major- and trace-element compositions suggest an oceanic fracture-zone–transform-fault setting. A mild negative Eu anomaly in most samples indicates low-temperature fluid–rock interaction as a likely consequence of seawater infiltration during oceanic serpentinization. A second, more important, serpentinization stage is related to enrichment in U, Pb, Cs, Ba, and Sr due to the infiltration of slab-derived fluids. The mineral assemblages are mainly formed by antigorite, lizardite, and chlorite, with local minor talc, tremolite, anthophyllite, dolomite, brucite, and relict orthopyroxene. The local presence of anthophyllite and the replacements of lizardite by antigorite indicate a metamorphic evolution from the cooling of peridotite/serpentinite at the oceanic context to mild heating and compression in a subduction setting. We propose that serpentinites formed at an oceanic transform-fault setting that was the locus of subduction initiation of the Proto-Caribbean basin below the Caribbean plate during early Cretaceous times. Onset of subduction at the fracture zone allowed the preservation of abyssal transform-fault serpentinites at the upper plate, whereas limited downward drag during mature subduction placed the rocks in the subduction channel where they tectonically mixed with the upward-migrating accreted block of the subducted Proto-Caribbean oceanic crust. Hence, we suggest that relatively fertile serpentinites of high-pressure mélanges were witness to the onset of subduction at an oceanic transform-fault setting.     

四川攀西地区层状基性-超基性岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

应用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,对攀西地区白马和太和含矿层状基性-超基性岩体的年龄进行研究,获得白马层状辉长岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为258±2Ma(95%可信度),太和层状辉长岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为262±2Ma(95%可信度)。结果表明,攀西地区的白马和太和含矿层状辉长岩体均形成于二叠纪晚期。该年龄信息显示了从层状辉长岩体的侵入到峨眉山玄武岩的喷发高峰期(250Ma)仅距5~10Ma,二者应属于同期不同阶段岩浆活动的产物。鉴于空间上层状辉长岩体与峨眉山玄武岩密切相关,基性-超基性岩体和玄武岩的形成均与晚古生代末期峨眉地幔柱活动有关。     

Paleo-Tethyan Oceanic Crust Subduction in the Eastern Section of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Qushi'ang Granodiorite

The Qushi'ang granodiorite(QSG) is located at the central east of the ophiolitic melange belt in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB) in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating suggests that the granodiorite and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs) crystallized 246.61±0.62 and 245.45±0.9 Ma ago, respectively. Granodiorite, porphyritic diorite, and MMEs are metaluminous and medium-K calk-alkaline series, with island-arc magma features, such as LILE enrichment and HFSE depletion. The porphyritic diorite has high Cr(13.50 ppm to 59.01 ppm), Ni(228.53 ppm to 261.29 ppm), and Mg~#(46–54). Granodiorite and porphyritic diorite have similar mineral compositions and evolved major and trace elements contents, particularly Cr and Ni, both of which are significantly higher than that in granites of the same period. The crystallization age of MMEs is close to that of granodiorite, and their major and trace elements contents are in-between porphyritic diorite and granodiorite. The results suggest that the original mafic magma, which was the product of mantle melting by subduction process, intruded into the lower crust(Kuhai Rock Group), resulting in the formation of granodiorite. Countinous intrusion of mafic magma into the unconsolidated granodiorite formed MMEs and porphyritic diorite. The granodiorite reformed by late-stage strike-slip faulting tectonic event indicates that the strike-slip fault of Middle Kunlun and the collision of the Bayanhar block with East Kunlun were later than 246 Ma. Therefore, the formation of the QSG not only indicates the critical period of evolution of East Kunlun but also represents the tectonic transition from oceanic crust subduction to slab breaking.     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿镁铁质岩体形成时代、成矿特征与深部找矿前景

喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群位于准噶尔地块东北缘,由13个小岩体组成。在以往的研究中,这些岩体多被视为同期形成。笔者新获得的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄显示,镁铁质岩体群发育晚石炭世和早二叠世2个时期的岩体,其中Y3岩体闪长岩、苏长岩以及G21岩体淡色辉长岩的年龄分别为290 Ma、283 Ma和281 Ma,与Y1和Y9含矿岩体的年龄在误差范围内一致;Y5岩体辉长岩和闪长岩的年龄均为320 Ma,明显早于其他岩体。结合区域构造演化资料分析,晚石炭世Y5岩体是俯冲环境下岩浆作用的产物,这与以往研究较多的早二叠世后碰撞伸展环境下形成的岩体不同。在该矿区,具有工业价值的硫化物矿体主要赋存在Y1~Y3以及Y9岩体中,其中Y1和Y9岩体中富硫化物的矿体主要分布在岩体中部,而Y2和Y3岩体中矿体主要分布在底部的苏长岩中,在Y1-Y2以及Y2-Y3岩体结合部位均可见块状矿体。矿体空间分布及其与通道对应关系显示镁铁质含矿岩体可能形成于不同的岩浆通道系统或通道的不同部位。矿物学变化显示Y3、Y9和G21演化程度相对高于Y1和Y2岩体;同时,前者硫化物矿石多为中等稀疏浸染状和星点状,后者多为稠密浸染状和块状矿石,且前者浸染状矿石的Ni/Cu比值(0.15~2.00)总体小于后者(0.14~4.48)。上述特征表明含矿岩体的岩浆相对演化程度与矿化富集程度有一定的关系。综合分析地质、物探资料以及成矿特征,笔者认为Y1-Y3岩体深部仍具有寻找成矿岩体的潜力。G21岩体的演化程度较高,但具有与Y2、Y3岩体相似的重力异常和源区性质,推测该地段深部可能存在体积更大的岩体。     

大别造山带白鸭山A型花岗岩中镁铁质微粒包体成因及其地质意义

大别造山带早白垩世白鸭山A型花岗岩体中广泛分布着暗色微粒包体。对该包体及其寄主岩进行岩相学、矿物学和地球化学研究发现:镁铁质微粒包体(MME)与其寄主岩具有相同的矿物组合,相似的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征,指示MME与寄主岩具有明显的亲缘关系;包体中岩浆成因褐帘石的发现,否定了富云包体的残余体成因,包体中含有碱性长石捕虏晶及大量针状磷灰石,指示岩浆混合作用的影响。结合共分母和不共分母图解判别,揭示MME与寄主岩明显具有岩浆混合作用特征,FeO*-MgO判别图解也指示包体为岩浆混合成因。Nd,Sr同位素组成指示MME的主体成分来源于富集岩石圈地幔,寄主岩体的物质来源为北大别杂岩。综合研究表明,大别地区在早白垩世存在一次壳幔混合作用,可能与岩石圈的伸展减薄有关,岩石圈的伸展导致富集地幔上涌,底侵并诱发古老下地壳熔融,同时发生岩浆混合作用。