Synplutonic mafic dykes from late Archaean granitoids in the Eastern Dharwar Craton,southern India

We present a first overview of the synplutonic mafic dykes (mafic injections) from the 2.56–2.52 Ga calcalkaline to potassic plutons in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). The host plutons comprise voluminous intrusive facies (dark grey clinopyroxene-amphibole rich monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, pinkish grey porphyritic monzogranite and grey granodiorite) located in the central part of individual pluton, whilst subordinate anatectic facies (light grey and pink granite) confined to the periphery. The enclaves found in the plutons include highly angular screens of xenoliths of the basement, rounded to pillowed mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) and most spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes. The similar textures of MME and adjoining synplutonic mafic dykes together with their spatial association and occasional transition of MME to dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes imply a genetic link between them. The synplutonic dykes occur in varying dimension ranging from a few centimeter width upto 200 meters width and are generally dismembered or disrupted and rarely continuous. Necking of dyke along its length and back veining of more leucocratic variant of the host is common feature. They show lobate as well as sharp contacts with chilled margins suggesting their injection during different stages of crystallization of host plutons in magma chamber. Local interaction, mixing and mingling processes are documented in all the studied crustal corridors in the EDC. The observed mixing, mingling, partial hybridization, MME and emplacement of synplutonic mafic dykes can be explained by four stage processes: (1) Mafic magma injected during very early stage of crystallization of host felsic magma, mixing of mafic and felsic host magma results in hybridization with occasional MME; (2) Mafic magma introduced slightly later, the viscosities of two magmas may be different and permit only mingling where by each component retain their identity; (3) When mafic magma injected into crystallizing granitic host magma with significant crystal content, the mafic magma is channeled into early fractures and form dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes and (4) Mafic injections enter into largely crystallized (>80% crystals) granitic host results in continuous dykes with sharp contacts. The origin of mafic magmas may be related to development of fractures to mantle depth during crystallization of host magmas which results in the decompression melting of mantle source. The resultant hot mafic melts with low viscosity rise rapidly into the crystallizing host magma chamber where they interact depending upon the crystallinity and viscosity of the host. These hot mafic injections locally cause reversal of crystallization of the felsic host and induce melting and resultant melts in turn penetrate the crystallizing mafic body as back veining. Field chronology indicates injection of mafic magmas is synchronous with emplacement of anatectic melts and slightly predates the 2.5 Ga metamorphic event which affected the whole Archaean crust. The injection of mafic magmas into the crystallizing host plutons forms the terminal Archaean magmatic event and spatially associated with reworking and cratonization of Archaean crust in the EDC.     

华北克拉通晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群K－Ar年龄及地质意义

华北克拉通腹地山西地块内广泛发育大规模的晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群。通过对晋北地区新平堡镁铁质岩墙群９个样品的Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄等时线分析，这些岩墙可能形成于１４３０Ｍａ．从山西各地所采集的６４个镁铁质岩墙群样品的Ｋ－Ａｒ表观年龄统计分析可见，华北克拉通腹地内广泛发育的镁铁质岩墙群主要形成于中元古代１０００～１８００Ｍａ间，活动高峰期在１２００～１６００Ｍａ。     

超高温麻粒岩中尖晶石成分、结构特征和矿物反应的指示意义:以阿尔泰造山带超高温尖晶石-斜方辉石-石榴石麻粒岩为例

超高温变质作用的研究已成为世界上热门的地球科学领域之一,其中斜方辉石+夕线石+石英、假蓝宝石+石英、尖晶石+石英、大隅石+石英以及富铝斜方辉石等标型矿物组合和特征可以指示岩石经历了超高温变质作用(温度>900℃),这对查明地球深部下地壳的物质组成和构造演化具有重要意义。初次对产于世界上不同地区超高温麻粒岩尖晶石+石英共生等的标型矿物组合、不同赋存状态的尖晶石ZnO含量、XZn[Zn/(Mg+Fe2++Zn)]、XMg等进行分析和对比,认为不同地区不同赋存状态的尖晶石,其ZnO含量、XZn和XMg有所不同,但总的来说,超高温麻粒岩尖晶石中ZnO质量分数多数低于2.5%,但个别特殊的有高达近15%。尖晶石中XZn较低且尖晶石与石英共生,可以作为超高温变质的证据之一。通过对阿尔泰南缘超高温尖晶石-斜方辉石-石榴石麻粒岩中尖晶石成分及ZnO含量分析,得出与石英共生的尖晶石ZnO质量分数约为2.50%,且有与XFe成正比的变化趋势,而与钛铁矿共生的尖晶石ZnO质量分数约为1.85%,虽然两者含量稍有不同,但与世界上超高温麻粒岩中多数尖晶石ZnO含量相比都相近。结合其他特征矿物组合,可以确定该岩石中尖晶石与石英共生组合可以作为阿尔泰地区发生超高温变质作用的证据。通过对阿尔泰南缘与尖晶石-石英有关的变质反应期次划分等的初步研究,认为变质期次可划分为峰期变质和退变质两期,推测峰期的温度条件可达到1000℃,且该超高温麻粒岩可能经历了顺时针p-T演化轨迹。该超高温麻粒岩在阿尔泰造山带的出现,可能与古生代时期发生的古亚洲洋俯冲、西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块碰撞造山作用过程有关。     

Eclogite-High-Pressure Granulite Belt in Northern Edge of the Archean North China Craton

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A Clinopyroxene-Orthopyroxene-Plagioclase Symplectite Formed by Garnet Breakdown in Granulite Facies, Guaxupé, Minas Gerais, Brazil

In mafic granulites, garnet can form by reactions such as Opx + Pl = Cpx + Grt + Qtz; Opx + Pl = Grt + Qtz. As a result of isothermal decompression (ITD), garnet can then break down to a characteristic orthopyroxene-plagioclase symplectite. Mafic, iron-rich garnet-pyroxene granulite from the Guaxupé Massif has symplectite that formed by near-isothermal decompression, as a consequence of uplift of the granulite facies terrane. This symplectite was found to consist of vermicular clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene-plagioclase, with clinopyroxene clearly growing from the garnet that is breaking down, modal amounts of clinopyroxene being less than orthopyroxene. Electron probe analyses show clear differences between core (Cpx₁), rim, and symplectite clinopyroxene (Cpx₂). Considering also the presence of magnetite in the symplectite texture, garnet breakdown is thought to be better represented by a reaction such as Cpx₁ + Grt + O₂ = Cpx₂ + Opx + Pl +Mt + Qtz.     

西南大别榴辉岩和麻粒岩的氧同位素地球化学

报道了大别造山带西南部湖北红安榴辉岩和罗田麻粒岩的氧同位素组成，并讨论了氧扩散作用对矿物氧同位素平衡的影响，结果得到，红安榴辉岩的全岩δ^18O值为6．4－7．3‰，罗田黄土岭麻粒岩的全岩δ^18O值为6．6－7．8‰，罗田惠兰山麻粒岩的全岩δ^18O值为3．9‰，这些榴辉岩和麻粒岩全岩的氧同位素组成保持了峰期变质条件下的平衡分馏特征，得到的氧同位素温度对于红安榴辉岩425－620度，对于罗田麻粒岩为740－945度。根据快速颗粒边界扩散模型计算的矿物对氧同位素温度不仅与大多数实测氧同位素温度一致，而且与岩石学测温结果相吻合，因此，这些岩石与东大别榴辉岩一样在形成后经历了快速冷却过程，退变质反应过程中没有外来流体加入。     

Granulite—facies Middle—Lower Crustal Xenoliths from Nueshan Alkali Basalt in Northeastern Anhui Province, China

Metamorphic xenoliths within the Nushan alkali basalt of northeastern Anhui (NEA),China ,are from the middle-lower crust.They could be divided into two end-members:basic and acid.Interme-diate xenoliths are scarcely found.Basic two-pyroxene granulites(pyriclasites) were formed at 720-810℃ and 7-8kb.Petrological and geochemical studies indicate that the primary magma of the protoliths of basic granulites was derived from the metasomatized upper mantle, while the pa-rental magma of the acid end-member was probably produced by partial melting of the basic rocks. The protoliths of charnockites and grey gneisses represent respectively the early and late crystallization products of the granitic magma.The Nushan granulites are much different in many aspects from the granulites exposed in the northern part of North China ,which implies the inhomogeneity regarding to the early evolution of the North China terranc.     

华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区基性脉岩时代及地质意义

产于太古代-古元古代变质地体中的石英脉型金矿是世界上最重要的金矿类型之一, 大多数金矿区内基性脉岩非常发育, 空间上与含金石英脉密切相关.但目前对基性脉岩与石英脉型金矿的成因联系尚未取得一致认识.以华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区为例, 对典型矿区(东闯、大湖、枪马)采矿巷道内的基性脉岩开展精确的U-Pb年代学研究.4个脉岩样品给出一致的锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄(1 819±10 Ma, 1σ); 1个样品中的黑云母给出了略微年轻的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄(1 719.0±21.0 Ma, 2σ).定年结果表明: (1)小秦岭金矿区内大量基性脉岩形成于古元古代晚期, 是华北克拉通东西块体在1.85 Ga左右发生碰撞后伸展作用的产物; (2)前人获得的基性脉岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr年龄(187.6~75.9 Ma)可能并非脉岩真实侵位年龄, 而是代表这些脉岩遭受中生代构造-热事件影响的扰动年龄(或冷却年龄).最新的成矿年代学研究结果表明, 小秦岭地区绝大多数金矿床形成于早白垩世130~120 Ma, 大大晚于上述古元古代基性脉岩的侵位时代, 因此两者之间没有成因联系(尽管它们的空间关系十分密切).小秦岭地区是否存在与金矿床同时的晚中生代基性岩浆活动, 对于讨论本区金矿床的矿床成因和成矿构造环境非常重要, 但本文工作尚不能明确回答这一问题, 今后需要对矿区内各期基性脉岩进行系统的同位素定年.      

内蒙古喀喇沁堆晶岩捕虏体和寄主闪长岩的同位素年龄

喀喇沁地区们于大兴安岭中生代构造岩浆岩带与华北克拉通交汇部位。研究区的闪长岩侵入到太古宙基底中。闪长岩中含有二辉岩、辉长岩、苏长岩、角闪岩、斜长岩等不同组分的镁铁质－超镁铁堆晶岩捕虏体和基性麻粒岩捕虏体,它们是幔源玄武质岩浆底侵作用的产物。分别用Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ法、Ｋ－Ａｒ法和Ａｒ－Ａｒ法,对堆晶岩捕虏体及其寄主岩全岩或单矿物进行了详细的同位素地质年代学研究,共获得各种年龄数据８件,橄榄辉石岩的全岩Ｒｂ     

内蒙古中部大青山北西乌兰不浪紫苏斜长麻粒岩锆石U-Pb年龄

内蒙古西乌兰不浪北紫苏斜长麻粒岩是15万石兰哈达幅和125万白云鄂博幅从加里东期斜长花岗岩和华力西期花岗闪长岩中解体出来的古老花岗质侵入体.通过对紫苏斜长麻粒岩进行单颗粒锆石U-Pb法年龄测定,获得不一致线与谐和线上、下交点年龄分别为(2 511.4±4.9)Ma和(818±159)Ma.结合区调成果认为(2 511.4±4.9)Ma年龄代表古老花岗岩侵入体上侵就位时代,(818±159)Ma代表后期叠加变形变质热事件时代.这两组年龄为大青山中段地壳演化提供了直接证据.