皮羌盆地新生代基性岩浆活动的年代学及其地质意义

塔里木盆地西北部卷入了西南天山新生代板内造山活动,以发育一系列北东向展布的断层和断层相关褶皱为特征,但该区新生代构造变形的原因尚存在争议。文中以皮羌盆地为例报道了新生代火成岩的地质特征和测年结果,认为构造变形是对幔源岩浆活动的浅部响应,与印度 亚洲大陆碰撞没有必然的联系。皮羌盆地出露有大量的新生代基性岩墙和4个古火山颈,岩墙群整体走向NNW和NNE,产状近于直立,侵入于新生界湖相沉积地层中。火山颈相玄武岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb定年结果为46 Ma,全岩K Ar等时线封闭年龄为(455±613) Ma,表明岩浆活动发生在始新世中期。岩浆活动时间比逆冲推覆构造启动时间(约24 Ma)早约22 Ma。按热传导模式估算,在此期间来自深部热源的热传递距离约为25 km。假定深部热源为底侵或内侵幔源岩浆,新生代岩浆活动可能是塔里木盆地西北部大规模构造变形的触发机制。     

Geophysical surveys of the Joya Honda maar (México) and surroundings; volcanic implications

Joya Honda (JH) is a Quaternary maar excavated in Mesozoic limestone. It is located in central Mexico and belongs to the Ventura volcanic field (VVF), which is composed by cinder cones and maars made of intraplate-type mafic alkalic rocks. Volcanoes in the region form  N20W lineaments, roughly parallel to a regional set of normal faults, but there is no obvious relation between these faults and vent distribution in the exposed geology around the maar. The volcanic rock volume is small in the VVF, and most volcanoes and their products are scattered in a region where outcrops are dominated by limestone.The near-vent tephra associated to the JH maar lies north of the crater. This relation suggests that the crater was formed by directed hydromagmatic explosions and may indicate an inclined volcanic conduit near the surface. The tephra stratigraphy suggests that the initial explosions were relatively dry and the amount of water increased during the maar forming eruption. Therefore, the existing model of the maar–diatreme formation may not be applicable to Joya Honda as it requires the formation of a cone of depression in the aquifer and deepening of the focii of the explosions as the crater and underlying diatreme grew. Thus, it is unlikely that there is a diatreme below Joya Honda.Aeromagnetic data shows a boundary between two regional magnetic domains near the elongated volcanic cluster of the VVF. The boundary is straight, with a distinct kink, from NE- to NW-trend, near JH. The limit between the domains is interpreted as fault contacts between mid-Tertiary volcanic rocks and marine Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Hence, magma ascent in the area may have been facilitated by fractures near the surface.Magnetic and gravimetric ground surveys show that the anomalies associated with the maar are not centered in the crater, which could be consistent with an inclined volcanic conduit. A magnetic profile measured on exposed limestone across the volcanic lineament failed to show an anomaly such as that caused by a connecting dike between the volcanoes. Therefore, either the dike does not exist or it is so deep or so thin that it is beyond the limit of detection of the method and/or equipment used. Thus, the volcanic conduit immediately below Joya Honda can be reasonably modeled in the shape of a plug. A 2-D model of the crater anomaly is consistent with a roughly tabular deposit formed by fall-back pyroclasts and slump deposits near the surface. Based on this result we propose an alternative model for the formation of maar-type volcanoes excavated in hard rock, where there is no evidence of a gradual decrease of the water/magma ratio as the eruption advanced.     

赣南遂川地区基性岩脉的性质及构造意义

文章以赣南遂川地区的基性岩脉为研究对象,通过野外地质观察和室内岩石学、地球化学以及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定分析,并对其岩石学、地球化学特征、形成时间、岩浆成因及构造环境等有关问题进行探讨.基性岩脉测年结果为446 Ma±6.6 Ma-422.3 Ma±7.3 Ma,属加里东晚期区域性伸展环境的产物.主、...     

Nd and Sr Isotope Constraints on the Age and Origin of Proterozoic Meta mafic Volcanic Rocks in the Bainaimiao Wenduermiao District, South central Inner Mongolia, China

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"旧地重游",再次认识与评价:开拓铂族元素新资源的重要途径

简略介绍了几种在90年代报导或发现的工业铂族金属矿床,它们之中有一些是已知矿床重新认识和评价的新成果。     

冀西北石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩早期高压变质矿物组合的确定及其形成的温压条件——来自锆石中矿物包裹体的信息

采用激光拉曼、阴极发光和电子探针技术,确认冀西北石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩锆石中保存早期高压变质包体矿物组合:石榴石(Grt)+单斜辉石(Cpx)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)+金红石(Rt)、单斜辉石(Cpx)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)和石榴石(Grt)+单斜辉石(Cpx)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)。其中少量锆石具有继承性锆石的核,而多数锆石则形成于高压麻粒岩相变质阶段。利用TWQ方法限定石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩锆石中所保存的高压包体矿物组合的变质温度条件为750～820℃,压力为1.07～1.40 GPa。该项研究成果对于如何识别高压麻粒岩以及深入研究其成因机制均具有重要的科学意义。     

Origin of 1.8 Ga zircons in Post Eocene mafic dikes in the Roshtkhar area,NE Iran

The Roshtkhar area is located in the Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan volcano-plutonic belt to the northeastern Iran along the regional E–W trending Dorouneh Fault, northeastern of the Lut Block. There are several outcrops of subvolcanic rocks occurring mainly as dikes in the area, which intruded into Cenozoic intrusive rocks. We present U–Pb dating of zircons from a diabase dike and syenite rock using LA-ICP-MS that yielded an age of 1778 ± 10 Ma for the dike, indicating this Cenozoic dike has zircon xenocrysts inherited from deeper sources; and 38.0 ± 0.5 Ma, indicating an Late Eocene crystallization age for the syenite. Geochemically, the dikes typical of high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmas. Petrographic observations and major and trace element variations suggest that diabase melts underwent variable fractionation of clinopyroxene, olivine, and Fe-Ti oxides and minor crustal contamination during the differentiation process. Primitive mantle-normalized multi-element diagrams display enrichment in LILE, such as Rb, Ba, Th, U, and Sr compared to HFSE, as well as negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, suggesting derivation from subduction-modified mantle. Chondrite-normalized REE plots show moderately LREE enriched patterns (<3.83 La_N/Yb_N <8.27), and no significant Eu anomalies. Geochemical modelling using Sm/Yb versus La/Yb and La/Sm ratios suggests a low-degree of batch melting (~1–3%) of a phlogopite-spinel peridotite source to generate the mafic dikes. The geochemical signatures suggest that the Roshtkhar mafic dikes cannot be related directly to subduction and likely resulted from melting of upper mantle in an extensional setting where the heat flow was provided from deeper levels. These dikes presumably derived the zircon xenocrysts from the assimilation of upper crust of Gondwanian basement. Processes responsible for partial melting of metasomatized lithospheric mantle and post-collision magmatism in NE Iran was triggered by heating due to asthenospheric upwelling in an extensional setting.     

北大巴山花栎村镁铁质岩地球化学、年代学及其构造环境制约

北大巴山岚皋花栎村镁铁质岩为一套辉绿岩、辉长辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩和辉长岩组合,主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、长石,副矿物主要为铁钛氧化物等。镁铁质岩地球化学特征表现为高TiO_2(2.26%~7.30%)、TFe_2O_3(11.17%~17.0%)、较低的MgO(2.96%~5.52%)及较高的全碱含量(K_2O+Na_2O=3.07%~6.76%),属于典型的碱性辉长岩系列,Mg~#值(36~42)较高,表明岩体来源于高度演化的岩浆。微量元素特征显示富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Pb,稀土元素配分曲线显示明显的轻稀土元素富集特征(La_N/Yb_N=9.34~13.05),微量和稀土元素综合显示似洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征。花栎村镁铁质岩LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄为436.9±2.4Ma,与相邻地区岩体形成年代一致,综合限定北大巴山地区岩浆活动时代为早志留世。岩体表现为EMⅠ、EMⅡ和少量HIMU的混和富集地幔源区特征及地幔柱源区特征,地幔动力学分析表明,早志留世或之前北大巴山地区可能存在一期与俯冲相关的弧后拉张作用导致下部岩浆上涌侵位,最终完成该区岩浆作用。     

闽东南基性岩脉形成的构造应力场地质意义

闽东南沿海地处长乐-南澳构造带内,发育晚中生代以来的基性岩脉(岩群),其几何形态和产状记录着区域应力场活动。通过对漳浦赤湖和东山海边基性岩脉的几何形态和产状的分析,推测长乐-南澳带在白垩纪为左旋韧性剪切带,古新世转变成左行脆性剪切带。长乐-南澳带的左旋走滑活动,是由古太平洋板块朝NW斜向俯冲引起的。晚白垩世以来,闽东南应力场性质为剪切与拉张相互变换,指示地壳拉张不是连续的,而是分期次;晚白垩世以来大洋板块属于低应力型俯冲,拉张是东南部主构造。     

A preliminary geochemical study of zircons and monazites from Deccan felsic dikes,Rajula, Gujarat,India: Implications for crustal melting

Zircons of 10–100μm size and monazites of up to 10μm size are present in rhyolite and trachyte dikes associated with Deccan basalts around Rajula in the southern Saurashtra Peninsula of Gujarat. On the basis of structural conformity of the felsic and basaltic dikes, K-Ar ages and trace element considerations, a previous study concluded that the felsic rocks are coeval with the Deccan Volcanics and originated by crustal anatexis. The felsic rocks contain two populations of zircons and monazites, one that crystallized from the felsic melt and the other that contains inherited crustal material. Trace element variations in the rhyolites and trachytes indicate that zircons and monazites crystallized from the felsic melts, but compositional analysis of a zircon indicates the presence of a small core possibly inherited from the crust. Hf compositional zoning profile of this zircon indicates that it grew from the host rhyolitic melt while the melt differentiated, and Y and LREE contents suggest that this zircon crystallized from the host melt. Pb contents of some monazites also suggest the presence of inherited crustal cores. Hence, any age determination by the U-Th-Pb isotopic method should be interpreted with due consideration to crustal inheritance. Temperatures estimated from zircon and monazite saturation thermometry indicate that the crust around Rajula may have been heated to a maximum of approximately 900°C by the intruding Deccan magma. Crustal melting models of other workers indicate that a 1–2 million year emplacement time for the Deccan Traps may be appropriate for crustal melting characteristics observed in the Rajula area through the felsic dikes.