南非西布什维尔德杂岩体铂、钯、金区域地球化学测量

利用南非勒斯滕堡地区区域地球化学测量水系沉积物和土壤样品,采用化学光谱法测定Pt、Pd和Au三种元素,对该区布什维尔德杂岩体铂、钯和金进行区域地球化学勘查,发现新的铂族矿(带)异常,在主带上部和上部带底部发现新的Pt、Pd和Au的异常带。     

扬子块体南缘四堡群Sm－Nd同位素体系及其他壳演化意义

 详细的主元素和Sm-Nd同位素体系研究表明,扬子块体南缘元宝山地区四堡群中镁铁质-超镁铁质岩可能来源于Al亏损地幔;而宝坛地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的源区则可能包括了A1未亏损和A1亏损两种地幔端元组分,部分样品可能受到围岩混染。镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的Sm-Nd数据构成了一条无地质意义的假等时线,由其斜率获得的年龄约2.2Ga明显偏老。四堡群浅变质沉积岩的Nd模式年龄限定了镁铁质-超镁铁质岩和四堡群的地层年龄应小于1.8Ga.扬子南缘最老的基底四堡群(及相应地层)主要是由地壳存留年龄为1.8-1.9Ga的未成熟陆壳再循环物质组成,明显不同于华南块体(华夏古陆)的早-中元古代变质基底。迄今为止获得的沉积岩和花岗岩的Sm-Nd同位素资料都不支持扬子南缘存在早元古代-晚太古代基底。     

西秦岭糜署岭岩体镁铁质微粒包体的特征及成因

糜署岭岩体的岩石组合为灰白色似斑状二长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩-石英闪长岩，其中镁铁质微粒包体十分发育。包体密集成群、成带状分布，个体大小悬殊且有定向性。有的包体具有细粒边，有的见冷凝边；包体与寄主岩石在成分、色率以及组构上多呈弱过渡关系，界线模糊；包体中发育斜长石异常环带及针状磷灰石，常有寄主岩石中的钾长石巨晶(捕虏晶)。这些特征提供了基性岩浆与酸性岩浆混合的证据，也为探讨本区中生代壳幔混合作用和地壳增生提供了信息。     

大别山沙村和椒子岩基性-超基性岩锆石U-Pb定年、元素和碳氧同位素地球化学研究

对大别山北部沙村和椒子岩基性 -超基性岩进行了锆石U Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素分析 ,全岩和单矿物氧同位素分析以及全岩碳含量及其同位素组成的测定。结果表明 ,这些基性 -超基性岩表现出强烈的轻稀土富集 ,高场强元素 (Nb ,Zr和Ti)负异常以及Pb和Ba正异常。锆石U Pb年龄指示了早白垩世 (12 2～ 12 8Ma)的岩浆结晶年龄 ,但是在 10 5～ 116Ma期间受到了热液蚀变。全岩和单矿物氧同位素比值变化较大 (全岩 :1.1‰～ 6 .6‰ ,单斜辉石 :3.85‰～5 .7‰ ,斜长石 :2 .8‰～ 7.3‰ ,锆石 :3.85‰～ 6 .0 4‰ ) ,大多数锆石具有与正常地幔锆石 ((5 .3±0 .3)‰ )不同的δ18O值 ,部分样品矿物对之间保存了氧同位素平衡分馏 ,而部分样品则表现出明显的氧同位素不平衡分馏 ,指示它们受到了岩浆期后亚固相水 -岩相互作用的扰动。全岩碳含量和同位素组成具有较大的变化范围 ,分别为 0 .0 3%～ 0 .18% ,δ13 C值为 - 2 7.0‰～ - 5 .8‰。将这些中生代基性 -超基性岩的元素和同位素数据与大别 -苏鲁榴辉岩比较后发现 ,它们之间具有较为一致的地球化学特征 ,因此可能具有一定的成因联系。这些榴辉岩的原岩为基性火成岩 ,对应于扬子板块北缘与新元古代裂谷构造有关的岩浆活动。古老富集岩石圈地幔及其上覆地壳部分     

An example of post-collisional mafic magmatism: the gabbro–anorthosite layered complex from the Tin Zebane area (western Hoggar, Algeria)

The Tin Zebane gabbro–anorthosite layered mafic intrusion represented by plagioclase-rich cumulates forms a set of small lenticular to round-shaped mainly undeformed bodies intruding the Pan-African high-pressure metamorphic rocks from western Hoggar (Tuareg shield, southwest Algeria). The coarse-grained anorthosites are mainly made of slightly zoned bytownite (An_86–74) with the higher anorthite content at the cores. Anorthosites are interlayered with leucogabbros and gabbros that show preserved magmatic structures and with olivine gabbros characterised by coronitic textures. The primary assemblage in gabbros includes plagioclase (An_93–70), olivine (Fo_77–70), zoned clinopyroxene (En_43–48Fs_05–13Wo_41–49 with Al₂O₃ up to 4.3 wt.%) and rare orthopyroxene (En_73–78). Pyroxenes and olivine are commonly surrounded by Ca-amphibole. The olivine–plagioclase contact is usually marked by a fine orthopyroxene–Cr-spinel–amphibole symplectite. A magnesian pigeonite (En_70–75Fs_19–20Wo_6–10) is also involved in corona. The coronitic minerals have equilibrated with the primary mineral rims at P–T–a_H2O conditions of 797 ± 42 °C for a_H2O=0.5 and 808 ± 44 °C for a_H2O=0.6 at 6.2 ± 1.4 kbar. The Tin Zebane gabbroic rocks are depleted in REE with a positive Eu anomaly, high Sr (>10 * chondrite) and Al₂O₃ concentrations (17–33%) that support plagioclase accumulation with the extreme case represented by the anorthosites. The REE patterns can be modelised using plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene REE signature, without any role played by accessory minerals. High MgO content points to olivine as a major cumulate phase. Anorthositic gabbros Sr and Nd isotopic initial ratios are typical of a depleted mantle source (Sr_i=0.70257–0.70278; _Nd=+5.9 to +7.8). This isotopic signature is identical to that of the 10-km wide 592 Ma old dyke complex composed of alkaline to peralkaline granites and tholeiitic gabbros and one single bimodal complex can be inferred. The source of the Tin Zebane basic rocks corresponds to the prevalent mantle (PREMA). The Tin Zebane complex was emplaced along the mega-shear zone bounding to the west the Archaean In Ouzzal metacraton. The model proposed suggests a linear lithospheric delamination along this rigid and cold terrane due to post-collisional transtensional movements. This allowed the asthenosphere to rise rapidly and to melt by adiabatic pressure release. Transtension along a rigid body allowed these mantle melts to reach the surface rapidly without any crustal contamination.     

库鲁克塔格基性岩墙群K—Ar等时年龄测定及其有关问题讨论

新疆库鲁克塔格基性岩墙群的四个样品的Ｋ－Ａｒ表观年龄为４５５－６７３Ｍａ,等时年龄为２８７±１３Ｍａ。这一年龄与近几年报道的沿天山构造带的早二叠世火山岩年龄一致。氩初始值为５０８,在Ｐ型岩浆范围内,结合稀土、微量元素特征,认为岩墙群与地幔热柱有成因联系。     

Process-based modeling of the overflow-induced growth of erosional channels

A new process-based approach is introduced for a more efficient computation of the overflow-induced growth of an erosional channel in a non-cohesive homogeneous narrow landmass such as the breach growth in a sand-dike. The approach is easy to incorporate in a 1D/2DV morphodynamic model to compute the channel growth both vertically and laterally.     

滇西高黎贡带～40Ma OIB型基性岩浆活动：消减特提斯洋片与印度板块断离的产物？

滇西高黎贡带基性岩脉形成于40～42Ma,以高 FeO、TiO_2,低 K_2O 含量为特征。虽然多数样品经历了不同程度的地壳混染,少量样品的 Nb/La 大于1,La/Yb 比值较小和 Mg~#值较高,显示了似洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征,从而为研究区提供了软流圈上涌的岩石学证据。模拟计算进一步暗示高黎贡基性岩脉的源区在尖晶石相橄榄岩中(<70km),说明软流圈地幔上涌到很浅的部位,这与目前青藏高原巨厚的岩石圈(>150km)形成鲜明对比。因此,～40Ma 高黎贡基性岩浆活动记录了研究区陆-陆碰撞后特殊的构造演化阶段。高黎贡带基性岩脉与达孜-甲马基性次火山岩在形成时间和地球化学性质上一致,两者均代表了碰撞后消减特提斯洋片与印度板块断离过程中软流圈上涌熔融的产物。     

Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of the Early Paleozoic maficultramafic dykes and basalts from South Qinling belt and their implications for mantle composition

Late Early Paleozoic mafic-ultramafic dykes and volcanic rocks from the South Qinling belt are char- acterized by εNd( t ) = 3.28― 5.02, (87Sr/86Sr)i= 0.70341― 0.70555, (206Pb/204Pb)i = 17.256― 18.993, (207Pb/204Pb)i= 15.505―15.642, (208Pb/204Pb)i=37.125―38.968, ?8/4=21.18―774.43, ?7/4=8.11―18.82. These charac- teristics suggest that they derived from a Middle Neoproterozoic mantle with isotopic compositions of mixed HIMU, EMII and minor EMI components. We interpret that these rocks were melting products of depleted mantle modified by subducted ancient oceanic crust and continental margin sediments along the northern margin of Yangtze block during Early Neoproterozoic.     

太古宙一元古界线研究现状

根据大量资料,分析了近年来对太古宙－元古宙界线（A／P）及其附近的研究成果,并着重论述了有关构造－岩浆事件的研究及其意义,结合我国华北A／P界线的相关问题的研究概况,认为在五台山和太行山乖地的变质岩区选择典型剖面,对太古宙基底的变基性岩体进行构造背景、精确同位素年代学以及盖层的沉积特征等多科综合研究,是今后深入探讨这一领域的关键,其研究成果对明确我国A／P界线标志将提供重要依据。