浅议矿业权市场的宏观调控与资源配置

本文介绍了矿业权市场的基本框架,论述了矿业权市场宏观调控的重要意义、总体目标、调控手段及其运行机制。对资源配置方式及配置原则进行了探讨,并结合辽宁省情提出了具体建议。     

Numerical Modelling of Dissolving and Driving Exploitation of Potash Salt in the Qarhan Playa ? A Coupled Model of Reactive Solute Transport and Chemical Equilibrium in a Multi-component Underground Brine System

Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system （salt deposits） was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake.     

太阳宏观电场测量进展

太阳耀斑爆发时,日冕中磁自由能通过磁重联在短时间内转换成其他形式的能量,并伴随等离子体的加速和加热,以及带电粒子的加速。在这些过程中,宏观电场的出现起到关键的作用。但是到目前为止,由于太阳上宏观电场的探测比较困难,对电场的研究较少。近几年来随着一系列空间探测卫星被投入使用,加深了人们对日地空间事件发生、发展的物理过程的认识。但是太阳爆发和日冕加热机制等磁活动现象没有得到本质上的认识。太阳宏观电场的探测对突破这一瓶颈具有重要作用。综述了国内外在太阳宏观电场测量上的进展,并提出中国巨型望远镜(ChineseGiant Solar Telescope)在宏观电场观测上可能的科学目标。     

准噶尔阜康东部斜坡区中侏罗统头屯河组高分辨 层序地层格架内储集层宏观非均质性研究

应用高分辨层序地层对准噶尔东部阜康东部斜坡区中侏罗统头屯河组进行层序的划分,共划分出1个长期基准面旋回、三个中期基准面旋回和10个短期基准面旋回。在中期层序地层格架下,按照层内非均质性、层间和平面三个级次对各层序进行非均质性剖析,发现储层宏观非均质性具有一定的规律性,主要在MSC2层序内表现明显。MSC2储集砂体的非均质程度最高,基准面上升初期及下降末期,储集砂体厚度较大,物性较好,是勘探开发有利区域。各层序的非均质性主要受到A/S值变化所影响。     

新疆地震宏观测报日常管理与应用系统的设计与实现

新疆地震宏观测报日常管理与应用系统利用WebGIS技术和.NET架构,采用SQL Server2000数据库、SharpMap开源GIS引擎、C#、ASP.NET、JavaScript软件组合开发的管理应用系统,能够增强群测群防能力,丰富“三网一员”工作内容,为地震短临预报提供快速、准确的信息.     

A 7000-Year Record of Environmental Change,Bear Lake,Rocky Mountain National Park,USA

Few long-term records of the fire history of Rocky Mountain National Park exist. Data from a lake sediment core was used to reconstruct changes in vegetation and fire frequencies over the last 7000 cal yr. Bear Lake is a high-elevation lake surrounded by subalpine vegetation in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Pollen data indicate that a warm and dry climate prevailed between ca. 7000 and 5000 cal yr BP. Temperatures increased until shortly before ca. 3500 cal yr BP when evidence for a marked decline is seen. Cooler-than-present conditions were maintained until ca. 1700 cal yr BP, when conditions transitioned to more like those of the present-day climate. Based on macroscopic charcoal analyses, fire frequency had varied between two and five episodes per 1000 years. The largest peak in charcoal was at ca. 590 cal yr BP. The fire return interval has varied with climate over time; however, we calculate a fire return interval of 325 years over the past 7000 years. Given these results, fire activity is likely to increase under current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate projections of an increase in annual temperatures.     

Micromechanical model of weakly‐cemented sediments

Experiments indicate that the bulk stiffness of weakly‐cemented granular materials increases significantly with the applied load, a nonlinearity which is not captured by most micromechanical models. Here, we study the deformation of weakly‐cemented materials through grain‐scale simulations. We show that the frequently‐made assumption of linear‐elastic cement and intergranular contact area which varies according to a Hertzian‐type model cannot explain the observed nonlinearity of the bulk response. We introduce the micromechanical effect of mechanisms such as closure and opening of microcracks, granular cement and material heterogeneity through an effective contact stiffness which depends on the local deformation. We find that an exponential dependence between the effective stiffness and the local deformation, with a high exponent value, provides bulk stiffness which is in good agreement with experimental data. The inability of models with weaker intergranular stiffness‐deformation dependence to reproduce the experimental data demonstrates the highly‐nonlinear nature of the intergranular deformation. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for grain‐scale mechanisms in modeling granular materials, and provide a plausible explanation for the nonlinear behavior of weakly‐cemented sediments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于社会宏观与个体微观视角的入境旅游流驱动模式

旅游流是现代旅游业发展所依赖的客观前提,也是旅游学研究的核心问题之一。入境旅游流作为一种大规模人口流动的地理现象和社会现象,其驱动力研究有着复杂性和多面性的特征。通过对国内外相关文献的梳理,发现学者们多从自身固有的专业背景出发研究旅游流的驱动力,归结起来可分为社会宏观视角与个体微观视角。在对社会宏观与个体微观两种视角下入境旅游流驱动的错位性和互补性进行辨析后,本文构建了双重视野下的入境旅游流驱动模式。模式认为,从个体微观方面审视,旅游者受到的心理动机驱动主要有"核心吸引"、"设施环境"、"求知求异"和"健康社交";从社会宏观视角探究,旅游流受到的属性耦合驱动主要有"旅游资源"、"地区经济"、"交通区位"和"接待能力"。这一研究过程不仅考虑到了综合性因素,也探究了不同研究视角所存在的错位性特征,以期更加全面系统地了解中国入境旅游流驱动力。     

海平面升降对海相临滨储层宏观非均质性控制机理—以哈得逊东河砂岩储层为例

本文研究海平面变化对海相单一亚相储层宏观非均质性的影响。以经典层序地层学理论为指导,应用岩心测试、测井数据,对哈得油田东河砂岩段临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性进行了分析,提出了海平面升降对临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性控制机理,确定了海平面相对变化控制的储层宏观非均质性分布模式。结果表明,准层序、准层序组及体系域内不同级次的海平面变化,对沉积物形成的水动力条件及沉积后所处表生环境产生较大影响,各项储层宏观非均质参数表现出明显的规律性,使准层序内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性表现为向上减弱的变化趋势;准层序组内由于准层序堆砌特征差异,使退积式准层序组内临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性呈向上变强的特征,而进积式准层序组内表现为由强到弱的趋势;高位体系域内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性总体表现为向上逐渐减弱。     

The Interrelationship of Micro-Meso and Macroscopic Structures on the Western Limb of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, Pakistan

Detailed micro-meso to macroscopic structural analyses reveal two deformation phases in the western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis(HKS). Bulk top to NW shearing transformed initially symmetrical NNE-SSW trending meso to macroscopic folds from asymmetric to overturned ones without changing their trend. Sigmoidal en-echelon tension gashes developed during this deformation,that were oblique to bedding parallel worm burrows and bedding planes themselves. Strain analyses of deformed elliptical ooids using the R_f/φ method constrain the internal strain patterns of the NNE-SSW structures. The principal stretching axis(S_3) defined by deformed elliptical ooids is oriented N27°E at right angles to WNW-ESE shortening. The deformed elliptical ooids in sub-vertical bedding vertical planes contain ooids that plunge ~70° SE due to NW-directed tectonic transport. Finite strain ratios are1.45(R_(xy)) parallel to bedding plane and 1.46(R_(yz)) for the vertical plane. From these 2D strain values, we derive an oblate strain ellipsoidal in 3D using the Flinn and Hsu/Nadai techniques. Strains calculated from deformed elliptical ooids average-18.10% parallel to bedding and-18.47% in the vertical plane.However, a balanced cross-section through the study area indicates a minimum of~-28% shortening.Consequently, regional shortening was only partially accommodated by internal deformation.