几种红藻和蓝藻藻胆体的分离和光谱特性

本文分析了高等红藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)藻胆体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,并与低等红藻条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)及蓝藻钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)作了比较研究。龙须菜藻胆体的吸收峰位于498nm、541nm、565nm、620nm和650nm。荧光发射峰位于576nm和672nm。从光谱学性质和能量传递分析,龙须菜和条斑紫菜胆体的组成、结构相似,但有细微差别。而螺旋藻藻胆体的组成、结构则与两种红藻差别较大。     

中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)蛋白酶的纯化及其生化特性研究

采用Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mmol/L,pH7.5)抽提、Q-sepharose F.F.阴离子交换层析、Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤层析、SDS-PAGE等方法,进行中华管鞭虾虾头蛋白酶的分离纯化、酶学性质及其动力学特性的研究。结果表明,中华管鞭虾虾头蛋白酶粗提物经层析后,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯的一酶组分。该蛋白酶的比活力从359.39U/mg增加到8277.83U/mg,提高了23.03倍,回收率达37.69%,SDS-PAGE显示该蛋白酶只含一条谱带,相对分子量为24.50kDa。以偶氮酪蛋白作为底物,该酶的米氏常数Km值为0.28mg/ml,最适温度为55℃,最适pH为7.5;蛋白酶在60℃以下比较稳定,放置1h后活性仍保持在60%以上,而在60℃以上时蛋白酶活性急剧下降,80℃放置1h后,酶活性只残留21.32%。10mmol/L Cu2 、Zn2 和EDTA对该蛋白酶有较强的抑制作用,抑制率分别约为97%、96%和55%,10mmol/LMg2 能显著促进蛋白酶活性,而10mmol/LFe2 、Ba2 、Ca2 对蛋白酶活性的影响不大。推测中华管鞭虾蛋白酶可能为一种金属蛋白酶。     

Physical Properties and their Relationship to Texture and Consolidation Effects in Pliocene-Quaternary Sediments from Madeira Abyssal Plain

Multi-sensor core logger data and index properties were measured onboard the JOIDES resolution during ODP Leg 157 and compared with grain size distribution and carbonate contents measured in the on-shore laboratory. Cored sediments are similar in grain size, but very variable in carbonate content. Magnetic susceptibility clearly defines the volcanic turbidite layers, whereas GRAPE density and acoustic velocity help to define the coarser (silty) bases of some organic or calcareous turbidite layers. Index properties are mostly controlled by consolidation effects.     

Possibility of Solid Hydrometeor Growth Zone Identification Using Radar Spectrum Width

In this study, the correlation between simulated and measured radar velocity spectrum width(σ_v) is investigated. The results show that the dendrites growth zones(DGZs) and needles growth zones(NGZs) mostly contain dendrites(DN) and needles(NE), respectively.Clear σ_v zones(1.1 < σ_v(m s^–1) < 1.3 and 0.3 < σ_v(m s^–1) < 0.7 for the DGZ and NGZ, respectively) could be identified in the case studies(27 and 28 February 2016) n...     

压汞法测定页岩孔隙特征的影响因素分析

压汞法是目前测定岩石内部孔隙特征的常用方法,但测试结果受样品尺寸、测量范围等多种因素的影响。本文以页岩为主要研究对象,采用压汞法等测试手段分析了不同的样品尺寸、接触角等条件下的孔隙特征。结果表明:1孔隙率与所选的孔径范围有关,在7.1 nm~100μm孔径范围内测量孔隙率的准确性更高;样品制备时可能产生人为裂隙导致孔隙率的测量误差较大。2在一定孔径范围内,与人工合成样品相比,页岩的平均孔径、孔隙率、比孔容等特征值受样品尺寸影响更大。页岩样品尺寸的减小,不仅能增加小孔隙间的连通性,而且可以降低较大裂隙的影响。3接触角从130°增加到150°,平均孔径变大约35%。因此应在准确测量接触角的情况下采用小尺寸样品进行测试,同时进一步完善并统一压汞法测量页岩孔隙特征的实验规范,以提高测试结果的准确性和可比性。     

Effects of coarse-grained material on hydraulic properties and shear strength of top soil

Sidewalk failures associated with top soil of low shear strength are a common problem in urban areas. Mixing top soil with granite chips can be used to increase its permeability and shear strength. The effects of mixing granite chips with top soils on the hydraulic properties and shear strength under saturated and unsaturated conditions were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mixing top soils with granite chips caused changes in several key parameters of the soil–water characteristic curve (e.g., the air-entry value, the residual matric suction, and the residual volumetric water content) and the unsaturated permeability of the top soils. The saturated permeability and shear strength of the soil mixture increased with increasing content of granite chips.     

特低渗透砂岩储层微裂缝特征及微裂缝参数的定量研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块为例

对鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块长6油藏进行精细描述,指出微裂缝对提高储层的渗流能力,提高特低渗油藏开发水平具有十分重要的意义.阐述了特低渗透储层的岩块、显裂缝系统及其各自特征,指出显裂缝大致由三组裂缝组成.研究认为:岩块系统包括基质和微裂缝两部分,微裂缝一般长度小于200 μm,规模小;两区块特低渗储层微裂缝呈条带状展布,且呈平行或雁式排列,具有明显的方向性,条带性随着岩性的变化而变化;可将微裂缝划分为有效缝和无效缝,有效缝对渗流起作用,无效缝充填方解石,对渗流不起作用.微裂缝和基质的储、渗性能差别很大,沿25区块微裂缝的储集能力是基质的0.0377倍,渗流能力是基质的42倍;庄40区块微裂缝的储集能力是基质的0.0337倍,渗流能力是基质的78倍.     

利用高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石的实验研究

利用粉煤灰合成莫来石具有良好的工业发展前景,但由于普通粉煤灰中Al2O3含量较低使得合成莫来石时必须添加大量工业氧化铝,从而增加了合成成本.利用高铝粉煤灰直接制备M50莫来石以及高铝粉煤灰与少量工业氧化铝混合合成M60和M70莫来石,其物理性能可以达到我国<烧结莫来石>标准(YB/T5267-2005),这大大降低了合成成本.研究表明,用未处理过的高铝粉煤灰直接制备低牌号莫来石(M50)适宜的烧结温度为1400 ℃,用处理过的高铝粉煤灰或合成高牌号莫来石(M60、M70)适宜的烧结温度为1500 ℃;恒温时间对合成莫来石的影响远小于烧结温度,高温下缩短恒温时间比低温下延长恒温时间有利于莫来石的生成.     

Comparison of dissolution under oxic acid drainage conditions for eight sedimentary and hydrothermal pyrite samples

The abiotic oxidative dissolution behaviors of eight natural pyrite samples, five sedimentary and three hydrothermal, from various geological environments were compared under oxic conditions at pH 3 and 6 in a highly controlled batch reactor dissolution system. The three sedimentary pyrite samples associated with coal had greater specific surface areas and also exhibited greater apparent dissolution rates and extent than the other two sedimentary and three hydrothermal samples under both pH conditions. However, after normalizing for surface area, the dissolution rate constants for the different pyrite samples were similar; the greatest difference was between the two non-coal sedimentary pyrite samples. Pyrite morphology and the presence of trace metals could contribute to the differences in dissolution behavior as reflected in the normalized dissolution rates. The sulfur:iron ratio observed in the aqueous solution at pH 3 increased with time, but was always less than 2.0 (predicted from the stoichiometry of dissolution) for all the pyrite samples during the 24-h experimental duration. This can be explained by the disproportionation dissociation of thiosulfate, an initial product of pyrite dissolution, to elemental sulfur and sulfate which does not occur in a 1:1 ratio. The results of this work indicate the importance of extracting and using the specific pyrite(s) relevant to particular mining areas in order to understand pyrite dissolution rates and the influence of environmental conditions on those rates.     

土工合成材料及其加筋结构的研究现状

随着土工合成材料在岩土加固领域的应用的不断扩展和延伸,土工合成材料的工程特性及其加筋机理的研究得到了迅速发展。对国内外有关土工合成材料的静载、动载作用下的力学特性和流变特性,以及筋材加筋结构分析理论的国内外研究现状与发展动态进行了综合比较评述,探讨了研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了解决问题的思路与建议。