多种顾及先验信息的平差及其比较

在阐述各种顾及先验信息平差方法的基本概念及性质的基础上，着重分析了它们之间的关系与区别，从而为这些平差理论的进一步发展与应用奠定了基础。     

地震测点误差对地震学参量的影响分析

采用随机干扰方法，在地震观测误差容许值范围内，对地震观测资料进行人为随机干扰。在此基础上，使用干扰前后的资料对b值、η值、地震活动度S值、活动标度H值、等效地震M和频度N等6种地震学参量进行偏差分析，研究地震观测误差对地震学参量的影响。     

华北地区地震学参数预报效能分析

分析了1980年1月1日至1999年12月31日华北地区缺震曲线、4级地震频度、4级地震连续平静天数异常对华北地区中强、强震的预报效能，发现这三个参数的报对率在58％－61％之间，虚报率在28％－33％之间，R＞R0，这三个参数有较好的预报效果。     

Effect Blasting Excavation of Yujiapeng Tunnel on Stability of Nearby Giant Dangerous Rock Masses (DRM)

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应用BP神经网络预测煤质参数及含气量

煤层气储层物理结构以及煤层气的存储，运移等方面不同于常规天然气，评价煤质参数的测井等效体积模型难以较好地描述煤层这种复杂的物理结构，提出利用ＢＰ神经网络预测煤质参数及煤层气含量的模型和算法，预测的煤质参数以及煤层含气量与煤样分析结果比较表明，预测与煤样分析参数之间的平均绝对误差和相对误差都较小，精度满足定量计算的要求。     

Equivalent fixed-base models for soil-structure interaction systems

To simplify the consideration of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects, a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) replacement oscillator has been successfully utilized to represent an SSI system with SDOF structural model. In the present paper, this approximation is first extended to an equivalent fixed-base model with modified system parameters. Based on this generalization, a methodology is then proposed to determine the equivalent fixed-base models of a general multi degree-of-freedom SSI system using simple system identification techniques in the frequency domain. Various fixed-base models are formulated and their accuracy is compared for a five-story shear building resting on soft soil. It is shown that the actual SSI system can be accurately represented with an appropriate fixed-base model.     

用声波参数确定岩石加载破坏过程的不同阶段

本文研究了岩石在单轴和真三轴加载的破坏过程与声波参数及动力学参数之间的关系。在单轴和三轴压缩实验中,通过测量纵横波速度和振幅的变化,有效地判断岩石加载和结构的变化情况,确定岩石加载破坏过程中的几个阶段,实现对岩石破裂前兆的预测。本文还研究了三轴压缩实验中中间主应力σ_2的改变对声波速度和振幅变化曲线的影响。     

REMOTE SENSING OF RAINFALL PARAMETERS BY LASER SCINTILLATION CORRELATION--EXPERIMENT AND ANALYSIS

Remote sensing of rainfall parameters—rainfall rate and size distribution—by raindrop-induced laserbcam scintillation is a new kind of precipitation measurement technique. This paper presented the primaryfield experiment results based on the theory and numerical simulations by Wu and Lü (1984, 1985) and Lü andWu (1984).Rainfall rate and size distribution were deduced from observations of laser beam scintillation andcompared with those of the filter-paper sampling method. Qualitative analysis of the experiment error wasalso given here. All the work showed that the theory is applicable, and under proper experiment conditions,remote sensing of rainfall parameters by laser scintillation correlation is an advanced and accurate technique.     

Relation between seismic source parameters and mechanical properties of rocks: A case study

This study attempts to determine the relation between source parameters and mechanical properties of the rock matrix in which the microseismic events occur. For this purpose, accurate geological, mechanical and seismological data were acquired on a gas field experiencing induced seismicity due to its reservoir pressure drop. More than 30 deep boreholes (depth greater than 4 km) are concentrated in a 10×10×5 km volume, providing core samples for both geological and mechanical assessment. In this study, we focus on induced seismic events recorded by the local seismic network, over a three-year-long period. Characteristics of the seismic sources were obtained using spectral analysis and a dynamic model of failure. Results point out correlation between physical parameters of the seismic sources and the geomechanical properties of the rocks involved. Maximal static stress drops are found to be associated with the mechanical strength of the geological strata where the rupture occurs. The fracture size, using a circular model of failure, is also found to be dependent on the geomechanical setting. It is found that the size of the seismic fractures is dependent on the layer thickness and the prefracturation of the medium, both factors influencing the extension of preexisting discontinuities. The parameters of the seismic sources also show important changes when the gas reservoir is reached. The reservoir unit experienced a 45 MPa pore fluid pressure drop over a period of 20 years.     

耗散结构理论及其在火成岩岩石学中的意义

本文简要介绍了耗散结构理论及其研究方法,以及它在火成岩中的应用,其中包括以下几个方面:(1)基性杂岩体的层状构造;)2)花岗岩中的球状构造;(3)斜长石的环带;(4)花岗岩体的成分分带。并讨论了这四种耗散结构的形成机理。这些耗散结构都是在远离平衡的条件下,通过内部不可逆的非线性过程,由于外界的扰动和内部的涨落造成定态的失稳而形成的。其形成的根本原因是其内部反馈机制作用的结果。斜长石的环带是时间耗散结构——极限环。利用耗散结构理论简要地解释了辽宁二道沟花岗闪长岩的成因。