阴山陆块南缘新太古代末岩浆弧的向西延伸:来自乌拉特中旗和乌拉特后旗地质年代学和地球化学的证据

阴山陆块出露了较为完整的新太古代末TTG(奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩-英云闪长岩)岩系、绿岩带和麻粒岩-紫苏花岗岩等高级地体,是研究华北克拉通这一时期构造背景的热点地区,尤以固阳-武川地区(基底出露最好)最为典型,但其它地区的研究则相对薄弱。本文对固阳-武川、乌拉特中旗和乌拉特后旗变质中酸性岩和斜长角闪岩进行了岩石学、地球化学、年代学及锆石Hf同位素的相关研究,对这三个地区新太古代末不同类型变质岩浆岩的成因及构造背景做出了初步的限定。固阳-武川和乌拉特中旗地区的变质中酸性岩形成时代为2491～2545Ma,变质时代为2485Ma。原始地幔标准化蛛网图中均表现出明显的Nb、Ta、Ti和HREE亏损以及Pb、Th和U的富集。在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图中轻重稀土中等-强分异((La/Yb)_N=3.99～119.9),重稀土分异较小((Gd/Yb)_N=1.32～5.20)。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)主体在+0.9到+7.1范围内,t_(DM)~C主体在2.67Ga至3.03Ga范围内,表明变质中酸性岩石原岩的母岩浆主体来自中-新太古代古老地壳的再循环,也有少量新生地壳物质的加入。乌拉特后旗地区的斜长角闪岩形成时代为2495～2527Ma,原始地幔标准化蛛网图中均表现出明显Nb、Ta和Ti的亏损,Rb、Pb、Th和U的富集。在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图中轻重稀土中等分异((La/Yb)_N=9.49～14.2),重稀土相对平坦((Gd/Yb)_N=1.81～2.19)。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为+1.7～+6.3,单阶段模式年龄为2.62～2.73Ga,指示其主要来自新太古代末亏损地幔。在总结前人阴山陆块南缘新太古代末岩浆岩的地球化学与同位素数据的基础上,我们认为这期岩浆事件是与俯冲相关的岩浆作用,其范围不仅局限于固阳-武川地区,可以向西南延伸350km至乌拉特后旗地区。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷沙河子组页岩有机显微组分孔隙演化规律研究

有机质孔隙是页岩储集空间的重要组成部分,具有强烈的非均质性,阻碍对页岩储层质量的正确认识和评价,其本质是受有机显微组分类型及其在生烃过程中孔隙演化的影响。本文采用场发射扫描电镜和荧光显微镜定位观察手段实现特定显微组分孔隙发育特征的表征,结合Image J图像处理技术,对不同演化阶段的显微组分进行定量化统计,总结不同有机显微组分的孔隙演化规律。研究结果表明:固体沥青孔隙度随着成熟度的升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在固体沥青反射率SBR_O介于1.6%～2.0%时,固体沥青孔隙最为发育,而以SBR_O=2.0%为界,固体沥青孔隙度开始减小。镜质体和惰质体的孔隙发育规律相似,随着成熟度增加,总体表现出先减小而后微弱增加的趋势。在生油窗阶段,镜质体和惰质体孔隙度最小,无机矿物和固体沥青的充填使胞腔孔隙损失达90%以上,而进入高成熟阶段,固体沥青孔隙的发育使原始胞腔孔隙得到一定程度的恢复,成为镜质体和惰质体残余孔隙的主要贡献者,贡献率达56.73%和100%,可见固体沥青孔隙对页岩储层储集空间的重要性。综合沉积成岩作用和生烃作用,页岩储层在未成熟阶段和高成熟阶段晚期孔隙最为发育,前者有机质以原始胞腔孔隙为主,后者以固体量孔隙为主。明确有机显微组分孔隙演化规律为页岩有利储层预测和页岩气生产开发储层改造提供参考。     

吉林中部敖花村角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和岩石地球化学特征

古太平洋板块的俯冲在欧亚大陆东缘的区域构造演化中发挥了重要作用,但其发生的时间尚不清楚。本文报道了吉林中部新发现的敖花村角闪辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成和岩石地球化学数据。锆石U-Pb定年显示,角闪辉长岩形成于早侏罗世(180.3±2.3 Ma),锆石εHf(t)值高且均一(9.6～11.3)。岩石地球化学分析显示样品低Si和Al,高Fe、Mg和Ca,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、U、K和Sr),亏损重稀土和高场强元素(如Nb、Ta和Ti),具有弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.67～0.98)。岩石起源于板片流体交代的亏损岩石圈地幔,形成过程中分离结晶、地壳混染和堆晶作用不明显。结合东北地区东段早中生代火成岩组合及时空分布,认为古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲开始于早侏罗世,敖花村角闪辉长岩形成于与古太平洋俯冲密切相关的弧后环境。     

The 26{middle dot}5 ka Oruanui Eruption, Taupo Volcano, New Zealand: Development, Characteristics and Evacuation of a Large Rhyolitic Magma Body

The caldera-forming 26·5 ka Oruanui eruption (Taupo,New Zealand) erupted 530 km³ of magma, >99% rhyolitic, <1%mafic. The rhyolite varies from 71·8 to 76·7 wt% SiO₂ and 76 to 112 ppm Rb but is dominantly 74–76 wt% SiO₂. Average rhyolite compositions at each stratigraphiclevel do not change significantly through the eruption sequence.Oxide geothermometry, phase equilibria and volatile contentsimply magma storage at 830–760°C, and 100–200MPa. Most rhyolite compositional variations are explicable by28% crystal fractionation involving the phenocryst and accessoryphases (plagioclase, orthopyroxene, hornblende, quartz, magnetite,ilmenite, apatite and zircon). However, scatter in some elementconcentrations and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, and the presence of non-equilibriumcrystal compositions imply that mixing of liquids, phenocrystsand inherited crystals was also important in assembling thecompositional spectrum of rhyolite. Mafic compositions comprisea tholeiitic group (52·3–63·3 wt % SiO₂)formed by fractionation and crustal contamination of a contaminatedtholeiitic basalt, and a calc-alkaline group (56·7–60·5wt % SiO₂) formed by mixing of a primitive olivine–plagioclasebasalt with rhyolitic and tholeiitic mafic magmas. Both maficgroups are distinct from other Taupo Volcanic Zone eruptivesof comparable SiO₂ content. Development and destruction by eruptionof the Oruanui magma body occurred within 40 kyr and Oruanuicompositions have not been replicated in vigorous younger activity.The Oruanui rhyolite did not form in a single stage of evolutionfrom a more primitive forerunner but by rapid rejuvenation ofa longer-lived polygenetic, multi-age ‘stockpile’of silicic plutonic components in the Taupo magmatic system. KEY WORDS: Taupo Volcanic Zone; Taupo volcano; Oruanui eruption; rhyolite, zoned magma chamber; juvenile mafic compositions; eruption withdrawal systematics     

Aliphatic alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM10 aerosols from Baoji, China: Implications for coal burning

Normal alkanes and PAHs in atmospheric PM₁₀ aerosols collected during 2008 winter and spring in Baoji, a mid-scale inland city of China, were determined on a molecular level. Concentrations of n-alkanes ranged from 232 to 3583 ng/m³ with an average of 1733 ng/m³ in winter and from 124 to 1160 ng/m³ with an average of 449 ng/m³ in spring, while PAHs in the PM₁₀ samples were 594 ± 405 and 128 ± 82 ng/m³ in the two seasons. Molecular compositions showed that CPI (odd/even) values of n-alkanes were close to unity for all the samples especially in winter, and diagnostic ratios of PAHs (e.g., Phe/(Phe + Ant), CPAH/ΣPAHs and IcdP/(IcdP + BghiP)) were found similar to those in coal burning smoke with a strong linear relationship (R² ≥ 0.85) between PAHs and fossil fuel derived n-alkanes, demonstrating that coal burning is the main source of n-alkanes and PAHs in the city, especially in winter due to house heating. Concentrations of the determined compounds in Baoji are much higher than those in Chinese mega-cities, suggesting that air pollution in small cities in the country is more serious and need more attention.     

藏南邦布大型金矿成矿流体He-Ar-S同位素组成及其成矿意义

邦布金矿床位于青藏高原雅鲁藏布江结合带东段南侧,矿体受大型脆-韧性剪切带的次级断裂控制,其一系列地质地球化学特征显示该矿属于造山型金矿。其含金石英脉中黄铁矿的流体包裹体3He/4He=0.174～1.010Ra,40Ar/36Ar=311.9～1724.9,矿物δ34S=2.8‰～4.7‰,平均3.6‰;围岩中不含金黄铁矿流体包裹体3He/4He=0.01137Ra,40Ar/36Ar=1709.7,矿物δ34S=6.5‰,显示邦布金矿成矿流体主要由地壳流体组成,但其中有地幔流体的加入,幔源He占2.7%～16.7%。由壳幔相互作用导致的幔源流体的加入是邦布金矿重要的成矿条件。在印度板块与欧亚大陆板块碰撞过程中,形成切穿地壳的纵向剪切带,深源地幔流体上升,与地壳来源的富CO2流体混合,由于温度和压力下降和流体沸腾导致含金硫化物和石英结晶,并在其次级断裂构造中形成邦布金矿体。     

Formation Mechanism of Maceral and Mineral Compositions of the“Barkinite”Liptobiolith from the Jinshan Mine,Anhui Province,China

<正>In order to study the accumulation mechanism of"barkinite",eight Late Permian channel benches(approximately 15-cm across and 10-cm deep) were taken from the Jinshan Mine,Anhui Province,China.The samples were analyzed by microscopical and geochemical methods.The microscopical observations indicate that the occurrence modes of"barkinite"in this area are different from those in other areas of China.The ratios of structureless"barkinite"are much higher in the Jinshan Mine,probably due to the flow-water and marine influenced environments.Furthermore, vitrinite macerals also show a strong fluorescence.The vitrinite fluorescence characteristics have not been observed in the Permian"barkinite"coals from northern China.The composition and variation of minerals in the column section also showed that the swamps in the study area were seriously influenced by seawater in the early and late stage during the peat accumulation.     

氢氧同位素习性及其在四川盆地卤水成因分类的研究

依据氢、氧同位素地质学方法及其分布规律性，可将四川盆地广泛分布的卤水划分出四种类型：大气水渗入淋滤型、海相沉积型、海相沉积与大气降水叠加型、海相沉积与岩浆水叠加型卤水。用氢、氧同位素法研究水成因，分类明确，标志明显，有确定的成因涵义，应用效果良好，可弥补水文、地球化学法的不足。     

应用高分辨率透射电镜研究煤显微组分的结构

应用高分辨率透射电镜研究变质系列镜质体和丝质体以及热解碳的物理结构特征表明,随煤级增高,镜质体的基本结构单元(BSU)的平均长度及缩聚芳香层平均环数NC呈增加的趋势;衍射环数增多,环的弥散程度减小,最终出现弧状;表明镜质体的BSU在变质过程中长大,定向性增强,VRo,max=6.50％是阶跃点,当VRo,max>6.50％,BSU突然定向排列。获得了很难获得的低煤化烟煤(VRo,max=0.66％)的高分辨图像,它的BSU尺寸小,无序排列。对丝质体和热解碳高分辨图像的首次研究发现,前者有序性差,随煤级演化的速度较镜质体慢,后者有序性好。     

江西留龙金矿矿质来源及硫,铅,氢,氧同位素组成研究

留龙金矿存在两种不同类型的金矿体，一类为毒砂石英脉；另一类为铅锌硫化物石英脉。它们都受上施组火山沉积凝灰岩中近南北向断裂控制，具有不同的矿物组合、成矿温度和同位素组成。毒砂石英脉形成于１４０￣２２０℃，δ＾３４Ｓ的值－０．０４‰￣－１．０４‰，铅同位素组成与变沉凝灰岩一致，成矿流体以大气降水为主，是加热了大气降水热液改造围岩而形成的改造型矿体。铅锌硫化物石英脉形成于２６０￣３２５℃，δ＾３４Ｓ值－