内蒙古北山造山带时空结构与古亚洲洋演化

内蒙古北山造山带自北向南发育红石山－百合山、月牙山－洗肠井和帐房山－玉石山3条蛇绿构造混杂岩带。其中北部的2条蛇绿岩带揭示了北山造山带两阶段演化的历史：月牙山－洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带洋壳形成于530~520 Ma,沿该带多处保存较完好的蛇绿岩洋壳残块（洋壳结构具向北变新特征）,与北侧的早古生代公婆泉岩浆弧（由南向北岛弧成熟度变高）共同指示了北山洋向北俯冲消减的过程,即490 Ma初始俯冲,450~440 Ma为俯冲峰期,430~420 Ma为同碰撞阶段,400 Ma的双峰式岩浆岩组合指示了北山洋的消亡和后造山伸展的过程;红石山－百合山蛇绿混杂岩带是发育在雀儿山－圆包山岛弧基础上的SSZ型蛇绿岩,弧后开裂洋壳的形成与南侧最早发育的岛弧岩浆作用年龄接近（340~320 Ma）,310~290 Ma俯冲峰期造成南侧白山岩浆弧大量的岩浆活动,早二叠世末期（275 Ma）的辉长岩和花岗岩侵位及早—中二叠世双堡塘组下部的角度不整合均反映了红石山洋盆的闭合。前人所划"石板井－小黄山蛇绿岩带"实为一条早古生代发育的深大断裂,沿带发育中基性侵入体及少量超基性岩,后期（志留纪末）叠加有较强的韧性剪切变形。中生代以来的走滑作用和逆冲推覆构造改造了古生代的构造格架,使红石山-百合山蛇绿混杂岩带向北左行切错了十余千米,北山南部的中—新元古界推覆至下古生界之上。对内蒙古北山造山带时空结构的厘定,有助于中亚造山带造山作用过程的理解及其对古生代地壳增生的深入研究,也对银额盆地晚古生代新层系油气资源勘查起到基础支撑。     

等温剩磁各向异性及其在磁倾角校正中的应用

等温剩磁各向异性是一种新的磁组构研究方法 .与非滞后剩磁各向异性的参数一样 ,等温剩磁各向异性的参数直接与岩石中的携磁矿物颗粒形状有关 ,它直接反映了岩石形成与压实作用下携磁矿物的变形和变位 .利用等温剩磁各向异性技术 ,有可能对磁倾角偏低进行有效的校正 .本文介绍了等温剩磁各向异性及其在磁倾角校正中的应用 ,并以塔里木盆地库车拗陷的苏维依组红色砂岩的实验为实例 ,获得磁倾角校正值 ,与理想的欧亚板块磁倾角值十分吻合     

区域地质调查中对沉积混杂岩的识别与工作方法

介绍了沉积混杂岩的识别方法 , 提出了造山带沉积混杂岩区区调研究的技术路线 , 建议沉积混杂岩的制图单位采用三级划分体制 :一级为沉积混杂岩带、二级为沉积混杂岩层、三级为沉积混杂岩体。以中甸地区为例示范了这些制图单位在地质图上的表示方法。     

西藏碧土地区怒江缝合带基本特征与演化

碧土地区怒江缝合带由二叠纪—早三叠世蛇绿混杂岩和志留纪─晚三叠世不同类型沉积岩构成的蛇绿─构造混杂带所组成。带中零星出现的蓝闪石、３Ｔ型多硅白云母等组合表明为中高压变质带,以逆冲断裂、褶皱构造构成的双向背冲叠瓦构造为变形特征。该带经历了６个阶段的演化,最终将冈底斯─念青唐古拉陆块和亲扬子的昌都陆块缝合在一起,形成了现今两弧夹一带之构造格局。     

上海地区春季最高气温预报失败案例分析

本文分析了2015年3月17—18日上海地区连续两天发生最高气温预报失误的天气背景,并使用当日实况观测和业务预报使用的数值模式资料,剖析预报失败的原因,分析表明:对天空状况的误判是导致17日预报失败的主要原因,且东南风预报偏强更进一步增大了预报误差;冷空气影响时间的判断失误是导致18日预报失败的主要原因。从模式预报的实时检验、预报的跳跃性和不确定性角度分析了预报中存在的问题:预报员应重视本地和上游实况,从传统对单一确定性模式预报的依赖向多模式多起报时次及能提供概率预报和不确定性信息的业务集合预报的分析思路转型。此外,还需加强对集合预报的系统性检验、评估及数值预报释用产品的开发,增加包含不确定性信息的公众天气预报发布形式。     

一种2 m温度误差订正方法在复杂地形区数值预报中的应用

利用模式三维预报变量,结合地面要素预报产品,采用2 m温度三维插值方法进行地形订正,以确保预报与观测三维空间上的一致性,在地形订正基础上,利用历史月均预报误差作为参考误差,剔除模式系统性误差,获取具备日变化特征的预报产品。基于陕西地区复杂地形条件下的典型观测站点,利用2016年8月28日48 h预报个例进行对比分析发现,三维插值方法有效改善了地形差异引起的评估误导问题,但无法改进模式预报的日变化趋势,进一步采用系统性误差订正后,日变化特征明显改善,特别是前24 h预报效果体现出与实况良好的一致性及更佳的预报技巧。通过2016年夏季统计评估表明,误差订正后的2 m温度预报产品有效改善了周期性误差振荡,均方根误差稳定在2 K左右,显示出明显的改进优势。     

SHRIMP dating of the Permo-Carboniferous Jinshajiang ophiolite, southwestern China: Geochronological constraints for the evolution of Paleo-Tethys

SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of gabbro, anorthosite, trondhjemite and granodiorite from the Jinshajiang ophiolitic mélange of southwestern China provides geochronological constraints on the evolution of Paleo-Tethys. The ophiolitic mélange is exposed for about 130 km along the Jinshajiang River where numerous blocks of serpentinite, ultramafic cumulate, gabbro, sheeted dikes, pillow lavas and radiolarian chert are set in a greenschist matrix. A cumulate gabbro-anorthosite association and an amphibole gabbro have ages of 338 ± 6 Ma, 329 ± 7 Ma and 320 ± 10 Ma, respectively, which constrain the time of formation of oceanic crust. An ophiolitic isotropic gabbro dated at 282–285 Ma has the same age as a trondhjemite vein (285 ± 6 Ma) cutting the gabbro. These ages probably reflect a late phase of sea-floor spreading above an intra-oceanic subduction zone. At the southern end of the Jinshajiang belt, a granitoid batholith (268 ± 6 Ma), a gabbro massif (264 ± 4 Ma), and a granodiorite (adakite) intrusion (263 ± 6 Ma) in the ophiolitic mélange constitute a Permian intra-oceanic plutonic arc complex. A trondhjemite dike intruded serpentinite in the mélange at 238 ± 10 Ma and postdates the arc evolution of the Jinshajiang segment of Paleo-Tethys.     

Timing of low-temperature metamorphism and cooling of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations of the Bükkium,innermost Western Carpathians,Hungary

K-Ar ages of illite-muscovite and fission track ages of zircon and apatite were determined from various lithotypes of the Bükkium, which forms the innermost segment of the Western Carpathians. The stratigraphic ages of these Dinaric type formations cover a wide range from the Late Ordovician up to the Late Jurassic. The grade of the orogenic dynamo-thermal metamorphism varies from the late diagenetic zone through the anchizone up to the epizone (chlorite, maximally biotite isograd of the greenschist facies). The K-Ar system of the illite-muscovite in the < 2 m grain-size fraction approached equilibrium only in epizonal and high-temperature anchizonal conditions. The orogenic metamorphism culminated between the eo-Hellenic (160-120 Ma) phase connected to the beginning of the subduction in the Dinarides, and the Austrian (100-95 Ma) phase characterized by compressional crustal thickening. No isotope geochronological evidence was found for proving any Hercynian recrystallization. The stability field of fission tracks in zircon was approached using the thermal histories of the different tectonic units. A temperature less than 250°C and effective heating time of 20–30 Ma had only negligible effects on the tracks, whereas total annealing was reached between 250 and 300°C. Apatite fission track ages from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations show that the uplift of the Bükk Mountains occurred only in the Tertiary (not earlier than ca. 40 Ma ago). Thermal modeling based on apatite fission track length spectra and preserved Paleogene sediment thickness data proved that the Late Neogene burial of the recently exhumed plateau of the Bükk Mountains exceeded 1 km.     

Quaternary changes in delivery and accumulation of organic matter in sediments of Lake Biwa, Japan

A 911-m-long sediment core from Lake Biwa, Japan, provides a record of organic matter delivery and accumulation in this large lake during a succession of tectonic and climatic changes dating back to the latest Pliocene. Sediments deposited since 430 ky are profundal; older sediments vary in setting between shallow-water and fluviodeltaic conditions, with occasional deep-water intervals. C/N ratios identify algal production as the dominant source of organic matter throughout the core, although the proportion of land-derived contributions episodically increases in the fluviodeltaic and shallow-water sediments. Rates of organic matter delivery and burial in lake sediments change in response to glacial-interglacial climate changes over the past 430 ky. Sediments deposited during interglacial intervals have organic carbon mass accumulation rates up to 9 times greater than those from glacial intervals, reflecting interglacial climates that were wetter than glacial climates. Algal production of organic matter increased during interglacial times because of greater wash-in of soil nutrients, and organic matter preservation was enhanced because of faster sedimentation rates.