隧道工程地震易损性分析研究综述与展望

易损性分析是隧道工程领域防震减灾研究的重要方法。首先,详细综述了国内外隧道地震易损性研究历史与现状;其次,归纳了国内外隧道地震易损性分析主要方法,并总结了各种方法的实际适用性;接着,提出了隧道地震易损性评估步骤,并且讨论了以数值模拟为主要手段的理论易损性曲线建立中的3个关键内容:(1)输入参数确定;(2)破坏状态分级;(3)相关不确定性参数计算;最后,指出该领域一些亟待解决的问题和未来研究发展的方向。结果表明:隧道地震易损性分析能通过考虑相关不确定性因素,反映了隧道在地震荷载作用下的性能,有利于未来的风险评估和损失估算,对基于性能的隧道抗震设计的发展具有重要意义。     

大型越江盾构隧道施工安全与风险管理探讨

对大型泥水盾构隧道施工安全与施工风险进行详细全面的分析,指出了施工安全与施工风险对人身安全、工程结构和施工机械设备带来的危害。结合工程实例和实践经验,对大型越江盾构隧道施工安全与风险管理进行全面探讨。     

Analytical solutions for nonlinear consolidation of soft soil around a shield tunnel with idealized sealing linings

This paper presents the analytical solutions for nonlinear consolidation of soft soil around a shield tunnel with idealized sealing linings. By introducing the empirical relation between permeability and compressibility, along with the conformal transformation, the governing equations of nonlinear consolidation are established, and the corresponding analytical solutions are derived. Then, the Terzaghi consolidation solutions are derived from the degenerate governing equation of nonlinear consolidation. Through the predictions of different consolidation theories in both completely permeable and impermeable lining conditions, the influences of a tunnel acting as a drain and impacting the dissipation of pore pressure, degree of consolidation, long-term ground settlements and ground settlement rates are investigated. During the early stages of consolidation, the case studies reveal that the predictions made by this study strongly agree with the field data when a completely permeable lining is applied. This study confirms that a tunnel acting as a drain can accelerate the consolidation of soil and enlarge soil deformation due to consolidation. During long term consolidation, a notable nonlinearity of the soil consolidation is exhibited by a small and gradually decreasing settlement rate, showing agreement with the tendency of field data from the impermeable conditions.     

典型隧道断面形态对拟建滇西大理至瑞丽铁路 高黎贡山隧道稳定性影响的数值模拟分析

拟建的大理—瑞丽铁路穿越横断山区南段的滇西南地区,地形、地貌和地质条件都极为复杂,其中高黎贡山深埋超长隧道的工程稳定性问题一直是困扰铁路选线、设计和施工的重大工程难点。针对不同形态隧道断面可能对高黎贡山超长隧道工程稳定性产生的影响问题,在充分综合该区野外地质调查、地应力测量、岩石力学实验等成果与资料的基础上,利用ANSYS有限元应力分析软件对不同形态隧道断面的应力分布进行了有限元计算,给出了应力分布图像,分析了断面应力分布的特点和断面形状对应力分布的影响。同时,计算了围岩的应力与强度比,对2种不同断面的围岩稳定性进行了分析对比,最后根据分析结果对不同隧道断面形态下的隧道稳定性进行了综合评价,并据此提出了铁路隧道断面设计与施工中应重点关注的问题。     

象山港海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度断裂损伤分析

根据象山港海底隧道地质剖面和隧道轴线布置图,取其9个重点剖面位置,对海底隧道选线进行三维分析。每个剖面位置根据基岩的厚度选取隧道轴线设计位置、上抬和下移隧道轴线位置,应用基于断裂损伤模型的有限元程序对其进行数值分析研究。通过分析各个工况的损伤区、塑性区、应力状态、位移变化,研究洞室的稳定性;根据相邻工况的应力状态变化和位移变化,得到k30+100剖面位置在设计线下移2 m时为计算建议的底板线位置,并得到该剖面位置的最小岩石覆盖厚度。最后得出海底隧道计算建议的底板线位置。     

The effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles on the decadal scale suspended sediment behavior of a coastal dry‐summer subtropical catchment

Rivers display temporal dependence in suspended sediment–water discharge relationships. Although most work has focused on multi‐decadal trends, river sediment behavior often displays sub‐decadal scale fluctuations that have received little attention. The objectives of this study were to identify inter‐annual to decadal scale fluctuations in the suspended sediment–discharge relationship of a dry‐summer subtropical river, infer the mechanisms behind these fluctuations, and examine the role of El Niño Southern Oscillation climate cycles. The Salinas River (California) is a moderate sized (11 000 km²), coastal dry‐summer subtropical catchment with a mean discharge (Q_mean) of 11.6 m³ s^?1. This watershed is located at the northern most extent of the Pacific coastal North America region that experiences increased storm frequency during El Niño years. Event to inter‐annual scale suspended sediment behavior in this system was known to be influenced by antecedent hydrologic conditions, whereby previous hydrologic activity regulates the suspended sediment concentration–water discharge relationship. Fine and sand suspended sediment in the lower Salinas River exhibited persistent, decadal scale periods of positive and negative discharge corrected concentrations. The decadal scale variability in suspended sediment behavior was influenced by inter‐annual to decadal scale fluctuations in hydrologic characteristics, including: elapsed time since small (~0.1 × Q_mean), and moderate (~10 × Q_mean) threshold discharge values, the number of preceding days that low/no flow occurred, and annual water yield. El Niño climatic activity was found to have little effect on decadal‐scale fluctuations in the fine suspended sediment–discharge relationship due to low or no effect on the frequency of moderate to low discharge magnitudes, annual precipitation, and water yield. However, sand concentrations generally increased in El Niño years due to the increased frequency of moderate to high magnitude discharge events, which generally increase sand supply. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用大功率长偏移距瞬变电磁测深圈定深层碳酸盐岩储层

中国西部T盆地ZY构造带在TY2井5900m深层发现下古高产储层,但由于地表复杂、地震物性条件差,一直难以有效的查明白云岩储层的分布;为此本文在该区开展了大功率长偏移距瞬变电磁(LOTEM)测深勘探,并取得了良好效果。本文介绍了沙漠区大功率LOTEM测深法工作原理和资料处理解释中剩余异常的求取和测井微电性层对比解释方法,展示了用大功率LOTEM测深法研究白云岩储层的成果,表明大功率LOTEM测深法对ZY构造带深层高阻碳酸盐岩中的低阻白云岩储层研究是有效的。该方法可以在类似物性条件下的其它地区作为储层研究的有效手段推广应用。     

输水隧道地震响应的多物质ALE数值分析

为研究浅埋输水隧道内部流体对隧道地震响应的影响,考虑黏弹性人工边界、土壤的非线性、隧道结构刚度有效率及流-固耦合作用,建立了双线隧道-土体-流体相互耦合作用的力学模型。通过刚度折减试验得到衬砌环环向、径向、轴向刚度,进而引入正交各向异性连续材料作为衬砌材料模型。采用基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）描述法的流-固耦合方法,对上海某大直径双线输水隧道在流体作用下的地震响应进行了分析。通过与等效密度法对比,验证耦合模型对于处理输水隧道多物质非线性耦合抗震问题的可行性。计算结果表明,在水平方向地震激励下,无论一致激励或是非一致激励流体对隧道地震变形和内力都有较大影响,但对位移影响较小;对于不同隧道内水量,隧道弯矩均集中于衬砌隧道45°交叉斜线位置;相比于一致激励,非一致激励增强隧道地震位移和变形响应是明显的。     

大跨暗涵衬砌混凝土温度数值分析与裂缝控制

以南水北调中线石京段古运河枢纽工程暗涵段为工程背景,采用理论分析和数值计算,提出了南水北调暗涵衬砌结构施工过程中钢筋混凝土内部温降的控制标准,即按最不利部位考虑,30 d内混凝土内部温降不应超过26.7 ℃,为选取合理的温控措施提供了依据。以衬砌内部温度场数值分析为理论依据,结合下穿段暗涵的地形条件、结构特点,并考虑工程气候特点,优化混凝土配比、降低水泥用量、掺入适量粉煤灰以及采用遮阳棚和地垄等工程措施,有效控制了混凝土结构的内部温度变化,成功解决了大体积混凝土施工温度裂缝问题,保证了结构工程的施工质量。理论计算与现场量测相结合,结果表明,实测值与计算值规律基本一致,说明计算模型和计算参数选取的合理性和计算结果的正确性,可为后续类似工程提供参考。