GRAPES中地形重力波拖曳物理过程的引进和应用试验

在中国新一代全球中期/区域中尺度同化与预报系统(GRAPES)模式中引进了ECMWF地形重力波拖曳物理过程,填补了GRAPES全球中期数值预报系统中物理过程的空白。重新计算了地形重力波过程需要的地形静态资料数据,并与原ECMWF模式的地形静态参数进行了对比分析,验证了模式地形参数的正确性。利用GRAPES模式,进行了地形重力波拖曳物理过程影响的敏感性数值试验;结果表明:引进地形重力波拖曳过程以后,在存在大地形的区域,风场会发生变化,当纬向风遇到青藏高原时,一部分气流会产生爬坡效应而越过高原,使高原上空的西风气流减弱;另一部分气流会绕过高原,在高原的南侧产生绕流;随着模式积分时间的延长,风场变化会越来越明显,地形越复杂,风场的变化也越复杂;连续的模式积分试验结果显示,引进地形重力波过程,可以延长GRAPES模式的可用预报时效,提高了全球形势预报的准确率。通过对一次降水过程的模拟,对地形重力波过程影响降水预报的原因进行了简单分析。结果显示:引进地形重力波拖曳过程后,改变了大气流场的分布,使预报的流场更接近于大气真实状态,从而提高了降水预报的准确率。     

一次暴雨过程的重力波特征分析

选取四川省的一次暴雨个例分析研究大气中对流活动和重力波的相互内在联系。针对这次暴雨过程,采用MICAPS探空资料和天气雷达资料,并且结合天气学分析以及重力波指数的分析方法对暴雨的形成原因和重力波的机制进行了研究。结果表明:重力波与暴雨有一定的内在联系,重力波引导了暴雨的发展;非线性平衡方程对于诊断大幅度的重力波有很好的指示作用。     

风暴生命史雷达特征量反演

从风暴演变各阶段物理特征出发, 基于多普勒雷达观测的三维反射率因子, 定义物理量———单体重力势能。结果表明:单体重力势能是一个能够简洁、客观描述风暴单体整体强度的物理量; 利用该物理量可描述单体生命史为发展和减弱两个基本过程; 单体重力势能大小有助于辨别风暴类型和强度。同时, 生成和分析了风暴单体演变各阶段的反射率因子垂直廓线, 分析表明:在30~150 km的雷达观测范围内, 风暴单体的反射率因子垂直廓线 (降水廓线) 及其随时间的变化能较好地揭示风暴的垂直结构和生命史演变特征, 但没有用重力势能那样简洁。     

Martian gravity field model and its time variations from MGS and Odyssey data

We present results of several years of research and data processing aimed at modelling the Mars gravity field and its longest wavelength time variations. The new solution includes tracking data from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) from 1998 to 2006 (end of mission) and from Mars Odyssey from 2002 to the spring of 2008; this is the longest analyzed data set from these two orbiter missions as compared to previous works. The new model has been obtained by a team working in Europe, independently from the works of groups at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), also with totally independent software. Observations consist in two and three-way Doppler measurements (also one way for MGS), and range tracking data collected by the Deep Space Network and have been processed in 4 day arcs, taking into account all disturbing forces of gravitational and non-gravitational origins; for each arc the state vector, drag and solar pressure model multiplying factors, and angular momentum dump parameters are adjusted. The static field (MGGM08A) is represented in spherical harmonics up to degree and order 95 and is very close to previously published models (in terms of spectral components and also over specific features); correlations with the global Mars topography are established and apparent depths of compensation by degree are derived. Lumped zonal harmonics of degree two and three are solved for every 10 days, exhibiting variations in line with previous results (including authors’ ones); the work also shows the difficulty of finding clean signatures (annual and semi-annual) for the zonal coefficient of second degree. The k₂ Love number is also derived from the ensemble of data, as well as from subsets of them; values between 0.110 and 0.130 are found, which are consistent with the existence of a Martian fluid core of significant radius.     

The DynaMICCS perspective

The DynaMICCS mission is designed to probe and understand the dynamics of crucial regions of the Sun that determine solar variability, including the previously unexplored inner core, the radiative/convective zone interface layers, the photosphere/chromosphere layers and the low corona. The mission delivers data and knowledge that no other known mission provides for understanding space weather and space climate and for advancing stellar physics (internal dynamics) and fundamental physics (neutrino properties, atomic physics, gravitational moments...). The science objectives are achieved using Doppler and magnetic measurements of the solar surface, helioseismic and coronographic measurements, solar irradiance at different wavelengths and in-situ measurements of plasma/energetic particles/magnetic fields. The DynaMICCS payload uses an original concept studied by Thalès Alenia Space in the framework of the CNES call for formation flying missions: an external occultation of the solar light is obtained by putting an occulter spacecraft 150 m (or more) in front of a second spacecraft. The occulter spacecraft, a LEO platform of the mini sat class, e.g. PROTEUS, type carries the helioseismic and irradiance instruments and the formation flying technologies. The latter spacecraft of the same type carries a visible and infrared coronagraph for a unique observation of the solar corona and instrumentation for the study of the solar wind and imagers. This mission must guarantee long (one 11-year solar cycle) and continuous observations (duty cycle > 94%) of signals that can be very weak (the gravity mode detection supposes the measurement of velocity smaller than 1 mm/s). This assumes no interruption in observation and very stable thermal conditions. The preferred orbit therefore is the L1 orbit, which fits these requirements very well and is also an attractive environment for the spacecraft due to its low radiation and low perturbation (solar pressure) environment. This mission is secured by instrumental R and D activities during the present and coming years. Some prototypes of different instruments are already built (GOLFNG, SDM) and the performances will be checked before launch on the ground or in space through planned missions of CNES and PROBA ESA missions (PICARD, LYRA, maybe ASPIICS).     

南极采用飞艇进行航空摄影测量的可行性探讨

随着我国对南极科考工作的加强,迫切需要新的高精度的地形图资料。而由于南极特殊地域的限制,要求作业时间要尽可能地短,基于这种情况,在南极两站地区采用飞艇航摄手段获取高精度的两站地形图将成为最佳的可行手段。     

Principal faults in the Shatsky Rise and their influence upon the evolution of the geological structure in the East Black Sea Region

A fault was traced along the southwestern margin of the Shatsky Rise. It extends to land where it crosses the Mountainous Crimea. Interpretation and analysis of marine seismic and magnetic survey data, as well as geological data on land, allow stating that the fault originated during the rift evolution stage of the East Black Sea Basin. Currently, the fault is in the sea and is a channel for migrating hydrocarbon fluids. Another fault was traced from the West Caucasus into the sea, where it separates the Shatsky Rise into two structural units.     

湖南上堡矿区钨锡矿成矿条件及找矿前景分析

上堡矿区出露地层有石炭系和二叠系,壶天群及栖霞组的灰岩、白云质灰岩化学性质活泼.W、Sn含量较高;区内的燕山早期黑云母花岗岩呈岩株或岩枝状产出,岩石具钠长石化和云英岩化,微量元素丰度值高;花岗岩体顶面的洼部构造很发育,规模大,是有利的成矿空间;围岩蚀变强烈,以矽卡岩化为主;W、Sn等元素的土壤异常围绕岩体分布,并且强度大,范围广;经钻探揭露,在接触带上有具工业意义的矽卡岩型钨锡矿体.通过分析,认为上堡矿区成矿地质条件优越,具有大型规模钨锡矿找矿潜力.     

江东测区航磁异常地面查证结果的再认识

笔者结合1/5万磁法扫面及相关磁参数测定工作,在路线地质调查的基础上,进一步对引起江东测区航磁异常的原因进行了客观的分析和总结,得出该区磁异常并非某些专家所讲由"似条带状含铁硅质岩建造(铁多金属矿化)"引起,而实由高黎贡山群中-高级区域变质岩类产生的结论,并对在该区进行地质勘查的找矿标志、矿床类型等找矿方向提出了自己的观点.     

安徽淮北煤矿富水区被动式超低频电磁探测结果解析

被动式超低频电磁法是一种在地表直接接收来自地下3～3000Hz频段的天然超低频电磁信号,通过对接收信号的处理和解释实现对地下的岩性界面、构造、资源和能源进行探测,拥有巨大开发潜力的地球物理勘探新方法.首先简述了富水区的被动式超低频电磁探测机理,其次结合安徽省淮北市煤矿富水区的探测实例来说明该方法的适用性和局限性.在数据处理上采用曲线叠加平均、平滑和特征深度标定的方法,同时采用了测深曲线和视电阻率等值断面进行地质解释.解释结果和已知钻孔资料对比发现,无论在测深曲线上,还是在断面图上,富水区均具有明显的特征.