豫西熊耳山寨凹钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇年龄及其地质意义

寨凹钼矿床位于河南熊耳山地区,是新近发现的穿插于太古宙太华岩群深变质岩中的辉钼矿石英脉型钼矿床.为了获得该钼矿床的成矿年龄,从10件采自辉钼矿石英脉的样品中挑选出辉钼矿单矿物进行Re-Os同位素年龄测定.10件辉钼矿样品22次测定结果的年龄最小值为(1 680±24)Ma,最大值为(1 831±29)Ma.其中10件辉钼矿粗粒(自然粒度)状态下13次测定结果的等时线年龄为(1 686±67)Ma,MSWD=16;4件研磨后粉末状辉钼矿9次测定结果的等时线年龄为(1 804±12)Ma,MSWD=1.09.两条等时线的仞始<'187>Os值在误差范围内接近于0,表明<'187>Os全部由Re衰变而来.上述结果表明,寨凹钼矿床形成于17～18亿年的中元古代早期,是目前中国已知最老的钼矿床,为中元古代早期华北克拉通伸展-裂解环境中构造-岩浆热事件所伴随的热液成矿作用的产物,与熊耳群火山岩浆活动有密切的时空和成因联系;辉钼矿的Re含量为4.832×10<'-6>～0.665×10<'6>,平均3.045×10<'-6>,表明成矿物质可能来自围岩地层.东秦岭地区从元古宙到印支期、燕山期的铜矿化构成该区的钼成矿谱系,寨凹钼矿床可能是该谱系中最早的端员.     

DETRITAL ZIRCON U-PB DATING OF MODERN RIVERS' DEPOSITS IN PAMIR,SOUTH TIAN SHAN AND THEIR CONVERGENCE ZONE

By dating detrital zircon U-Pb ages of deposition sequence in foreland basins, we can analyze the provenance of these zircons and further infer the tectonic history of the mountain belts. This is a new direction of the zircon U-Pb chronology. The precondition of using this method is that we have to have all-around understanding to the U-Pb ages of the rocks of the orogenic belts, while the varied topography, high altitude of the zircon U-Pb ages of the orogenic belts are very rare and uneven. This restricts the application of this method. Modern river deposits contain abundant geologic information of their provenances, so we can probe the zircon U-Pb ages of the geological bodies in the provenances by dating the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of modern rivers' deposits. We collected modern river deposits of 14 main rivers draining from Pamir, South Tian Shan and their convergence zone and conducted detrital zircon U-Pb dating. Combining with the massive bed rock zircon U-Pb ages of the magmatic rocks and the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the modern fluvial deposit of other authors, we obtained the distribution characteristics of zircon U-Pb ages of different tectonic blocks of Pamir and South Tian Shan. Overlaying on the regional geological map, we pointed out the specific provenance geological bodies of different U-Pb age populations and speculated the existence of some new geological bodies. The results show that different tectonic blocks have different age peaks. The main age peaks of South Tian Shan are 270~289Ma and 428~449Ma, that of North Pamir are 205~224Ma and 448~477Ma, Central Pamir 36~40Ma, and South Pamir 80~82Ma and 102~106Ma. The Pamir syntaxis locates at the west end of the India-Eurasia collision zone. The northern boundary of the Pamir is the Main Pamir Thrust(MPT)and the Pamir Front Thrust(PFT). In the Cenozoic, because of the squeezing action of the India Plate, the Pamir thrust a lot toward the north and the internal terranes of the Pamir strongly uplifted. For the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision, the Tian Shan on the north margin of the Tarim Basin also uplifted intensely during this period. Extensive exhumation went along with these upliftings. The material of the exhumation was transported to the foreland basin by rivers, which formed the very thick Cenozoic deposition sequence. These age peaks can be used as characteristic ages to recognize these tectonic blocks. These results lay a solid foundation for tracing the convergence process of Pamir and South Tian Shan in Cenozoic with the help of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sediments in the foreland basin.     

Preliminary study on radiocarbon AMS dating of pollen

17 samples were collected from aeolian and lacustrine profiles within the environment sensitive zone of the Loess Plateau, and an experimental method was established which is suitable for pollen extraction from aeolian sediment. A comparative study of pollen dating was carried out using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)¹⁴C dating of known age samples, and then an experiment with the pollen concentrates was performed. The results indicate that pollen that has been deposited simultaneously with sediment in a stable environment can provide reliable ages. This technique will provide a way of improving the chronological framework for the Loess Plateau since the late Pleistocene. The^I4c dating was combined with field investigations, and from the geological record within this zone, evidence was extracted of four major monsoon precipitation changes during the transition from the late Pleistocene to Holocene. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49894170, 49725308), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. KZ-951-A1-402& KZ-952-S1-419), and State Committee of Science and Technology of China.     

中国阿尔泰早古生代后碰撞花岗岩的发现及其地质意义

新疆哈巴河县白哈巴岩体主要岩石类型为黑云母斜长花岗岩,另有少量花岗闪长岩。SiO₂含量介于65.58%~65.79%之间,A/CNK≤1.05,为弱过铝质岩石,属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土元素总量为174.1×10^-6~210.6×10^-6,具明显的Eu负异常（0.54~0.63）,稀土元素分馏中等（（La/Yb）_N值为4.46~5.56）,稀土配分曲线为轻稀土富集型,富集Rb,Th,U,K,La,Ce,Nd,Hf,Zr和Sm等元素,而强烈亏损Ba,Nb,Ta,Sr,P和Ti等元素。主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素特征表明,白哈巴岩体形成于挤压体制向拉张体制转换的构造环境,属后碰撞花岗岩类。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为413.8±6.4Ma。白哈巴岩体后碰撞花岗岩的发现,支持阿尔泰-蒙古微大陆的存在,丰富了对新疆北部构造演化的认识。     

Colour-differential interferometry for the observation of extrasolar planets

We present the high angular resolution technique of colour-differential interferometry for direct detection of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). The measurement of differential phase with long-baseline ground-based interferometers in the near-infrared could allow the observation of several hot giant extrasolar planets in tight orbit around the nearby stars, and thus yield their low- or mid-resolution spectroscopy, complete orbital data set and mass. Estimates of potentially achievable signal-to-noise ratios are presented for a number of planets already discovered by indirect methods. The limits from the instrumental and atmospheric instability are discussed, and a subsequent observational strategy is proposed.     

青藏高原冈底斯带南部的紫苏花岗岩：安第斯型造山作用的证据

青藏高原南部白垩纪形成的冈底斯岩基是新特提斯大洋岩石圈向北部的欧亚大陆之下俯冲形成的安第斯型会聚板块边缘的重要组成部分。已经有研究证明,冈底斯岩基主要由钙碱性和埃达克质的花岗闪长岩组成,但本文报道了在冈底斯带东南缘产出的紫苏花岗岩。这种岩石主要由中长石、微斜长石、顽火辉石、透辉石、石英、富钛的黑云母和角闪石组成。在化学成分上,其铁镁指数FeO/（FeO+MgO）=0.47~0.50,钙碱指数MALI为-3.97~+0.11, 铝饱和指数ASI为0.83~0.92,是典型的镁质、钙碱性、准铝质紫苏花岗岩。计算出的结晶温度为850~950℃,压力>0.4GPa,形成深度为13~15km。紫苏花岗岩中的锆石为岩浆结晶成因,两个样品的U-Pb定年分别给出了87Ma的相同加权平均年龄。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,冈底斯带南缘晚白垩纪的紫苏花岗岩形成在典型的大陆岩浆弧环境。紫苏花岗岩和伴生高温麻粒岩的存在为冈底斯带在晚中生代经历的安第斯型造山作用提供了更加确凿的证据。     

新疆哈尔里克山后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动特征及年代学证据

新疆地区后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动非常活跃,其同位素年龄集中在290～270Ma。天山东段的后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动研究相对薄弱,高质量的定年数据较少。在野外地质调查的基础上,笔者选择东天山哈尔里克地区的小堡花岗岩体进行了锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,获得两组谐和年龄,分别为297±2Ma和295±2Ma,代表哈尔里克地区后碰撞早期岩浆作用的形成时代。小堡岩体矿物组合以斜长石、石英、钾长石、角闪石和黑云母为主,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石和磁铁矿,与I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩矿物组合基本一致。与小堡花岗岩体同时发育、空间并存的还有基性岩墙群和碱性花岗岩,构成后碰撞初始阶段三组合地质标志。结合区域地质资料,认为小堡早二叠世花岗岩体是后碰撞初期碰撞造山、地壳增厚引发下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,其构造属性为板内岩浆活动。     

青海祁漫塔格地区虎头崖矿床Ⅵ矿带花岗岩的成岩时代、地球化学特征和成因

利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法,测得与成矿有关的青海祁漫塔格地区虎头崖矿床Ⅵ矿带花岗岩的成岩年龄为(233.6±1.8) Ma(MSWD=1.2,n=17)。地球化学特征显示:花岗岩属高钾钙碱性、弱过铝质花岗岩;样品的稀土元素组成以总体右倾,轻、重稀土分异明显和具明显的负铕异常为特征;微量元素具有富集Rb、Th、U、La、Nd等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti等元素的特点。Sr-Nd同位素组成特征显示,花岗岩的源区可能是富集岩石圈地幔。初步研究认为,虎头崖矿床Ⅵ矿带花岗岩可能形成于中、晚三叠世碰撞后碰撞的构造背景下。     

The GREGOR polarimetric calibration unit

The new Solar telescope GREGOR is designed to observe small‐scale dynamic magnetic structures below a size of 70 km on the Sun with high spectral resolution and polarimetric accuracy. For this purpose, the polarimetric concept of GREGOR is based on a combination of post‐focus polarimeters with pre‐focus equipment for high precision calibration. The Leibniz‐Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam developed the GREGOR calibration unit which is an integral part of the telescope. We give an overview of the function and design of the calibration unit and present the results of extensive testing series done in the Solar Observatory “Einsteinturm” and at GREGOR (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)