基于小波理论的广西低温阴雨灾害天气波动特征

基于广西4个典型站点52年气侯资料的Morletd小波分析,对广西低温阴雨天气灾害波动频率规律进行研究,结果表明：①广西2-4月平均气温逐渐增高,低温阴雨的年总天数逐渐减少,结束日期逐渐提前;②广西2-4月平均气温变化存在30年、18．19年、12年和3年的振荡周期,其中30年周期为温度变化的主控周期;低温阴雨年总天数变化存在30年左右、10年左右和2．5年左右的振荡周期,主控周期南北分布不一致,由北向南,主控周期的尺度也逐渐变小;③广西2-4月平均气温和低温阴雨总天数在大尺度（30年）的振荡上表现出了一致性。研究表明,利用小波理论研究灾害天气波动规律具有很好的效果。     

Pumpellyites and coexisting minerals in different low-grade metamorphic facies of Liguria, Italy

Pumpellyite from four-phase assemblages (pumpellyite + epidote + prehnite + chlorite; pumpellyite + epidote + actinolite + chlorite; pumpellyite + epidote + Na-amphibole + chlorite, together with common excess phases), considered to be low variance in a CaO-(MgO + FeO)-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ (+Na₂O + SiO₂+ H₂O) system, have been examined in areas which underwent metamorphism in the prehnite-pumpellyite, pumpellyite-actinolite and low-temperature blueschist facies respectively. The analysed mineral assemblages are compared for nearly constant (basaltic) chemical composition at varying metamorphic grade and for varying chemical composition (basic, intermediate, acidic) at constant metamorphic conditions (low-temperature blueschist facies). In the studied mineral assemblages, coexisting phases approached near chemical equilibrium. At constant (basaltic) bulk rock composition the MgO content of pumpellyite increases, and the X_Fe3+ of both pumpellyite and epidote decreases with increasing metamorphic grade, the Fe³⁺ being preferentially concentrated in epidote. Both pumpellyite and epidote compositions vary with the bulk rock composition at isofacial conditions; pumpellyite becomes progressively enriched in Fe and depleted in Mg from basic to intermediate and acidic bulk rock compositions. The compositional comparison of pumpellyites from high-variance (1–3 phases) assemblages in various bulk rock compositions (basic, intermediate, acidic rocks, greywackes, gabbros) shows that the compositional fields of both pumpellyite and epidote are wide and variable, broadly overlapping the compositional effects observed at varying metamorphic grade in low-variance assemblages. The intrinsic stability of both Fe- and Al-rich pumpellyites extends across the complete range of the considered metamorphic conditions. Element partitioning between coexisting phases is the main control on the mineral composition at different P-T conditions.     

息烽新萝地热井成因浅析

贵州息烽县城南新萝地热探采结合井位于洋水背斜西翼南倾伏端,洋水背斜为勘查区主要热储构造,近东西向的区域性白马洞大断层为该区的热源通道。储热单元为寒武系金顶山组(1j)、震旦系灯影组、洋水组(Zbdn+y);盖层为寒武系金顶山(1j)、明心寺组(1m)、牛蹄塘组(1n)的页岩、砂岩、粘土岩;热储层为震旦系灯影组、洋水组(Zbdn+y)粉-细晶白云岩、块状内碎屑白云岩、藻屑白云岩。地热井开采深度2500余米,最大开采量约1500 m3/d,热矿水井口温度46℃,为低温温热水地热资源。热矿水水化学类型为弱碱性水锶矿泉水,勘查类型热储类型为带状与层状组合热储(Ⅱ-3型)。     

亚欧中纬度关键区正位势高度距平场配置与中国冬季区域性极端低温事件的联系

基于中国地面台站观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,研究了欧亚中纬度500 hPa高度场关键区正异常配置及其与中国冬季区域性极端低温事件(Regional Extreme Low Temperature Events, RELTE)的联系。结果表明,发生RELTE时乌拉尔山(简称乌山)、贝加尔湖(简称贝湖)和雅库茨克—鄂科斯克海(简称雅鄂)附近的某一区域出现高度场正异常的概率为0.83,即欧亚关键区500 hPa正高度距平场的相互匹配是形成RELTE的直接原因。在此基础上,将三个关键区域高度场异常配置分为7种类型:乌山型、贝湖型、雅鄂型、乌山—贝湖型、乌山—贝湖—雅鄂型、乌山—雅鄂型、贝湖—雅鄂型。不同类型异常模态对应的RELTE在空间分布、持续时间和强度等各有差异,如:乌山型对应RELTE以全国型为主,平均持续天数达14.2天;乌山—雅鄂型对应的RELTE以东北—华北型为主,事件平均持续天数为14.1天。此外,不同类型的异常配置均对应有超前于RELTE的前期特征,平均超前时间为1~8天不等。超前天数的空间分布、高度场异常的时间演化,进一步揭示了乌山以西和雅鄂以东两个方向高度场异常的发展并形成多种环流异常模态的过程,也验证了RELTE存在前期信号的可能性。     

中国大范围持续性低温事件与中国南方降水异常

本文利用1951~2009年的数据资料,探讨了与冬季大范围持续性低温事件对应的中国南方降水多寡的原因以及不同降水类型事件的不同前兆信号。主要结果如下:(1)欧亚大陆中高纬大型斜脊斜槽是中国大范围持续性低温事件的关键环流特征。降水偏多型和偏少型低温事件的中高纬环流系统存在显著差异:当大型斜脊的纬向尺度较大且其正高度距平中心偏强时,斜槽的负距平中心靠近东亚大槽区,西伯利亚高压大范围加强,南侵冷空气活动偏强,使中国南方地区降水偏少。相反,当大型斜脊的纬向尺度相对小时,斜槽位置偏西,西伯利亚高压加强范围偏小,南侵冷空气活动也偏弱,有利于中国南方地区降水偏多。(2)在低温事件中我国南方地区的降水多寡,也取决于西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽。当西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽加强时,来自西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾的三支暖湿气流到达我国南方地区,导致南方降水偏多,反之亦然。(3)不同降水类型低温事件的前兆环流信号(之前1~3侯)显著不同。降水偏多型低温事件前期,源自北大西洋地区的波列向东亚地区传播。降水偏少型事件前期,极涡在欧亚大陆一侧的次极区显著减弱,同时极涡呈两极型,一极伸向南欧及地中海地区,另一极伸向阿留申群岛。在中期—延伸期时间尺度上,这一结果可为持续性低温事件降水形势的预测提供依据。     

Changes in Magnetic Properties of Baked Archaeological Samples. Implications for Palaeointensity Determination

Rock magnetic investigations of archaeological materials of burnt clay from Eneolithic ovens (4500 years BC) showed particular changes with time in the magnetic mineralogy of samples, stored under normal conditions. Our results indicate that well-burnt clay from the archaeological materials contains a significant amount of very fine magnetic grains, which could notably influence the rock magnetic properties and behavior at room temperature. The main observations after 4 years of storage under laboratory conditions are as follows: 1) decrease in the final unblocking temperature of NRM from 600–620°C to 580°C and 2) increase in the capacity of laboratory TRM acquisition. The most probable mechanism responsible for the observed changes is supposed to be fast low-temperature oxidation of the finest (superparamagnetic) grains and the development of the maghemite shell in coarser single-domain grains. The Thellier palaeointensity experiments, carried out at the beginning of the study, showed very good results, which satisfy all acceptance criteria, applied to evaluation of the results, quite well. Palaeointensity determinations repeated 4 years later on samples from the same material showed the experimental results to be of significantly inferior quality. The main difference is the presence of the significant deviation (change in the slope) on the Arai diagram after T>350–400°C. The calculated palaeointensity is either higher than the one obtained before, or similar, but evaluated with large uncertainty. Therefore, we conclude that the possibility to obtain biased palaeointensity values increases during short-time storage (i.e. several years) due to the low-temperature changes of the material.     

低温水入渗条件下土壤水分温度动态变化

自制土槽试验装置,室内模拟低温水在河岸带土壤中非饱和入渗的过程。以填装中细砂为研究对象,进行了3种不同水头下的低温水入渗试验,对低温水在土壤中的入渗过程和水分、温度时空动态作了连续监测,分析了水头对入渗参数、水分场与温度场的影响规律。试验结果表明:在相同时间内,入渗水头越高,湿润锋垂直(水平)运移距离越大,垂直湿润锋的运移速度随入渗时间的增加有逐渐减少的趋势,最后逐渐趋于稳定;水头5 cm作用时入渗率波动较大,稳定时间大于水头25 cm和45 cm作用时土壤达到稳定入渗率所需的时间;入渗水头越高,平均温度下降越快,温度场也更快地达到相对稳态,水头25 cm在低温水入渗420 min后基本上达到稳态,水头45 cm在240 min后基本达到稳态。     

祁连山不同海拔低温原油降解菌群的分布特性研究

以祁连山南麓中端野牛沟土壤为研究对象,研究了不同海拔下低温原油降解细菌群落的分布特征。结果显示：研究区域具有原油利用潜力的低温降解菌数量为0.3×10⁵~1.4×10⁵CFU ·g^-1,随海拔的升高,菌群明显减少;同时通过16S rRNA基因序列分析共发现4个门、7个属、25种细菌,其中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）是优势属,并且位于海拔3597m处的菌株原油利用潜力均较高,而变形菌门的不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）利用原油生长的潜力最高。     

黔西晴隆矿区晚二叠世煤地球化学变异的地质成因

运用仪器中子活化分析(INAA)、电离耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)、电离耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP—AES)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、冷原子吸收光谱(CVAAS)、离子选择性电极法(ISE)、逐级化学提取试验(SCEE)等,结合带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEMEDX)和MPV—Ⅲ显微镜下观察的煤岩学特征的分析,对贵州晴隆矿区上二叠统含煤岩系8号煤层中微量元素的含量和赋存特征及其影响因素进行了研究。发现该煤层中Cu(263.4μg／g)、Cr(154．2μg／g)、Hg(0．86／μg／g)、Mo(82．47μg／g)、Ni(63．3μg／g)、Pb(200．4／μg／g)、Se(4．25／μg／g)、U(154．8／μg／g)、Zn(214．6／μg／g)和Zr(754．3μg／g)等元素异常富集;而As和F的含量不高,其含量分别为1．58／μg／g和83．4μg／g。逐级化学提取结果显示,该煤层中Hg、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se和Zn元素主要赋存在低温热液成因的黄铁矿脉中;Cr、U和Zr主要存在于粘土矿物中,其中Cr和Zr可能与康滇古陆陆源碎屑供给有关;Cu不仅与粘土矿物有关,而且也和煤中黄铁矿有关。表明低温热液流体和陆源碎屑供给对该煤中主要微量有害元素的含量和赋存特征起了决定作用。     

Anomalous winter temperature and precipitation events in southern China

This paper analyzed the anomalous low-temperature events and the anomalous rain-abundant events in January since 1951 and winter since 1880 for southern China.The anomalous events are defined using ±1σ thresholds.Twelve cold Januaries are identified where temperature anomaly below-1σ,and ten wet Januaries are identified where precipitation anomaly above +1σ.Among these events there are three patterns of cold-wet Januaries,namely 1969,1993 and 2008.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to check the atmospheric circulation changes in association with the anomalous temperature and precipitation events.The results show that the strong Siberian High(SBH),East Asian trough(EAT) and East Asian jet stream(EAJS) are favorable conditions for low-temperature in southern China.While the anomalous southerly flow at 850 hPa,the weak EAT at 500 hPa,the strong Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and the weaker EAJS are found to accompany a wetter southern China.The cold-wet winters in southern China,such as...更多 January of 2008,are mainly related to a stronger SBH,and the circulation in the middle to upper troposphere is precipitation-favorable.In wet winters,the water vapor below 500 hPa is mainly transported by the anomalous southwesterly flow and the anomalous southern flow over the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea area.The correlation coefficients of MEJS,EAMW(East Asian meridional wind) and EU(Eurasian pattern) to southern China precipitation in January are +0.65,-0.59 and-0.48 respectively,and the correlations for high-pass filtered data are +0.63,-0.55 and-0.44 respectively,the significant level is all at 99%.MEJS,EAMW and EU together can explain 49.4% variance in January precipitation.Explained variance for January and winter temperature by SBH,EU,WP(west Pacific pattern) and AO(Arctic Oscillation) are 47.2% and 51.5%,respectively.There is more precipitation in southern China during El Nio winters,and less precipitation during La Nia winters.And there is no clear evidence that the occurrence of anomalous temperature events in winter over southern China is closely linked to ENSO events.