No significant Alpine tectonic overprint on the Cimmerian Strandja Massif (SE Bulgaria and NW Turkey)

We provide the first comprehensive picture of the thermochronometric evolution of the Cimmerian Strandja metamorphic massif of SE Bulgaria and NW Turkey, concluding that the bulk of the massif has escaped significant Alpine-age deformation. Following Late Jurassic heating, the central part of the massif underwent a Kimmeridgian-Berriasian phase of relatively rapid cooling followed by very slow cooling in Cretaceous-to-Early Eocene times. These results are consistent with a Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Neocimmerian (palaeo-Alpine) phase of north-verging thrust imbrication and regional metamorphism, followed by slow cooling/exhumation driven by erosion. From a thermochronometric viewpoint, the bulk of the Cimmerian Strandja orogen was largely unaffected by the compressional stress related to the closure of the Vardar–?zmir–Ankara oceanic domain(s) to the south, contrary to the adjacent Rhodopes. Evidence of Alpine-age deformation is recorded only in the northern sector of the Strandja massif, where both basement and sedimentary rocks underwent cooling/exhumation associated with an important phase of shortening of the East Balkan fold-and-thrust belt starting in the Middle–Late Eocene. Such shortening focused in the former Srednogorie rift zone because this area had been rheologically weakened by Late Cretaceous extension.     

Metamorphic history of riebeckite- and aegirine-augite-bearing high-pressure–low-temperature blocks within the Siuna Serpentinite Mélange,northeastern Nicaragua

The Siuna Serpentinite Mélange (SSM) is a subduction-zone-related complex that contains diverse blocks of igneous and sedimentary origin, overprinted by various metamorphic conditions. The SSM is located at the southern border of the Chortís block and marks the boundary between continental and oceanic crusts in the western margin of the Caribbean Plate. The serpentinite matrix mainly consists of lizardite/chrysotile, Cr-rich spinel, and relict orthopyroxene that suggest a harzburgitic protolith and an upper mantle supra-subduction zone origin. Blocks within the southern and central regions range from Jurassic pelagic sediments to mafic/intermediate igneous rocks that are metamorphosed to various degrees, ranging from prehnite-pumpellyite/greenschist to likely blueschist facies (e.g. riebeckite-bearing metashale) conditions. In contrast, the northern section encloses almost exclusively epidote-amphibolite facies metabasite blocks, and minor mica- and chlorite-rich rocks of metasomatic origin, respectively. Some of the epidote-amphibolite blocks contain relic garnet-rich zones embedded in an amphibole-rich matrix. The garnets appear to record two generations of growth and contain mineral inclusions such as amphibole, apatite, titanite, aegirine-augite, and quartz. Thermobarometric estimates for the garnet-rich zones and epidote-amphibolite-rich matrix suggest a prograde blueschist facies at ~1.2 GPa and 400–450°C, an eclogite facies metamorphic peak at 1.5–1.7 GPa and 565–614°C, and a post-peak epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism. These pressure and temperature estimates indicate a classical clockwise PT path that has been observed in many palaeo-subduction zone environments worldwide. Phengite Ar–Ar dating of mica-rich rock yields 140 Ma and suggests an Early Cretaceous exhumation along the southern edge of the continental Chortís block.     

Origins of Xenolithic Eclogites and Pyroxenites from the Central Slave Craton, Canada

Major- and trace-element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositionsof garnet and clinopyroxene in kimberlite-borne eclogite andpyroxenite xenoliths were used to establish their origins andevolution in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneaththe central Slave Craton, Canada. The majority of eclogitescan be assigned to three groups (high-Mg, high-Ca or low-Mgeclogites) that have distinct trace-element patterns. Althoughpost-formation metasomatism involving high field strength element(HFSE) and light rare earth element (LREE) addition has partiallyobscured the primary compositional features of the high-Mg andhigh-Ca eclogites, trace-element features, such as unfractionatedmiddle REE (MREE) to heavy REE (HREE) patterns suggestive ofgarnet-free residues and low Zr/Sm consistent with plagioclaseaccumulation, could indicate a subduction origin from a broadlygabbroic protolith. In this scenario, the low REE and smallpositive Eu anomalies of the high-Mg eclogites suggest moreprimitive, plagioclase-rich protoliths, whereas the high-Caeclogites are proposed to have more evolved protoliths withhigher (normative) clinopyroxene/plagioclase ratios plus trappedmelt, consistent with their lower Mg-numbers, higher REE andabsence of Eu anomalies. In contrast, the subchondritic Zr/Hfand positive slope in the HREE of the low-Mg eclogites are similarto Archaean second-stage melts and point to a previously depletedsource for their precursors. Low ratios of fluid-mobile to lessfluid-mobile elements and of LREE to HREE are consistent withdehydration and partial melt loss for some eclogites. The trace-elementcharacteristics of the different eclogite types translate intolower _Nd for high-Mg eclogites than for low-Mg eclogites. Withinthe low-Mg group, samples that show evidence for metasomaticenrichment in LREE and HFSE have lower _Nd and _Hf than a samplethat was apparently not enriched, pointing to long-term evolutionat their respective parent–daughter ratios. Garnet andclinopyroxene in pyroxenites show different major-element relationshipsfrom those in eclogites, such as an opposite CaO–Na₂Otrend and the presence of a CaO–Cr₂O₃ trend, independentof whether or not opx is part of the assemblage. Therefore,these two rock types are probably not related by fractionationprocesses. The presence of opx in about half of the samplesprecludes direct crystallization from eclogite-derived melts.They probably formed from hybridized melts that reacted withthe peridotitic mantle. KEY WORDS: eclogites; pyroxenite xenoliths; mantle xenoliths; eclogite trace elements; eclogite Sr isotopes; eclogite Hf isotopes; eclogite Nd isotopes     

活动海岭俯冲对岛弧地质过程的影响

本文研究了海岭-岛弧体系的地质演化和海岭俯冲过程,通过有限元法对海岭俯冲的全过程进行了热模拟,分析了海岭俯冲过程中岛弧岩浆活动、变质作用及周围地区地表地形的变化。热模拟的计算结果表明:在海岭俯冲之前和俯冲完成之后,摩擦剪切生热使岛弧下100km深度形成温度反转,俯冲海洋板片内角闪岩相矿物在850-1000℃的相对高温下脱水,释放的水进入其上覆板块内热的地幔楔状体降低地幔岩石的熔点造成部分熔融,形成岛弧火山活动;而当热的活动海岭俯冲期间,近海岭处的年轻海洋地壳在较浅深度达到较高温度而提前脱水,原来的地幔楔状体内部分熔融区因缺水而使熔融停止,岛弧火山活动中断。但此时,活动海岭俯冲产生的热将会使前弧一定区域出现低温变质作用。在整个俯冲过程中,随海岭逼近海沟,温度升高,岛弧将因此逐渐抬升,因热作用而致的抬升高度可达440m左右.      

天津市单次极端低温过程中城市热岛对建筑负荷的影响

基于自动气象站实测资料,通过模拟天津市办公建筑逐时供暖负荷,重点分析了极端低温过程中城市热岛对建筑小时供暖负荷的影响,以期为精细化供暖调控和节能设计提供参考。结果表明：2009—2017年城市和乡村办公建筑供暖负荷均呈减少趋势,城市供暖负荷较乡村平均每年减少7.46%。城市热岛强度(Urban heat island intensity, UHII)每上升1℃,城市办公建筑年供暖负荷较乡村减少2.19 kWh/m²,即热岛强度的增加使城市办公建筑供暖需求有所减少,有利于城市建筑的供暖节能。以2016年1月21~25日典型极端低温过程为例,研究发现,低温过程中城乡小时供暖负荷明显增加,较低温前和低温后增加约10%~20%。受大尺度天气过程影响,低温过程中城乡气温差异变小,UHII减弱。低温前和低温后城市供暖负荷较乡村减少约6%~8%,而低温过程中城市较乡村仅减少约3%;另外,在低温过程中,北京时间07:00~19:00的高负荷时段城乡供暖负荷差异不明显,这些结果表明低温过程中城市热岛对办公建筑供暖负荷的影响不大。     

大别山东部榴辉岩同位素体系和变质作用的关系

大别山东部榴辉岩同位素地这研究反映出三方面的问题：（1）Sm-Nd两点等时线的不确定性;（2）部分高压－超高压变质年龄实际是片麻岩的分析结果：（3）首批发表的“C型榴辉岩”Sm-Nd年龄,测定岩石不是榴辉岩。大别山东部榴辉石年龄反映的是加里东期高压－超高压变质的年代学信息。进一步研究应着重于榴辉锆石成因及Sm-Nd体系适用性。岩相学是研究榴辉岩锆石成因的重要方法。     

Review of the low-temperature magnetic properties of magnetite from a rock magnetic perspective

The low-temperature magnetic properties of magnetite are reviewed, and implications for rock magnetism considered. The behaviour of fundamental properties of magnetite at low temperatures near the Verwey transition ( T _v ) are documented, and attention is given to various Verwey transition theories. The low-temperature behaviour of the magnetic energies that control domain structure is reviewed in detail. For the first time in rock magnetic literature, the low-temperature anomaly in spontaneous magnetization ( M _s ) is documented and the differences between the saturation magnetization and M _s near the Verwey transition are discussed. It is argued that the low-temperature behaviour of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and in particular the anomaly at T _v , is most likely to affect multidomain remanence during low-temperature cycling. For multidomain crystals it is calculated that the large increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy intensity and reduction in symmetry on cooling through T _v is likely to reduce the stability of closure domains.     

中国南方冬季异常低温和降水事件

This paper analyzed the anomalous low-temperature events and the anomalous rain-abundant events in January since 1951 and winter since 1880 for southern China.The anomalous events are defined using ±1σ thresholds.Twelve cold Januaries are identified where temperature anomaly below-1σ,and ten wet Januaries are identified where precipitation anomaly above +1σ.Among these events there are three patterns of cold-wet Januaries,namely 1969,1993 and 2008.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to check the atmospheric circulation changes in association with the anomalous temperature and precipitation events.The results show that the strong Siberian High(SBH),East Asian trough(EAT) and East Asian jet stream(EAJS) are favorable conditions for low-temperature in southern China.While the anomalous southerly flow at 850 hPa,the weak EAT at 500 hPa,the strong Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and the weaker EAJS are found to accompany a wetter southern China.The cold-wet winters in southern China,such as...更多 January of 2008,are mainly related to a stronger SBH,and the circulation in the middle to upper troposphere is precipitation-favorable.In wet winters,the water vapor below 500 hPa is mainly transported by the anomalous southwesterly flow and the anomalous southern flow over the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea area.The correlation coefficients of MEJS,EAMW(East Asian meridional wind) and EU(Eurasian pattern) to southern China precipitation in January are +0.65,-0.59 and-0.48 respectively,and the correlations for high-pass filtered data are +0.63,-0.55 and-0.44 respectively,the significant level is all at 99%.MEJS,EAMW and EU together can explain 49.4% variance in January precipitation.Explained variance for January and winter temperature by SBH,EU,WP(west Pacific pattern) and AO(Arctic Oscillation) are 47.2% and 51.5%,respectively.There is more precipitation in southern China during El Nio winters,and less precipitation during La Nia winters.And there is no clear evidence that the occurrence of anomalous temperature events in winter over southern China is closely linked to ENSO events.     

利用低温热史恢复大别造山带晚白垩世以来的古高度

造山带古高度的恢复对研究造山过程与古气候有重要意义。利用低温年代学热史数据恢复大别造山带晚白垩世以来的古高度。恢复流程包括将大别造山带低温热史模拟曲线数字化,提取时间温度数据,通过空间插值方法计算研究区域平均剥露厚度,再通过挠曲均衡校正,计算平均古高度变化量,最后通过2维积分计算古地形波幅降低量。结果显示:90 Ma至今,大别造山带平均剥露厚度达约5.44 km,而古地形平均高度降低2.86～4.16 km,古地形波幅降低的上限为4.49～6.53 km。     

西大别浒湾变质带洋壳和陆壳耦合俯冲的锆石U-Pb年龄记录及其动力学意义

西大别浒湾高压变质带是研究秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带演化的关键区域.本文对该变质带熊店和学河两地的两个榴辉岩样品进行了LA-(MC)-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素分析及Hf同位素测定.熊店榴辉岩岩浆锆石得到的年龄为406±14Ma,具有高的εHf(t)值(εHf(t)=11.3±1.3),年轻的亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM=578±52Ma),其来源可能为亏损地幔,进而说明它们的原岩可能为古特提斯洋壳物质;学河榴辉岩岩浆锆石的年龄为703±8Ma,具有略低的εHf(t)值(εHf(t)=4.11±0.94),较老的亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM=1105±37Ma),其原岩可能为扬子克拉通新元古代裂谷岩浆作用产生的新生陆壳物质.这些结果表明浒湾地区存在原岩形成于新元古代和志留纪两个时期的榴辉岩.熊店榴辉岩中变质锆石的微量元素特征与岩浆锆石类似,可能为完全重结晶成因锆石,其206Ph/238U加权平均年龄为316±1Ma,代表了洋壳榴辉岩榴辉岩相峰期变质的最早时间.学河榴辉岩变质锆石以低Th/U、Nb/Ta比值为特征,其REE组成模式为不明显的Eu负异常,HREE呈平坦型.这些特征反映了这些锆石形成时出现了较大数量的石榴子石与金红石,而缺乏长石.根据锆石Ti温度计计算学河榴辉岩变质锆石形成的温度范围是704～741℃,与榴辉岩相变质温度一致.它们对应的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为312±3Ma,可作为浒湾变质带榴辉岩相峰期变质年龄,这一结果表明浒湾变质带陆壳成因榴辉岩存在石炭纪榴辉岩相变质事件.空间上相近的古生代洋壳和新元古代陆壳具有相同的榴辉岩相变质年龄表明,浒湾变质带的洋壳和陆壳榴辉岩可能存在石炭纪的耦合俯冲作用.