靖安油田延长组长6段低孔低渗透储层特征及评价

靖安油田延长组长6段储层为湖相三角洲前缘砂体，长6期是三角洲建设的高峰期，发育三角洲水下分流河道与河口砂坝砂体及远坝微相。孔隙空间主要是原生孔隙及由次生原因形成的孔隙和裂缝。研究表明：孔隙的形成和演化受成岩作用的控制。主要成岩作用有机械压实作用，胶结作用和溶蚀作用。压实作用，胶结作用不利于孔隙的演化，而溶蚀作用有利于次生孔隙的形成。从而使某些砂岩段在低孔低渗储层中形成较发育的次生溶蚀孔隙的成岩微裂缝，并成为有效孔隙，通过综合评价认为，水下分流河道和河口砂坝微相为本区最好的储集层。     

潍北油田储层的成岩作用及成岩相划分

潍北油田位于山东省潍坊市北部，主要含油层系为古始新统孔店组，储层埋藏深。岩石类型主要为长石砂岩，岩屑砂岩，岩屑长石岩或长石岩屑砂岩等近源沉积岩类。成岩作用类型主要包括压实使用，胶结作用和次生溶蚀作用，其中压作用是使储层原生孔隙度迅速变差的主要原因。油田孔店组砂岩储层可以划分为两个成岩阶段，五个成岩亚洲。不同的成岩亚期发育不同的成岩作用类型。在成岩作用研究的基础上，笔者引入成岩相和成岩综合系数概念。成岩综合系数可以定量表征各种成岩作用的综合效应。利用视压实率与视胶结率作交会图。结合成岩综合系数与孔隙度，可以将孔店组储层划分为六种成岩相，其中以弱压实中胶结的DRF1型储集性为最好，中压实强胶结的DRF4型储集性最差。潍北油田孔店组储层主要属中压实中胶结的DRF3型，其次是孔二中亚段发的强压实中胶结的DRF5型与孔一下亚段发育的弱压实中胶结的DRF1型，局部出现其它三种类型的成岩相。     

成岩流体－矿物反应的地球化学动力学数值模拟方法

本文引用ＬｉｃｈｔｎｅｒＰ．Ｃ．（１９８８，１９９２）的渗透－扩散－化学反应三者耦合的时空连续性方程和准稳态近似法，建立了成岩作用过程中流体—矿物反应的地球化学动力学数学模型，并设计了数值模拟的计算方法和编写了计算程序。     

喀什凹陷白垩纪碎屑岩中流体包裹体研究

本文在成岩作用研究的基础上，对喀什凹陷白垩纪碎屑岩中的流体包裹体作了初步研究。通过包裹体的显微测温及包裹体的再平衡研究，得到碎屑岩的成岩温度及其经历的最大古地温，并利用包裹体资料对油气的运移及演化作了初步评价     

Hardbottom development and significance to the sediment-starved west-central Florida inner continental shelf

Hardbottoms are sequence boundaries and condensed sections that offer clues for the interpretation of the incomplete record of Tertiary continental shelf evolution. Seaward of 5 km, 50% of the inner west-central Florida shelf seafloor is flat hardbottom. These lithified surfaces are punctuated by shorefacing, scarped hardbottoms that trend shore-parallel (330°–0°) and vary in relief (up to 4 m). Scarped hardbottoms are the only natural relief on the inner shelf and support a diverse benthic community, the activities of which erode the outcrops, producing undercuts in excess of 1 m. Outcropping hardbottom strata are comprised of distinct, phosphate-rich, mixed carbonate–siliciclastic lithofacies, that range in age from Miocene to Quaternary. Miocene units are dolomite-rich and mark the upper surface of the inner shelf bedrock (Hawthorn Group). Dolomite within these beds (silt-sized, cloudy centered rhombs) fall into two age groups, correlating with highstands at 15 and 5 Ma. This lithofacies is consistent with models that indicate an increased flux of organic matter – resulting from topographically induced upwelling – promoting dolomitization during early burial diagenesis in the sulfate-reduction zone. Quaternary units are calcite-rich and perched atop the shelf bedrock. Samples of these units record a complex diagenetic history and multiple sea-level fluctuations. Based on evidence of primary marine cementation, they are interpreted to be hardground (non-deposition) surfaces, forming as a function of sediment starvation and minimal sediment movement. Decreased highstand magnitude or duration may have resulted in the absence of a significant organic component to Quaternary hardbottoms, which, in turn, may prevent subsequent dolomitization. These outcrops are a potential source for sediments to the inner shelf, not only as habitat for biological sediment production, but also through their destruction. The undercut, shorefacing, scarped hardbottom morphology displayed by west-central Florida hardbottoms is indicative of bio-erosion. Preliminary studies indicate a potential mass of 0.04 kg m⁻² yr⁻¹ of siliciclastic sediment is released to the inner shelf.     

冲绳海槽北部CS1孔岩石磁学特征及其早期成岩作用的影响

以2～4cm为间隔，对冲绳海槽北部的CSH1孔岩心（17．36m）进行了岩石磁学研究．根据岩心上部的两个特征火山灰层和浮游有孔虫组合分析建立了钻孔的时间框架，沉积物底部年龄可能为50ka．除了在三个火山灰层和近表层向下的快速降低外，整个钻孔磁学参数的变化甚小，未能反映出50ka来的气候变化．与大多数沉积物不同，该钻孔大多数层位的S值（S=-IRM-0.3T/SIRM，它代表了低矫顽力磁性矿物的含量）小于0.9，指示钻孔沉积物中存在相当比例的高矫顽力磁性矿物．代表性沉积物样品的磁化率-温度（K-T）曲线除了存在580℃磁铁矿的居里温度之外，还显示200-350℃的居里温度，指示样品中存在铁硫化物（胶黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿）．这与加热过程中有刺鼻的臭味、加热后的沉积物变黑对铁硫化物的指示相吻合．自生成因的铁硫化物的存在以及表层磁性参数的快速降低，都明确表明沉积物遭受了早期成岩作用．除了三个火山灰层以外钻孔的其他层位无特征磁学变化，表明沉积物后来受到的改造作用强烈，磁学参数所蕴含的原始气候信号被破坏．在这一系列氧化-还原过程中消耗了沉积物中的有机质和水溶液中的硫酸盐，造成了沉积物中铁、锰元素的重新溶解和沉淀等．     

Observations on the diagenetic behaviour of arsenic in a saline lake: Pyramid Lake,Nevada

We present, to our knowledge, the first dissolved arsenic (As) data from the pore waters of a closed-basin, saline lake, Pyramid Lake, USA. The As concentrations first decrease across the sediment-water interface to values below lake water concentrations and then rapidly increase to values as high as 5.85mol L^–1 at a depth of 15 cm. This maximum value is reached at the top of the sulfate reduction zone. The profile suggests that As is remobilized in the suboxic and anoxic zones of the sediments and is reprecipitated near the sediment-water interface under oxic conditions.     

Storage diagenesis versus sulphide authigenesis: possible implications in environmental magnetism

Experiments involving the gradual drying out of controlled mixtures of soil and organic lake sediment during storage at room temperature show that this leads to a loss of magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanence greatly in excess of the initial values for the sediment components of the mixtures. We conclude that during storage in the moist state, soil-derived, fine-grained, ferrimagnetic iron oxides (magnetite and/or maghemite) are transformed to paramagnetic and/or imperfect antiferrimagnetic minerals. The imperfect anti-ferromagnetic component of the initial mixtures, which probably includes goethite, appears to survive and may even increase during storage. The experimental results compare well with the previously documented effects of storing wet sediment from the site, Peckforton Mere, Cheshire, U.K., over a comparable time interval. We conclude that transformation of fine grained ferrimagnets during storage diagenesis may be responsible for many of the examples of loss of magnetic susceptibility and remanence attributed by other authors solely to the oxidation of an iron sulphide such as greigite. Only where greigite is positively identified is it valid to infer a contribution from it to the magnetic properties of lake sediments: loss of susceptibility or remanence during storage is not alone a sufficient basis for such an inference. Early drying of samples will normally avoid the effects of storage diagenesis; and recent sediment samples so treated will, where greigite formation, bacterial magnetite and magnetite dissolution are insignificant, provide a valid basis for source identification on the basis of magnetic properties.     

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩储层成岩作用和孔隙演化

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩储层是四川盆地重要的勘探目的层,受成岩作用的改造非常强烈。通过对岩心、普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、碳氧同位素、微量元素和流体包裹体等多种资料进行综合研究,详细阐述了主要成岩作用的类型、形成机理及其产物,分析了其对储层的影响。胶结作用和压实作用是原生孔隙和部分次生孔隙的主要破坏者;混合水白云石化作用、溶蚀(岩溶)作用、破裂作用是次生孔隙的主要建造者,其产生的溶孔、溶洞和裂缝是天然气的主要储集空间和运移通道。成岩作用是储层物性的主要控制者,控制了孔隙的演化过程。     

塔里木盆地北部地区白垩系—古近系储集性与储层评价

塔里木盆地北部地区白垩系—古近系储层岩性主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,主体处于中成岩阶段,主要储集空间为残留原生粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、基质微孔,但在不同地区、不同层段岩石组成、成岩演化、孔隙组合类型有一定差异,导致储集性差异明显,储集性主要受原始沉积环境、成岩作用控制。根据不同地区、不同构造带古近系、白垩系储层岩性、物性参数等将本区储层分为4个级别,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层可以作为油气勘探的主要目的层,Ⅲ类储层属低渗透储层可以作为寻找天然气的目的层,而Ⅳ类储层为特低孔特低渗非常致密型储层,甚至为非储层。