Synthesis of accelerations of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake ( M S 7.8) in near- and far-field by using semi-empirical method

In this paper a heterogeneous fault model of the Tangshan earthquake is suggested, which consists of two southern sub-faults striking N30°E and two northern sub-faults striking N50°E. Total length of the main shock fault is 114 km and seismic moment is about 1.4 × 10²⁰ N·m. The epicentre of the main shock is located at the southern part, near the intersection of the two bands. Accelerations of two aftershocks (M _L 5.5, M _S 6.9) were used as empirical Green’s functions to synthesize the accelerations of the main shock in near and far field. A method that small events and main shock are considered not satisfying the similarity relationship in the improved empirical Green’s function is also applied in this paper. Peak values, duration and response spectra of synthesized accelerations in far field are in agreement with the observed records. The synthesized results in near field are also in agreement with the epicentral intensity distribution of the main shock. The results show that the peak acceleration of Tangshan earthquake in epicentral region exceeds 1.1 g. It is consistent with the peak accelerations recorded in some large earthquakes occurred in recent years. The research is supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

皖东地区药用植物资源可持续利用研究

皖东地区自然条件优越，药用植物资源优势明显，不仅种类多、储量大，而且品质好、分布广。文章在对皖东地区药用植物资源全面调查研究的基础上，以药用植物的药用价值、分类学价值、特有状况、分布范围、野生资源数量、栽培状况等作为评价指标，分别对其进行相应的等级划分和等级赋值，建立了药用植物综合价值评价指标体系，并以此将皖东地区目前重点普查的218种药用植物划分为价值高的5种、价值较高的74种、价值一般的76种，价值低的63种，最后，就皖东地区药用植物资源可持续利用提出了科学规划、综合开发、规模引种、有效保护等基本对策。     

水合碱式硫酸镁晶须材料的水热合成

本文研究了水合碱式硫酸镁MgSO4·5Mg（OH）2·3H2O（以下称MOS）晶须的水热合成。良好的晶须可通过MgSO4·7H2O和Mg（OH）2间的水热反应生成。文中研究了各种合成条件对合成过程和产物品质的影响。当反应体系在温度为130℃～170℃、压力为304.0～810．4kPa的条件下，合成出的晶须具有很高的纯度，产率达90％以上，纤维长可达200μm，纤维直径为0．8～1．2μm。     

Sea-level changes and related depositional environments on the southern Marmara shelf

Petrographic data obtained from 182 surface sediment samples together with the available bathymetric data are used to investigate the effects of the last major sea-level changes on shelf evolution in the southern Sea of Marmara. Grain-size analysis reveals the presence of at least three belts or zones which are rich in coarse-grained (sand and gravel) sediments. These coarse-grained belts which are up to 45 km long, 15 km wide, show up to 20 m of relief and are presently found at 40–80 m (average 60 m) water depths. Based on microscopic examination and residual analysis, the sediments from these belts are interpreted as indicators of high-energy shallow waters where detrital siliciclastics, with some benthic contribution, accumulated. The presence of a 62–65 m deep sill in the Çanakkale Strait and the consideration of sea-level curves would suggest that the Marmara shelves must have been subaerially exposed down to −65 m water depths for about 10,000 yrs (22,000–12,000 yrs B.P.), sufficient time to modify former shelf topographies and form such bottom relief. While difficult to date, we believe that coarse-grained belts found on the southern Marmara shelf must be relict (i.e., former shorelines, beaches) and their formation is largely related to low stands of sea-level during the Late Pleistocene regression and early Holocene transgression. However, the available high-resolution seismic profiling data suggest that the neotectonism in this seismically active Sea of Marmara plays an important role to explain the raise of these older shorelines to their present levels on the sea-floor.     

Thiodicarb合成的研究

文中提出合成Thiodicarb的研究结果。拟定了合成Thiodicarb的合理步骤,对影响反应的各种因素进行了系统研究,找到了反应的优宜条件。首次对反应产物作出波谱鉴定。     

Field measurements of fairweather bottom boundary layer processes and sediment suspension on the Louisiana inner continental shelf

Field measurements of bottom boundary layer and sediment-transport processes were made on the Louisiana inner continental shelf in spring 1992 at a depth of 15.5 m, and in spring and summer 1993 at a depth of 20.5 m. Two different wave–current boundary layer/sediment-transport models were applied to the measured near-bed flows. In addition, the log-profile method was applied to estimate hydraulic roughness and bed stress. Consistent with the results of others, our measurements show that near-bed flows were very weak under non-storm conditions. Bed stresses were typically too low to resuspend bed sediments. However, the advection of high-turbidity layers or plumes past the instrumentation apparently caused a sustained period of high suspended sediment concentration throughout the log layer in spring 1993. In the absence of wave activity or high suspended sediment concentrations, boundary layer profiles showed the bed to have been hydraulically very smooth with

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cm. However, wave agitation, combined with increased suspended sediment concentration caused hydraulically rough conditions with

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cm.     

Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: an example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska

In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits.The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line.Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan, stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation.Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years),

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m³ of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of

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m³/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice.     

UV-B辐射对2种海洋微藻的生理效应

应用同位素标志法 ,研究了 UV- B辐射增强对三角褐指藻、扁藻核酸和蛋白质合成动态的影响。结果表明 ,三角褐指藻对 UV- B辐射增强的耐受性高于扁藻 ;UV- B辐射增强抑制扁藻的生长和 DNA的合成 ;低剂量的 UV- B辐射刺激三角褐指藻的生长和 DNA的合成 ;高剂量则表现出抑制作用。同时 ,随着 UV- B辐射的增强 ,2种海洋微藻 RNA和蛋白质的合成速度下降 ,其中扁藻合成速度的下降幅度明显大于三角褐指藻 ,表明三角褐指藻 RNA和蛋白质的合成对 UV- B辐射增强的敏感性低于扁藻。     

Physical properties of a porcellanite layer (Southwest Indian Ridge) constrained by geophysical logging

A distinct porcellanite layer from the Southwest Indian Ridge intercalated in Pleistocene diatom ooze was studied using nondestructive physical property measurements and sedimentological data. This bed was sampled by two piston cores at a water depth of 2615 m. The 3–5 cm thick porcellanite layer appears in the cores at a depth of 6.03 m (Core PS2089-2) and 7.73 m (Core PS2089-1) below the seafloor. Due to its characteristic physical properties the porcellanite bed can be detected with core measurements, and its distribution and lateral extent mapped with echosounding. The physical index properties, wet bulk density and electrical resistivity, increase significantly across this bed. Magnetic susceptibility is used to compare the lithological units of both cores and to distinguish whether resistivity anomalies are caused by a higher amount of terrigenous components or by the presence of porcellanite. The porcellanite has the special characteristic to affect a positive anomaly in resistivity but not in susceptibility. Most marine sediments, in contrast, show a positive correlation of magnetic susceptibility versus electrical resistivity; therefore a combination of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility logs yields a definite detection of the porcellanite bed. Images from the X-ray CT survey indicate that the porcellanite is lithified and brittle and fragmented when the piston corer penetrated the bed.     

Glacial–interglacial variations in Quaternary production of marine organic matter at DSDP Site 594, Chatham Rise, southeastern New Zealand margin

CaCO₃ and total organic carbon concentrations, organic matter C/N and carbon isotope ratios, and sediment accumulation rates in late Quaternary sediments from DSDP Site 594 provide information about glacial–interglacial variations in the delivery of organic matter to the Chatham Rise offshore of southeastern New Zealand. Low C/N ratios and nearly constant organic δ¹³C values of −23‰ indicate that marine production dominates organic matter supply in both glacial and interglacial times during oxygen isotope stages 1 through 6 (0–140 ka) and 17 through 19 (660–790 ka). Increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates in isotope stages 2, 4, 6, and 18 record enhanced marine productivity during glacial maxima. Excursions of organic δ¹³C values to ca. −29‰ in portions of isotope stage 2 suggest that the local concentration of dissolved CO₂ was occasionally elevated during the last glacial maximum, probably as a result of short periods of lowered sea-surface temperature. Dilution of carbonates by clastic continental sediment generally increases at this location during glacial maxima, but enhanced delivery of land-derived organic matter does not accompany the increased accumulation of clastic sediments.