青浦新城地下综合管线三维可视化应用研究

地下管线是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,是城市的“生命线”,本文深入分析了地下综合管线三维可视化应用过程中涉及的各类问题,并以青浦区地下管线三维可视化的应用为导向,提出了一整套管线三维可视化系统建设的流程和方法,实现了地下管线空间和属性数据的专业化、科学化管理,有效提高了管线规划的管理水平.     

Fusing remote sensing with sparse demographic data for synthetic population generation: an algorithm and application to rural Afghanistan

We develop a new algorithm for population synthesis that fuses remote-sensing data with partial and sparse demographic surveys. The algorithm addresses non-binding constraints and complex sampling designs by translating population synthesis into a computationally efficient procedure for constrained network growth. As a case, we synthesize the rural population of Afghanistan, validate the algorithm with in-sample and out-of-sample tests, examine the variability of algorithm outputs over k-nearest neighbor manifolds, and show the responsiveness of our algorithm to additional data as a constraint on marginal population counts.     

一种柴油机热力循环火用平衡计算法

针对柴油机热力循环的特点,提出了一种柴油机火用平衡计算方法,该方法可以计算出工质与冷却介质之间由于温差传热而引起的火用损失。计算结果表明,减少排气损失和工质与冷却水的温差传热损失、改善燃料燃烧过程是提高内燃机可用能利用率的主要途径。     

Lag prediction in ungauged basins: an investigation through actual data of the upper Tiber River valley

A comparative analysis of a variety of relationships for prediction of basin lag is performed by applying them to 23 basins located in the same geographical area and characterized by a rather similar vegetative cover. The results of computations indicate that a lag–area relationship with two constant parameters is the best predictor for most basins; under different vegetative covers in the same basin only one parameter should be variable. For a few other basins characterized by an anomalous drainage channel network of low density, such a relationship can lead to unacceptable errors. Thus, there is a need for an additional relationship to overcome this difficulty, but a larger number of anomalous basins would be required for its determination. An alternative procedure, based on the use of the non‐linear kinematic wave, which at least allows singling out the cases where a specific lag–area relationship is not reliable, is proposed. This procedure, therefore, represents a partial but very useful solution to avoid considerable errors in hydrological practice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CaPtO3 as a novel post-perovskite oxide

Structural, morphological, magnetic, and thermal properties have been investigated for a novel post-perovskite oxide CaPtO₃ synthesized under high pressure. By comparing obtained structural parameters with those for known post-perovskite compounds, we argue that the chemical bond has a strong covalent character. Precise measurements of the Langevin susceptibility χ ₀ = −9.6 × 10⁻⁵ emu/mol and Debye temperature θ ∼ 470 K provide a good opportunity to confirm the reliability of first-principle calculations on predicting physical properties of the Earth’s D” layer.     

A data-synthesis-driven method for detecting and extracting vague cognitive regions

Cognitive regions and places are notoriously difficult to represent in geographic information science and systems. The exact delineation of cognitive regions is challenging insofar as borders are vague, membership within the regions varies non-monotonically, and raters cannot be assumed to assess membership consistently and homogeneously. In a study published in this journal in 2014, researchers devised a novel grid-based task in which participants rated the membership of individual cells in a given region and contrasted this approach to a standard boundary-drawing task. Specifically, the authors assessed the vague cognitive regions of Northern California and Southern California. The boundary between these cognitive regions was found to have variable width, and region membership peaked not at the most northern or southern cells but at substantially less extreme latitudes. The authors thus concluded that region membership is about attitude, not just latitude. In the present work, we reproduce this study by approaching it from a computational fourth-paradigm perspective, i.e., by the synthesis of high volumes of heterogeneous data from various sources. We compare the regions which we identify to those from the human-participants study of 2014, identifying differences and commonalities. Our results show a significant positive correlation to those in the original study. Beyond the extracted regions themselves, we compare and contrast the empirical and analytical approaches of these two methods, one a conventional human-participants study and the other an application of increasingly popular data-synthesis-driven research methods in GIScience.     

基于模糊综合评价的桑沟湾增养殖区富营养化水平分析

文章简要回顾海洋水体富营养化评价方法,探索建立海水养殖区富营养化水平模糊综合评价模型,并就桑沟湾海水养殖区的化学需氧量、无机氮(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和氨氮之和)、活性磷酸盐、溶解氧、pH值、叶绿素a等指标进行了不同时段、不同时空的综合评价,系统分析综合评价结果的合理性,与其他富营养化评价方法进行了比较,得出用模糊综合评价方法取得的结果更有利于指导海水养殖生产的结论。     

Effect of NO2 in exhaust gas from an oxyfuel combustion system on the cap rock of a proposed CO2 injection site

A laboratory geochemical study was conducted using a drill core sample of cap rock from the Surat Basin, Australia, to investigate the effect of NO₂ contained in the CO₂ gas exhausted from the oxyfuel combustion process (oxyfuel combustion CO₂) on the cap rock. A gas (CO₂ containing NO₂) was prepared to simulate the exhaust gas produced from the oxyfuel combustion process. Two types of gases (pure CO₂ and CO₂ containing SO₂) were also prepared as reference gases. The effect of NO₂ on cap rock was studied experimentally using these gases. No differences in the amounts of leached ions and pH changes for CO₂ containing NO₂ (36 ppmv), pure CO₂, and CO₂ containing SO₂ (35 ppmv) existed. The pH values decreased immediately after CO₂ gas injection but increased with time as a result of mineral buffering. Leaching of Fe, Mg, Ca, and K was suggested to have occurred as the result of dissolution of Fe-chlorite, prehnite and illite-smectite mixed layer clay in the shale sample. The amounts of Ca, Fe, and Mg leached with CO₂ containing NO₂ (318 ppmv) were higher than those for pure CO₂. For the mixture containing 318 ppmv NO₂, the pH increased more than that for the other gas conditions immediately after the pH fall at the start of the experiment, because oxidation-reduction reactions occurred between Fe²⁺ and NO₃⁻. Moreover, the results indicated that some of the leached Ca and Fe were deposited on the shale sample because of the pH increase. Therefore, we concluded that the effects of NO₂ on mineral dissolution and pH changes of formation water are negligible when oxyfuel combustion CO₂ containing about 30 ppmv of NO₂ is injected into an underground aquifer. In addition, even if about 300 ppmv NO₂ is accidentally injected into the underground aquifer, mineral dissolution is suppressed due to the buffering of pH decrease after gas injection.     

南海北部亚热带滨珊瑚对低温的耐受能力

Marginal scleractinian corals growing at their latitudinal limits should be quite sensitive to variations in winter sea surface temperatures(SSTs). An extreme cold event occurring in early 2008 offered a unique opportunity to examine the effect of cold-water anomalies on Porites lutea corals and their physiological tolerance and acclimation in the subtropical northern South China Sea(NSCS). Besides in-situ observation, a subsequent aquarium-based experiment was designed for reproducing the chilling process and a 50-year-long Sr/Ca ratio profile from two P. lutea skeletal slabs was analyzed for reconstructed the historical annual minimum SSTs which ceased Porites calcification. The 2008 low-temperature anomaly caused the minimum daily mean SSTs dropped below 13°C in the Daya Bay. The stress symptoms displayed by local P. lutea colonies included polyp retraction, reduced coloration and pale, but none showed tissue sloughing. The ability of P. lutea to survive implied its tolerance of extreme low temperatures. Here we suggest a model on the tolerance of high-latitude Porites under low-temperature stresses, which is when SSTs drop below 18°C, Porites corals contract their tentacles(losing heterotrophic capability), then cease calcification(reducing energy consumption), and meanwhile maintain relatively high levels of zooxanthellae density(sustaining host's life via photosynthetic capacity of symbiotic zooxanthellae). This study revealed remarkable acclimatization of P. lutea corals to low temperature extremes. This acclimatization is beneficial for Porites corals in the NSCS to expand their living ranges towards the higher-latitude areas and have the potential to be the incipient reef former.     

城市开发区土地集约利用评价——以武汉市为例

针对城市开发区土地集约利用低、不能充分发挥其经济效益、社会效益和环境效益等问题,对各开发区进行了熵权模糊综合评价。本文以武汉市的16个开发区为研究对象,研究选取了重要程度较高,能客观反映开发区状况的10项指标,并利用熵权法对指标赋予权重;根据模糊变换原理及最大隶属度原则,构建了模糊综合评价模型;使用Python构建模糊计算流程脚本,输入权重及各指标值,计算武汉市16个开发区的结果向量,并利用最大隶属度原则确定了其对应的土地集约利用程度,从而得出武汉市16个开发区中处于集约开发利用的有4个,处于适度开发利用的有2个,处于过度开发利用的有1个,其余的9个均为轻度开发利用。采用ArcGIS查询统计和Voronoi图的C_V值对4个集约利用的开发区进行分析,分析了这4个开发区企业、行政村、学校、医疗机构、基础服务设施的分布与利用状态。本文采用的土地集约利用评价方法具有较高的适用性,可为土地集约利用程度的提升提供现实依据。