西安城市工业区和咸阳郊区大气降水S同位素地球化学

对2007年度西安城市工业区（主要包括西安市区和咸阳市区）和咸阳郊区永寿县的大气降水SO4^2-含量及S同位素组成（δ^34S值）进行了测定。结果显示,西安城市工业区和咸阳郊区大气降水的SO4^2-含量具有基本相同的年内变化规律,都表现为冬季高、夏季低的特征。而且除9月份外,其他各月份均是西安城市工业区高于咸阳郊区。西安和咸阳所有大气降水样品的δ^34S值都为正值,西安大气降水δ^34S值的变化范围为8．71‰．19．05‰,平均为13．41‰,咸阳永寿大气降水δ^34S值的变化范围为4．67‰—20．59‰,平均为11．23‰。相比国内其他地区大气降水的S同位素组成,西安和咸阳两采样点的大气降水具有相对较高的δ^34S值。在采样年度内,西安大气降水δ^34S值的季节变化规律不明显,而咸阳永寿大气降水δ^34S值则表现为冬季低、夏季高的季节波动规律。海相贡献比例计算结果显示,两地大气降水SO4^2-海相输入比例很小。再结合大气降水δ^34S值特征,推断认为西安城市工业区大气降水SO4^2-主要来自工业生产燃煤释放的SO2的转化,属于燃煤型大气污染,而咸阳郊区永寿县大气SO2则主要来自西安城市工业区大气SO2的扩散。     

高蜡油成因及其形成聚集的地球化学效应

全球湖相原油的含蜡量普遍较高,在辽河断陷大民屯凹陷、南阳凹陷原油的含蜡量高达59%.关于高蜡油的成因,最初有陆相高等植物成因说,近年来认识到低等水生生物也可生成高蜡油,但对部分高蜡油的成因机制依然不清楚.除了母质因素外,着重论述了微生物改造作用、催化合成反应、温度场效应、压力场效应、运移分馏效应等动力学作用和地球化学效应对高蜡油形成聚集与次生变化的控制作用.讨论了大民屯凹陷高蜡油的成因及其形成聚集的地质-地球化学作用.     

Influences of Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Fluids on the Re-distributions and Occurrences of Associated Elements in Coal——A Case Study from the Late Permian Coals in the Zhijin Coalfield, Guizhou Province. Southern China

The occurrences of associated elements and their genetic factors in the No. 30 coal seam in the Zhijin Coalfield were studied using instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer. And, a microscope photometer system (Leitz MPV-Ⅲ) was used to observe the characteristics of coal petrology. According to the influence degree by the siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, the organic matter is divided into four types: A, B, C, and D of the hydrothermally-altered organic matter (HAOM). The study shows that the high content of Fe (2.31%) is not from pyrite, but mostly from the siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. The occurrences of the associated elements in the four organic matter types are different. The contents of Fe, Si, and Al are decreasing, but S and Cu are increasing in the order of the HAOM-A, HAOM-B, HAOM-C, and HAOM-D. The losing rate of sulfur i     

湖北省主体功能区划方法探讨

讨论湖北省主体功能区划方法,认为湖北省主体功能区应分为6类。区划时选择县级行政区为基本分析单元,并遵循“复杂性系统工程—简单化假设处理—合理化分析识别”的总体思路;采用矩阵分类、矩阵分类与标准定位相结合两种路径,基于不同路径的主体功能适宜性评价指标体系既有共性也有差异;区划方法采用综合集成法,包括修正的熵值法和主成分分析法、系统聚类法、矩阵判断、叠加分析和缓冲分析等;区划成果在一定程度上打破了县级行政区界限,但保持乡镇行政区的相对完整性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米荧光粉Y4Al2O9:Eu3+的初步研究

用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了纳米荧光粉Y4Al2O9: Eu3+,用X射线粉晶衍射对其进行了物相鉴定,表明在900℃已经得到纯相的Y4Al2O9产物,并用透射电镜对其进行形貌和衍射分析,分析结果证明得到的产物为纳米粉末态晶体,产物Y4Al2O9:Eu3+粒径均匀,大致在20～50nm之间,平均粒径为30nm.并用荧光光度计对其荧光光谱进行了研究,光谱表明Eu3+在Y4Al2O9晶格中占据两种不同的位置.用λ =254nm的紫外光激发Y4Al2O9:Eu3+时,产生两条发光谱带,即由于5 D 0→7 F 1的跃迁产生在峰值λ =590nm处的橙色发光带,和5 D 0→7 F 2跃迁在峰值λ =610nm处的红色发光带.     

东北某盆地天然气水合物钻探施工实践

我国可燃冰陆地钻探刚刚起步,它有别于岩心钻探,有自己独特的地方,也有相同的地方。通过工程实例介绍了可燃冰陆地钻探钻孔技术要求,冻土地区塔基制作,可燃冰钻探取样,低温泥浆的配制、维护和使用等技术问题,并阐述了可燃冰钻探取样今后的发展要求。     

水镁石的低温化学合成及其矿物学研究

在低温条件下应用氯化镁法、氧化铁法和氮化镁法三种不同化学方法合成了水镁石矿物,并对其进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热分析研究。结果表明,三种不同方法合成的水镁石矿物的X射线衍射谱各有特点,对水镁石形貌的扫描电镜观察发现：氮化镁法合成产物呈六方板状;氧化镁法合成产物呈大的片状聚集体,但颗粒很小;氯化镁法合成产物多呈不规则粒状聚集体,粒度比较均匀。显然水镁石的形态受合成方法和条件的影响,特别氮化镁法合成的水镁石形状与温度有关,温度越高形状越复杂。差热和热重分析表明,氯化镁法合成水镁石的分解脱水特征温度比氧化镁法和氮化镁法合成水镁石的要低50℃左右,这可能与矿物颗粒的大小和形状有关。对这些合成水镁石的矿物学研究不仅具有材料科学意义,而且为研究天然水镁石成因和性质提供了实验室证据。     

基于模糊综合评判的洛川黄土地质遗迹保护等级评价

明确地质遗迹保护等级对其实际保护工作有着重要的指导意义。本文在研究国内外现状的基础上,采用模糊综合评判方法,评价了洛川黄土地质遗迹的保护等级,得出保护一般偏好的结论,并探讨了其原因,最后从地质遗迹保护内容、互动发展模式以及经营方式等方面提出了对策。     

The Effect of Air/Fuel Ratio on Properties and Reactivity of Combustion Soots

The dependence of specific properties of black carbon (BC) soots on fuel type and combustion conditions has been studied, and the effects of these properties on soot particle hydration and reaction with ozone determined. Series of soots were prepared from n-hexane, diesel and JP8 aircraft fuels, utilizing a flow combustion system designed for accurate control of the air/fuel ratio in premixed flames. It has been shown that, for each of these, linear relationships exist between the state of soot surface oxidation, surface area, unpaired electron spin density, and air/fuel ratio. The interrelationship of these properties potentially enables the preparation of soots with pre-selected characteristics by establishing combustion conditions for each fuel type. Predictable variations in these soot characteristics have been demonstrated through preparations near sea level and at higher elevation. Soot hydration and its reactivity with ozone are quantitatively related to surface oxidation and, thus, the air/fuel combustion ratio for soot's formation in premixed flames. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the soot-ozone reaction over the O₃ concentration and RH ranges 2–4.8 ppm and17–78%, respectively, is expressed by–d[O₃]/dt =k[O₃]²[H₂O]^0.2and is directly related to particle surface oxidation.     

南宁市大雾气候特征分析

利用南宁市所管辖8个站1965-2002年的观测资料，分析了南宁市大雾天气的分布情况和气候变化特征。结果表明：南宁市大雾的平均季节分布为冬季最多，夏季最少。各月大雾总日数出现频率呈双峰型，多项式回归分析结果表明大雾日数的年际变化呈逐渐减少趋势。