OH-bearing planar defects in olivine produced by the breakdown of Ti-rich humite minerals from Dabie Shan (China)

The partial breakdown of Ti-chondrodite and Ti-clinohumite during exhumation from ultra-high pressure to amphibolite facies conditions in garnet-pyroxenites from Dabie Shan (China) produces coronas of olivine coexisting with ilmenite blebs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of this newly formed olivine exhibit absorption bands in the hydroxyl-stretching region. Two intense peaks were observed at 3,564 and 3,394 cm⁻¹, identical in energy to peaks in Ti-clinohumite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the same olivine domains revealed the presence of a complex (001) planar intergrowth. These interlayers have a 1.35 nm repeat distance, which is characteristic of clinohumite. Such interlayers are also enriched in Ti with respect to the adjacent olivine as shown by energy dispersive spectrometry. The combined evidence from FTIR spectroscopy and TEM indicates that OH is incorporated along Ti-clinohumite planar defects. This study provides evidence that the nominally anhydrous phase olivine may contain OH as a humite-type defect beyond the breakdown of the hydrous humite minerals and confirms earlier suggestions that Ti plays a key role in OH incorporation in mantle olivine. We suggest that olivine containing Ti-clinohumite defects is an important phase for water transport in subduction zones and for the storage of water in cold subcontinental mantle. However, these defects are unlikely to be stable in hotter parts of the oceanic mantle such as where basaltic magmas are generated.     

甘肃北山黑山岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床橄榄石特征及成因意义

黑山铜镍硫化物矿床是近年在甘肃北山发现的大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,含矿岩体主要由含矿橄榄岩相和南部边缘的角闪辉长岩相构成。研究发现含矿岩体中的橄榄石属贵橄榄石(Fo值为81.54~86.87),其w(Ni)介于(801.53~2 703.19)×10-6;利用橄榄辉长岩中最高Fo值和主量元素反演,表明原始岩浆属高镁玄武质岩浆,w(MgO)=11.65%,w(FeO)=10.12%;橄榄石分离结晶模拟计算结果表明,橄榄石结晶过程中伴随有0.12%~0.17%硫化物熔离,深部岩浆房中橄榄石分离结晶程度小于3%,橄榄石与硫化物最小质量比约14∶1;隙间硅酸盐熔浆和硫化物熔浆作用明显,是造成早期结晶橄榄石成分变化的重要原因。     

大同新生代火山岩浆的快速喷发——来自橄榄石地幔捕掳晶的证据

量化研究幔源岩浆从源区运移至喷发或者侵位的时间尺度，对理解基性岩浆作用具有重要意义。然而，对于岩浆的喷发和就位的时间尺度研究仍缺乏有效的约束，位于我国华北克拉通北部山西大同新生代火山岩群是理想的研究地区。本文以该火山群～0.2 Ma喷发的神泉寺碱性玄武岩为研究对象，重点研究其中携带的地幔橄榄石捕掳晶来约束喷发前的时间尺度。通过对其开展详细的矿物化学研究，发现地幔捕掳晶核部的Fo值高达97.7,为极富镁橄榄石，结合其极低的Ca、Mn和Ni含量特征，认为它们捕获自被交代的地幔橄榄岩。另外，地幔橄榄石捕掳晶发育明显的CaO成分环带，表明其在地壳岩浆系统内经历了复杂的岩浆演化过程。地幔橄榄石捕掳晶反应边宽度变化很大，说明它们在源区被捕获时及在运移过程中经过了多次破碎过程。橄榄石捕掳晶最边缘的Fo值为70左右，平衡计算表明它们在边部已与主岩浆(碱性玄武岩)达到平衡。Fe-Mg元素扩散计时结果显示，橄榄石地幔捕掳晶仅在岩浆中滞留了几个月的时间。对于40～70 km的岩石圈地幔厚度来说，岩浆平均上升速率最快可能超过500 m/d。