江苏六合方山幔源包体橄榄石的位错构造研究

本研究采用光学显微镜(氧化缀饰)法和透射电子显微镜法,首次查明江苏六合方山玄武岩的包体橄榄石中存在自由位错、位错壁、位错弓弯、位错环、亚晶粒和位错扭折条带等显微、超显微构造,它们是包体橄榄石在上地幔高温、高压条件下发生塑性蠕变的产物,不同位错形态反映主矿物塑性变形的不同状态。根据橄榄石中自由位错密度和包体中辉石的化学成分,估算江苏六合方山地区上地幔某些流变学参数为:温度(t)为1052℃,压力(P)为2060MPa;深度(Z)为66.6km;流动应力(σ_1—σ_3)为51.3MPa;流动速率(ε)为3.6×10~(-14)/s;粘稠应(η)为5.7×10~(21),这些参数值与中国东部其它地区上地幔的同类参数值相接近。     

中国超基性岩变形变质作用与超微构造分析

通过野外及透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）等实验研究与综合分析，认为西准噶尔、祁连山、秦岭、喜马拉雅山、阿拉善和汉诺坝等地区的蛇绿岩型、绿岩型、暗色岩型超基性岩及其主要造岩矿物——橄榄石的结构类型、形成环境、变形、变质作用、位错组态、位错密度、布格氏矢量（ｂ）、滑移系及流动应力值（σ１—σ３）具有一定的共同性与差异性。根据橄榄石变形实验资料分析，有的相当于上地幔条件下高温蠕变阶段所形成，有的则属于进入地壳后低温流变的产物。     

橄榄石位错构造及其上地幔流变学意义——以河北省大麻坪二辉橄榄岩为例

本文运用氧化缀饰法对大麻坪幔源包体的橄榄石位错进行了研究,其主要位错类型包括:[100]、[001]位错壁、亚颗粒构造、(010)位错滑动环、位错网、交叉滑移位错、{110}滑动条带构造。根据稳定态亚颗粒统计,其数值为15.53—25.72μm,平均为20.65μm,位错密度为20×10~6—90×10~6cm~(-2),相应的差异应力分别为48.4—70.8MPa和44—92MPa。     

Mantle peridotite in newly discovered far-inland subduction complex,southwest Arizona: initial report

The latest Cretaceous to early Palaeogene Orocopia Schist and related units are generally considered a low-angle subduction complex that underlies much of southern California and Arizona. A recently discovered exposure of Orocopia Schist at Cemetery Ridge west of Phoenix, Arizona, lies exceptionally far inland from the continental margin. Unexpectedly, this body of Orocopia Schist contains numerous blocks, as large as ~300 m, of variably serpentinized mantle peridotite. These are unique; elsewhere in the Orocopia and related schists, peridotite is rare and completely serpentinized. Peridotite and metaperidotite at Cemetery Ridge are of three principal types: (1) serpentinite and tremolite serpentinite, derived from dunite; (2) partially serpentinized harzburgite and olivine orthopyroxenite (collectively, harzburgite); and (3) granoblastic or schistose metasomatic rocks, derived from serpentinite, made largely of actinolite, calcic plagioclase, hercynite, and chlorite. In the serpentinite, paucity of relict olivine, relatively abundant magnetite (5%), and elevated Fe³⁺/Fe indicate advanced serpentinization. Harzburgite contains abundant orthopyroxene, only slightly serpentinized, and minor to moderate (1–15%) relict olivine. Mantle tectonite fabric is locally preserved. Several petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the peridotite at Cemetery Ridge are ambiguously similar to either abyssal or mantle-wedge (suprasubduction) peridotites and serpentinites. Least ambiguous are orthopyroxene compositions. Orthopyroxene is distinctively depleted in Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and CaO, indicating mantle-wedge affinities. Initial interpretation of field and petrologic data suggests that the peridotite blocks in the Orocopia Schist subduction complex at Cemetery Ridge may be derived from the leading corner or edge of a mantle wedge, presumably in (pre-San Andreas fault) southwest California. However, derivation from a subducting plate is not precluded.     

江苏徐州白露山岩管地质特征及与金刚石成因关系探讨

近年来,在开展苏北原生金刚石找矿时,从白露山岩管中选获了2颗大颗粒金刚石,粒径均大于1mm,分别属ⅠaB型和ⅠaA型,这是苏北地区首次发现的大颗粒原生金刚石。本文在对白露山岩管的岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U- Pb同位素年龄以及金刚石特征等描述基础上,对岩管成因进行了分析,并探讨了该岩管与金刚石的关系。结果表明：白露山岩管的形态反映了裂隙- 中心式喷发的隐爆火山岩岩管的特征,其主体岩性为橄榄玄武岩,角砾成分包括橄榄玄武岩、灰岩、凝灰质、闪斜煌岩和片麻岩等。橄榄玄武岩总体具有高镁、低铝、低钛的特点,整体富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,高场强元素和HREE略亏损,与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）较为接近,但存在与岛弧玄武岩（IAB）相似的强烈Nb负异常特征。其形成于中新生代太平洋板块俯冲、华北克拉通岩石圈减薄背景下,起源于深约75~100 km的受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,在石榴子石稳定域由角闪石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩经2%~5%的部分熔融而来。 在岩浆演化过程中遭受了一定程度的地壳混染和分离结晶作用,然后在板内快速拉张的环境下,橄榄玄武岩浆沿构造薄弱地带侵入至地壳浅部隐爆形成,且在上升过程中捕获了大量的围岩角砾。金刚石不是白露山橄榄玄武岩的结晶产物,而可能是来自捕获的被徐宿弧形构造推覆掩盖的古生代含金刚石母岩。     

Olivine-hosted melt inclusions in Pliocene–Quaternary lavas from the Qorveh–Bijar volcanic belt,western Iran: implications for source lithology and cooling history

ABSTRACT

Silicate melt inclusions (SMIs) are small droplets of magma that become trapped in minerals during crystal growth. SMIs in olivine crystals can provide critical information on the range of melt compositions and processes that occur during melt generation, evolution, transport, and eruption. The Pliocene–Quaternary volcanic rocks in the Qorveh–Bijar volcanic belt of western Iran show porphyritic and microlithic textures, with olivine and clinopyroxene being the dominant minerals. Magnesian olivines in these volcanic rocks contain primary SMIs. The composition and characteristic of olivine-hosted SMI of these rocks are investigated to constrain the source lithology for mafic volcanism. Bulk compositions of the SMIs overlap those of their host rocks and extend to higher CaO/Al₂O₃ values. The estimated entrapment pressures and temperatures of the studied SMIs are 9.1–10.3 kbar and 1220–1355°C. The calculated mafic parental melt contains 42.36 wt.% SiO₂, low total alkalis (3.22 wt.%), and high MgO (16.1 wt.%). Exploratory calculations using pMELTS show that this parental composition underwent variable degrees of fractional crystallization, as reflected by the variable compositions of the SMIs. Several lines of evidence including pyroxene xenocrysts and high FeO/MnO, FC3MS (FeO/CaO – 3*MgO/SiO2), and Zn/Fe ratios (14–21), suggest that a metasomatized pyroxenitic source contributed to the genesis of the parental melt. Amphibole in the SMIs indicates a high volatile content in the parental melt, which we conclude was generated from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source. The pyroxenite source also contained garnet. Our geochemical results lead us to propose a new petrogenetic model. Specifically, we infer that a dense and unstable portion of the lithosphere underwent localized laminar detachment and downward flow, i.e. lithospheric drip. This drip underwent volatile-enhanced partial melting during descent through the underlying hot asthenosphere and generated the studied volcanic rocks.     

辽东中—新生代玄武岩的橄榄石斑晶和捕虏晶氧同位素组成及其岩石圈地幔演化启示

华北克拉通东部岩石圈地幔性质在中—新生代时期发生了重大转变,但细节还不清楚。本文对辽东半岛早白垩世(克拉通破坏峰期)小岭组玄武岩和第四纪(克拉通破坏后)宽甸玄武岩中橄榄石斑晶/捕虏晶进行了主量元素和氧同位素组成研究。早白垩世小岭组玄武岩斑晶橄榄石Fo为79～88,CaO>0.1%,具有高Ni/Mg(0.4～1.2)、低Mn/Fe(1.3～1.6)和低Ca/Fe比值(0.2～1.5)的特征,指示岩浆源区是辉石岩和橄榄岩混合的岩石圈地幔;高于正常地幔橄榄石的δ¹⁸O(4.77‰～5.96‰,平均值5.4‰)显示低温热液蚀变洋壳熔体/流体组分对地幔源区的影响。第四纪宽甸玄武岩捕虏晶橄榄石Fo值为88～92(平均值90),具有高NiO(0.3%～0.4%)和低CaO(<0.1%)、MnO(0.1%～0.2%)含量,显示主体饱满、与少量过渡型和难熔型并存的地幔组成特征;其δ¹⁸O(4.58‰～5.38‰,平均值5.3‰)与正常地幔值接近。结合华北其他地区地幔橄榄石氧同位素数据,发现早白垩世破坏峰期有较多俯冲洋壳来源的熔/流体交代岩石圈地幔,...     

五大连池地区火山岩年代学研究

本文对五大连池地区火山的喷发时代、活动时序进行了较为详细的研究。通过对样品中细晶橄榄石含过剩氩这一问题,对已有的年龄数据的可用性进行了分析对比,得到了五大连池地区火山岩中橄榄石含量对年龄数据的影响程度,即当样品中细晶橄榄石含量在5％左右时,对200 ka左右的年龄结果,其影响程度在5％以下。根据已有的同位素测年结果,将五大连池火山群的喷发时间分为1.3 Ma、0.9~0.8 Ma、0.6~0.45 Ma、0.38~0.24 Ma、0.16 Ma、0.09 Ma和270 a 7个时段;根据喷发时段,可以得出五大连池火山群活动自中更新世以来其喷发间隔大约为70~80 ka。     

苏鲁-大别山超高压变质带迟家店和碧溪岭石榴二辉橄榄岩橄榄石组构

大别山碧溪岭和山东荣成分别发育壳源和幔源的石榴二辉橄榄岩。它们在扬子板块向华北板块的俯冲过程中与俯冲板片一起经历了超高压变质作用。这两种原岩来源不同的石榴橄榄岩中的橄榄石具有相似的结晶学优选方位(LPO):[100]轴主板密垂直于面理面,[010]轴主极密平行于线理,这种橄榄石结晶学优选方位明显不同于高温地幔橄榄岩包体中的橄榄石组构,也不同于最近在超高压变质地体中发现的水导致的橄榄石组构。我们认为碧溪岭和荣成石榴二辉橄榄岩中的这种橄榄石组构可能是在相对较干的超高压变质条件下形成的。本研究为大陆深俯冲超高压变质石榴橄榄岩橄榄石组构特征提供了第一手资料。