三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩系油气成藏主控因素及模式

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系主要发育两套烃源岩,分别为哈尔加乌组上段和哈尔加乌组下段,油气藏形成的源控作用十分明显。通过烃源岩和原油地球化学的分析以及油源对比,发现不同类型原油的形成与分布严格受控于对应源岩的分布范围。分析表明,马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩系油气成藏的主控因素是优质烃源岩、强充注油源断裂和有利火山岩相带的合理配置。根据烃源岩与储层的配置关系,石炭系油气藏的形成可以概括为两种模式:一种为风化壳型成藏模式,油气聚集在石炭系火山岩顶部受风化淋漓作用改造的优质储层中,其中的油气来自下部烃源岩,运移通道为与烃源岩相沟通的油源断裂;另一种模式为内幕型成藏模式,储层为流体溶蚀改造的储层,其中聚集的油气来自邻近火山喷发间歇期沉积的炭质泥岩。     

中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩油气藏储层特征比较及其差异分析

在中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩储层母岩年代和岩性、储集空间类型以及火山岩岩相综合分析的基础上,探讨了火山岩油气藏的储层特征及其差异性。研究表明,中国古亚洲域火山岩储层的母岩发育年代西早东晚,西部的准噶尔、三塘湖和吐哈盆地发育晚古生代海相、海陆交互相的中基性安山岩、玄武岩及火山碎屑岩;东部的松辽、二连和海拉尔盆地发育中生代陆相中酸性流纹岩、安山岩。火山岩原生储集空间包括气孔、孔洞以及冷凝收缩裂缝等;次生储集空间包括各种溶蚀孔及构造裂缝、风化裂缝等。火山岩岩相可分喷出相、火山通道相、次火山相和火山沉积相。其中中基性岩类多以溢流相开始,相序类型为溢流相、爆发相/火山沉积相;中酸性岩类多以爆发相或火山通道相发端,主要相序为爆发相、溢流相/侵出相。溢流相一般发育原生气孔、构造缝;爆发相多为粒间孔,而侵出相以角砾间孔和原生裂缝为主。火山岩储层的差异受多因素影响,包括岩性岩相、喷发环境以及后期构造、成岩作用等。前者奠定火山岩储层形成与分布的基础和储集空间的发育程度;后者则改造储层的储渗性能。     

非地震方法在内蒙古地区乌兰盖盆地的应用

乌兰盖盆地属于松辽外围中新生代火山岩覆盖区,利用重力、磁力和大地电磁测深等非地震物探方法调查潜在沉积盆地分布和构造格架,为油气资源潜力评价提供依据。在充分研究盆地岩石地层物性特征的基础上,根据重、磁、电各方法的优势,采用互约束反演技术,开展综合研究,解释推断了盆地白垩系巴彦花群、侏罗系地层的分布形态及构造格架,指出乌兰盖断陷盆地具有很好的找油气前景。     

含有不整合面的钻井剖面中酸解烃的垂向分布规律

系统测量了不同时代、不同埋深的不整合面钻井剖面中酸解烃的分布,发现不整合面之下发育有总烃、甲烷浓度低而大分子烃类相对富集的烃类异常带,分析认为此异常带是风化脱气作用形成的脱气带,其厚度与下伏地层成岩程度有关。该发现对评价含油气盆地剥蚀与气藏保存、破坏的关系,不整合面对油气运聚的影响等有重要意义,也为解决剥蚀量恢复问题提供了新的科学线索。     

海底可控源电磁采集站的低时漂技术研究

海洋可控源电磁方法要求位于海底的多台可控源电磁采集站对微弱的电磁信号进行长期同步连续观测,对各台采集站的时间一致性严格要求。为解决海底无法进行GPS授时这一技术难题,提出了以高稳OCXO(恒温晶体振荡器)与精确授时GPS结合为硬件基础,形成通过下水前对钟、出水后对钟以及时漂补偿等组成的低时漂技术。通过室内及海洋试验,实现了多台海底可控源电磁采集站同步观测,显著降低数据同步误差。     

Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System

Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories: oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.     

Geochemical Evidence for Coal and Carbonaceous Mudstone as the Possible Major Oil Source Rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin,Northwest China

Petroleum geologists have debated whether the hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the coals, carbonaceous mudstones or coal-measure mudstones in the Turpan Basin. Based on the geochemistry analysis of the 20 crude oils and 40 source rocks from the Turpan Basin, some data have been obtained as follows: carbon preference index and methylphenanthrene index of the Jurassic oils are 1.16–1.45 and 0.28–0.80, and the ααα C29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R) and C29 sterane ββ/(ββ+αα) are 0.44–0.51 and 0.4–0.54 respectively, which show the normal maturity of oils; the vitrinite reflectance of the source rocks from the Xishanyao to Badaowan Formations range from 0.47% to 0.97%, which indicate immature to mature thermal evolutionary stage and sufficient conditions for generating mass mature oil. The effect of hydrocarbon expulsion should be considered when studying the source of coal-derived oil by using Biomarkers. Biomarkers in the Jurassic oils from the basin are similar to those in the coals and carbonaceous mudstones, with a strong predominant content of pristane, relatively high ratio of C15/C16 sesquiterpenoids (>1), a relatively high content of low carbon number tricyclic terpanes and C24 tetracyclic terpane, little gammacerane and C29 Ts detected, an absolute predominant content of C29 sterane and a relatively high content of diasterane. However, the opposite characteristics are shown in mudstones, with an approximately equal content of pristane and phytane, relatively low ratio of C15/C16 sesquiterpenoids (<1), a relatively high content of high carbon number tricyclic terpanes and a low content of C24 tetracyclic terpane, peaks of gammacerane and C29 Ts detected obviously and an increasing C27 sterane content. All of these characteristics identify the coals and carbonaceous mudstones as the possible major oil source rocks in this area, and they were formed in the stronger oxidizing environment with shallower water than mudstones.     

河南濮城油田沙二上2+3砂层组末端扇沉积特征及剩余油分布

本文以濮城油田沙二上2+3砂层组为例,分析了末端扇储层的沉积特征,建立了末端扇沉积模式,确定了剩余油分布.末端扇储层分为近端亚相、中部亚相和远端亚相,中部亚相的分流河道微相是主要储集砂体.剩余油平面上主要集中在分流河道侧翼过渡区及近水道漫溢、远水道漫溢和分散的井网难控制的小透境体中,垂向上集中在正韵律顶部和反韵律底部等物性差的地方.二砂组主要富集在S23、S24小层的近气顶区,三砂组主要富集在S34、S35小层的濮53、文17断块构造高部位及注采不完善的地区.     

山东东营凹陷新近系地层水化学场特征及油气意义*

为揭示中国东部新生代浅部地层水化学场响应及油气意义,在东营凹陷新近系试油资料统计分析的基础上,对东营凹陷新近系的水化学场特征进行了研究。结果表明,与古近系沙河街组三段与四段封闭性滞留型水化学场特征明显不同,新近系馆陶组和明化镇组总体以低矿化度的NaHCO₃型地层水为主体（矿化度小于5 g/L）;其水化学剖面宏观上具有一定的分带性,大致可以划分为3种水文环境：强开放性水文流畅带(0～0.7km)、弱开放性水文阻滞过渡带(0.7～1.1km)和相对封闭性水文迟缓带(＞1.1km);在不同的水化学作用带,水岩作用和地层水矿化度、离子和离子参数具有不同的响应;东营凹陷新近系Ca相对海水富集(Ca_excess)和Na相对海水亏损(Na_deficient)的定量关系Ca_excess≤0.2367Na_deficient-0.6261,显示出明显的钠亏损特征,钙富集量也远低于世界盆地流体线(Basin Fluid Line,BFL;Davisson,1996)所代表的富集量,与同凹陷古近系沙三、沙四段封闭性水文地质系统中钠相对富集特征也明显不同,反映了地层水蒸发浓缩作用弱及与地表水交替活动强烈的水文地质作用特征;地层水化学场的分布影响了原油密度和天然气的分布规律,使得东营凹陷新近系原油密度与天然气相对密度在剖面上的分布规律与地层水分有良好的一致性。     

温度对马尾藻及其油页岩混合物热解产气特性的影响

【目的】研究马尾藻及其油页岩混合物在不同温度下的热解产气特性。【方法】利用燃烧烟气污染物测试实验台,测量马尾藻及其油页岩混合物在温度区间400℃至800℃下CO和H_2的排放特性,包括峰值浓度、峰值时间和平均浓度。【结果】马尾藻以及其油页岩混合物的热解过程可分为慢速析出、快速析出和降速三个阶段。马尾藻单独热解实验中,排放的CO体积分数峰值达到10 367×10~(-6)。温度的升高有利于马尾藻在热解中CO和H_2的析出,反应的开始时间和完成时间均有所提前。在马尾藻与油页岩混合物的热解中,H2的析出在700℃时达到最高(体积分数峰值为1 254×10~(-6))。油页岩的加入迟滞了CO和H_2的排放时间。【结论】油页岩的加入有效减少马尾藻热解过程中CO的排放并缩短反应时间,提高效率节省能源,马尾藻与油页岩的混合热解具有良好的应用前景。