大西洋和西太平洋海域热带气旋海表面入流角和拖曳系数特征对比分析

本文利用大量全球定位下投式探空仪(dropsonde)资料,对15个大西洋飓风和11个西太平洋台风海域的入流角频数分布差异进行对比,探究在热带气旋不同强度和不同边界层平均风速下入流角的分布特征,分析了两个海域拖曳系数随入流角变化的趋势.结果表明,两海域在热带气旋背景下的入流角分布具有共同点:在强度更大的热带气旋里入流角...     

Comparison of the return period for landslide-triggering rainfall events in Japan based on standardization of the rainfall period

The intensity of rainfall events with potential to cause landslides has varying temporal characteristics. In this study, the time at which the 72-h accumulated rainfall reached its maximum was used to standardize the period of rainfall measurement. The proposed standardization of the rainfall period was used in conjunction with the return level of rainfall intensity, obtained from intensity–duration–frequency curves, to investigate rainfall intensity anomalies associated with 10 hazardous rainfall events that triggered numerous landslides at the regional scale in Japan. These landslides included shallow landslides in volcanic and non-volcanic areas, as well as deep-seated landslides. The rainfall events that triggered the shallow landslides were divided into two types: downpours that repeatedly reached close to the 100-year return level within approximately 3–4 h, and accumulated rainfall that reached close to 200–400 mm over longer time intervals but within 72 h. Lithological differences seemed unrelated to the differences between the two types of shallow-landslide-triggering rainfall; however, precipitation >1000 mm was necessary to trigger deep-seated landslides. Although the characteristics of the hyetographs differed markedly among the landslide-triggering rainfall events, all the landslides could have been triggered when the mean rainfall intensity reached the 100-year rainfall level during the standardized period. Thus, the landslide trigger can be evaluated indirectly based on the increase in the return level of the mean rainfall intensity, which could provide a means for estimating the time of landslide occurrence.     

2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震前后地壳振动异常分析

宽频带地震仪可以连续不断地记录地面振动信号,进而探索地壳振动的变化与地震前兆之间的物理关联性.选取2019年6月17日四川长宁Ms6.0地震前后的震中500km范围内15个宽频带地震仪的连续波形数据,通过傅里叶变换计算分析地震前后的地壳振动低频信号(8×10-5～2×10-4Hz)的振幅谱变化,并对低频信号源进行定位,...     

一种起伏地表条件下的照明补偿方法

起伏的地表条件限制了采集孔径范围并造成深层地震照明不足,为改善该类地区的成像质量,本文提出了一种起伏地表条件下的照明补偿方法.首先,基于小波束波场延拓算子和逐步累加的外推方法在波场延拓过程中解决起伏地表面的影响,并引入空间滤波函数压制虚拟层内的偏移噪音;其次,利用局部指数标架对上、下行波场分解,得到局部角度域成像和照明补偿因子.再次,利用计算出的成像值和照明补偿因子,在局部倾角域完成照明补偿.SEG起伏地表模型测试证明了本方法的有效性,深层构造照明度明显加强,不同角度成像振幅更加均衡,该技术为提高起伏地表地区的成像品质提供了新的手段.

     

Pore-scale contact angle measurements at reservoir conditions using X-ray microtomography

Contact angle is a principal control of the flow of multiple fluid phases through porous media; however its measurement on other than flat surfaces remains a challenge. A new method is presented for the measurement of the contact angle between immiscible fluids at the pore scale at reservoir conditions (10 MPa and 50 °C) inside a quarry limestone through the use of X-ray microtomography. It is applied to a super-critical CO₂–brine–carbonate system by resampling the micro-CT data onto planes orthogonal to the contact lines, allowing for vectors to be traced along the grain surface and the CO₂–brine interface. A distribution of contact angles ranging from 35° to 55° is observed, indicating that the CO₂–brine–carbonate system is weakly water-wet. This range of contact angles can be understood as the result of contact angle hysteresis and surface heterogeneity on a range of length scales. Surface heterogeneity is examined by comparison of micro-CT results with optical thin sections and SEM images.     

图像重建块迭代算法中松弛参数选取的研究

在图像重建中,Landweber迭代算法是图像重建算法中的重要方法。本文将针对Landweber分块迭代算法中松弛参数的选取进行研究。在重建过程中采取对投影矩阵按投影角度分块的方法,选取特定的松弛参数。通过数值实验得出结论:对于按角度分块的块迭代算法,松弛参数选取为λ乘以块矩阵与其共轭转置矩阵乘积的最大特征值分之一,当采集完全投影数据,且λ接近(1/6)~(1/7)时效果最好。另外,本文按角度分块的做法和松弛参数的选取方法对于有限角度图像重建问题也是可行的。     

太阳风压力系数的研究

利用全球磁流体力学(MHD)的模拟结果,研究了太阳风压力系数与上游太阳风参数和日下点磁层顶张角的相关性.在识别出日下点附近磁层顶位置后,通过拟合得到日下点附近的磁层顶张角.在考虑上游太阳风中的磁压和热压以及磁层顶外侧的太阳风动压的情况下,计算了太阳风压力系数.通过分析行星际磁场不同方向时太阳风动压在日地连线上与磁压和热压的转化关系,详细研究了太阳风参数和日下点磁层顶张角对太阳风压力系数的影响,得到以下相关结论:(1) 在北向行星际磁场较大(Bz≥5 nT)时,磁层顶外侧磁压占主导,南向行星际磁场时磁层顶外侧热压占主导;(2) 太阳风压力系数随着行星际磁场的增大而增大,随着行星际磁场时钟角的增大而减小;并且在行星际磁场大小和其他太阳风条件相同时,北向行星际磁场时的太阳风压力系数要大于南向行星际磁场时的;北向行星际磁场时,太阳风压力系数随着太阳风动压的增大而减小,南向行星际磁场时,太阳风压力系数随着太阳风动压的增大而增大;以上结论是对观测结果的扩展;(3) 最后,我们还发现太阳风压力系数随着日下点磁层顶张角的增大而增大.     

云南区域数字地震台网的监测能力与限幅问题

采用地噪声包络幅度作为背景噪声的统计特征量,利用噪声峰值角频率处的地噪声速度振幅与对应的地噪声位移振幅Aμn的转换关系,把Av换算成近震震级公式中所需的位移量Aμ,在此基础上,计算了云南数字地震台网的监测能力,计算结果与实际观测结果相符.同时,分析了云南"九五"地震监测台网的大震限幅问题.     

局部角度域波传播步进算法研究

本文从非均匀介质中波动方程出发,提出了基于一般标架的相空间（局部角度域）波传播的步进算法. 该方法在构造单程波的步进算法时,在选择标架或正交基等方面有更大的自由度. 我们以不随频率及深度变化且具有变尺度特性的Gabor_Daubechies紧标架为例,给出了单程波传输算子的具体形式及相应的波场步进算法;详细讨论了基于Gabor_Daubechies标架的传输算子的高频渐近展开问题,得出了在高频、小传输步长条件下传输算子的近似解析表达式,并给出使用条件. 通过模型算例,比较了精确传输算子与高频近似传输算子用于非均匀介质中波传播的结果,说明在一定条件下由两者得出的波场几乎是相同的.     

首都圈数字地震台网交互处理系统的定位稳定性探讨

选取了2003年1月~2004年4月河北省及邻省ML≥2.0级地震149个,针对每个地震记录的具体情况,综合考虑最大空隙角、近台距离、远台距离、台数等因素,选取台站分布相对合理的4~12个台站,利用首都圈数字地震台网交互处理系统提供的Hypo81、GELor-p、Genetic3种定位方法分别进行定位处理,将3种定位结果与全国地震月报目录进行对比得到定位偏差量,定量分析了3种定位方法的定位偏差量随空隙角的变化,探讨了Hypo81、GELor-p、Genetic3种定位方法的定位效果、稳定性及适用性。