宁夏灵盐地区荒漠化灾害与农牧业持续发展

分析了宁夏灵盐地区荒漠化灾害过程中自然环境与人力活动的相互作用，并讨论了区域农牧业经济发展的“退耕还牧”治沙等社会问题。在第四纪地质时期荒漠化的发生发展是一种“气候－地貌”的自然过程；在人类历史时期是气候主控下人为叠加干扰的“自然－人为”地貌过程。自然环境与人为活动具有使荒漠化发生正向或逆转变化的双重机制。     

有机质热演化与极低级变质作用

岩石中有机质热演化特征可以灵敏于反映岩石的成岩作用到变质作用之间（即极低级变质作用）的温度、压力变化情况。笔者对有机质热变指标在极低级变质作用界线、变质带划分和变质作用温度、压力和时间演化等方面的应用进行了综述和探讨。     

长江三峡坝区断裂构造的形成和演变的最新研究

基底岩体内存在4组断裂构造。这些断裂、裂隙并非岩体的原生构造，而属于构造成因。根据断裂内岩脉侵入、岩石蚀变作用、结构面特征和构造岩类型的分析研究，认为断裂具有多期活动性的特点。对比基底岩体和沉积盖层的构造，确认岩体中的断裂构造在晚元古代晋宁期就已基本形成，以后在燕山期黄陵背斜出现时，喜马拉雅期断块构造产生时，断裂多次重新活动，演变为新的断裂系统。     

九甸峡工程区断层测年结果研究与讨论

断层的年代测定是研究断层活动性的重要内容之一。然而, 一个工程同一条断层会出现不同的测年结果, 从而引起争议和难予决断。近年来我们通过几个大型工程区域稳定性研究, 对此获得了一些认识。本文以洮河九甸峡地区几条主干断层为研究对象, 采用同位素年龄测定与野外地质调查和显微构造分析相结合的方法, 对断层测年问题作一分析和讨论, 也许对岩土工程断层活动性研究有一定参考价值。     

中低温对流型地热系统

中低温对流型地热系统在自然界和我国有着广泛的分布。这类地热系统在阐明地区构造活动性、地热资源形成、分布以及水－岩相互作用和有用元素富集成矿等方面均有着十分重要的意义。文章重点介绍中低温对流型地热系统的特点及其形成模式、在我国的分布，并以漳州地区为例作出实例剖析。     

泡沫泥浆钻进工艺及护壁堵漏机理研究

介绍了所研制的ＤＦ－１型泡沫剂组分及性能；对泡沫泥浆钻进的配方进行了研究，得出的最优配方应用于现场，取得了较好的效果，并对泡沫泥浆的护壁机理进行了研究。     

低温条件下有机酸对铁、铜的淋滤实验研究

水／岩作用实验研究表明，在低温条件下柠檬酸、草酸和酒石酸对岩石中的铁、铜都有很高的淋滤率。这表明，在表生地质作用过程中有机酸对成矿元素有很强的活化能力。实验研究同时发现，有机酸对成矿元素的活化能力受其分解温度的限制，由于大部分有机酸的分解温度都在２５０℃以下，因而有机酸对成矿元素的活化仅限于低温条件。本次研究还显示，判断一种岩石能否成为矿源层，不能简单的以其中成矿元素的含量高低作为标准，其中更关键的因素是元素在岩石中的存在形式，如果成矿元素在岩石中难以活化的形式存在，那么含量再高也无法提供成矿物质     

岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系

结合国内外众多含油气盆地中岩浆活动对油气生储盖及圈闭等条件的影响，探讨了岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系。岩浆活动伴随的高热流可以提高盆地古地温，加速烃源岩演化，亦将使与岩浆岩毗邻的烃源岩达到高成熟或过成熟；岩浆岩及其围岩蚀变带可成为良好的特殊储层；岩浆活动还可形成一些特殊类型的圈闭。另一方面，若岩浆活动时间与油气生成、运移与聚集时间不匹配，将对油气藏的形成与保存起较大的破坏作用。     

Solar modulation of cosmogenic nuclide production over the last millennium: comparison between C and Be records

For about the last 30 years it has been recognized that the high frequency component of the tree rings ¹⁴C/¹²C record is dominated by the modulation of the cosmic ray flux by the solar wind. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the three most recent periods of low sunspot occurrence were characterized by high values of atmospheric ¹⁴C/¹²C. During the last millennium other periods of high ¹⁴C/¹²C values were observed but their solar origin is still debatable. In the present work we compare these fluctuations with an independent record of cosmogenic ¹⁰Be measured in ice from the South Pole to check the solar origin of the observed ¹⁴C/¹²C variations. In order to compare quantitatively the results obtained on ¹⁰Be and ¹⁴C, it is necessary to take into account the different behaviour of these two cosmogenic isotopes, and especially the damping effect of the carbon cycle in the case of ¹⁴C. As an input to a 12-box numerical model we used the relative fluctuations of the ¹⁰Be concentrations record measured in South Pole ice and converted it into a synthetic ¹⁴C record. We took into account the fact that ¹⁰Be modulation is enhanced in polar regions due to the orientation of the geomagnetic field. As expected, the fluctuations of the modelled ¹⁴C record are much smaller (a factor of 20) than those observed for the raw ¹⁰Be record. In addition, the variations are smoother and shifted in time by a few decades. The ¹⁰Be-based ¹⁴C variations closely resemble the ¹⁴C measurements obtained on tree rings (R = 0.81). In particular, it is easy to identify periods of maximal ¹⁴C/¹²C which correspond to solar activity minima centred at about 1060, 1320 (Wolf), 1500 (Spörer), 1690 (Maunder) and 1820 (Dalton) yr A.D. Cross-correlation calculations suggest that there is no significant lag between the ¹⁰Be-based ¹⁴C and the tree-ring ¹⁴C records. Our study strongly suggests the dominance of the solar modulation on the cosmonuclide production variations during the last millennium.     

Attenuation of coda waves and Q c value beneath the Chengdu telemetered seismic network

Based on the single scattering model of coda power spectrum analysis, digital waveform data of 50 events recorded by the real-time processing system of the Chengdu telemetry network are analyzed to estimate the Q _c values of earth medium beneath the Chengdu telemetry network for several specified frequencies. It is found that the Q _c shows the frequency dependency in the form of Q _c = Q ₀ f ⁿ in the range of 1.0 to 20.0Hz. Estimated Q ₀ ranges from 60.83 to 178.05, and n is found to be 0.713 to 1.159. The average value of Q ₀ and n are 117 and 0.978 respectively. This result indicates the strong frequency dependency of the attenuation of coda waves beneath the Chengdu telemetry network. Comparing with the results obtained in other regions of the world, it is found that Q ₀ ⁻¹ value and its change with frequency are similar to those in regions with strong tectonic activity. This subject is supported by the Ministry of Personnel, China for partly sponsoring.