Néotectonique affectant les dépôts marins tyrrhéniens du littoral sud-est tunisien : implications pour les variations du niveau marin

Pleistocene marine deposits of so-called Tyrrhenian age in southeastern Tunisia include two lithostratigraphic units of Last Interglacial (marine isotopic substage 5e). The lower unit culminates at about +3 m above the sea level; the upper unit with Strombus bubonius culminates at +5 m. Brittle deformations affected the upper unit. The analysis of fault-slip data sets reveals a post-Tyrrhenian N020°E trending compression, consistent with joint patterns. This event induced limited vertical movements, showing that at the northeastern edge of the Saharan Platform, the coastal area of the southern Tunisia remained relatively stable since at least the Last Interglacial.     

Evidence for 17th-century tsunamis generated on the Kuril–Kamchatka subduction zone, Lake Tokotan, Hokkaido, Japan

In the seventeenth century, two tsunamis that were generated by earthquakes on the Kuril–Kamchatka subduction zone inundated the eastern coast of Hokkaido, northern Japan. Stratigraphic evidence for these two tsunamis and related land-level change in coastal Hokkaido consists of two landward-thinning sand layers in the sediments of Lake Tokotan, a coastal lagoon on the Hokkaido coast. The marine origin of these sand layers is indicated by the presence of brackish–marine diatoms. The rarity and high degree of fragmentation of diatom valves suggests that the sands were transported in a short time over a considerable distance. Tsunamis at this site were probably generated by great earthquakes along the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Volcanic ash deposits lying just above the sands suggest that tsunamis occurred in the late 17th century. Tsunamis during the historic period are not recorded in Lake Tokotan, which suggests that the sand layers were deposited by tsunamis substantially larger than historic tsunamis.     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带岩脉和蚀变绢云母定年及金矿成矿时代

吉林夹皮沟金矿床的矿化年龄一直存在争议。采用先进的SHRIMP测年方法测得夹皮沟二道沟金矿床的花岗闪长岩脉锆石的2 0 6Pb/ 2 3 8U年龄为 (2 2 3± 2 )Ma ;八家子金矿床的石英正长斑岩锆石的2 0 6Pb/ 2 3 8U年龄为 (2 41± 6 )～ (2 18± 6 )Ma。这一结果与前人测得的K Ar年龄基本相符。这两条岩脉与含金石英脉同构造空间 ,形成时代相近 ,因此上述岩脉年龄大体反映了金矿化年龄。同时还测得八家子金矿床蚀变绢云母的 4 0 Ar 3 9Ar等时线年龄为(2 0 3 975± 0 5 2 7)Ma ,进一步证明金矿化发生在中生代印支期。矿石中含有大量的方铅矿 ,还存在矿物及元素的分带 ,这些特征表明夹皮沟金矿床不太可能是新太古代或元古代形成的变质热液矿床 ,更大可能是中生代与岩浆活动有关的岩浆热液矿床     

藏东主要岩金矿床类型基本特点及其找矿前景

藏东地区是西南三江复合造山带有色金属，贵金属成矿带的重要组成部分，也是三江带中北段新生代强烈陆内变形区，具有金和金银金属矿产成矿的优越条件。已发现的众多岩金矿（化）点反映出藏东有多种岩金矿床成因类型，其中以斑岩型和破碎带充填交代型两种类型最为重要。前者以新生代浸源偏碱性斑岩为成矿母岩，矿（化）体赋存于斑岩，隐爆角砾岩内部，接触带及外接触蚀变带中，主矿化元素为金，银，铅，锌，少数还有铜，钨，后者的矿（化）体一般同存于多期活动的区域性大断裂侧次级断裂，派生断裂，层间破碎带及节理，劈理发育带内，主矿化元素亦为金及银，铅，锌，铜，个别有锑，汞等，成矿时代以新生代及白垩纪一新生代为主。文中还对藏东构造单元和新生代偏碱性岩带进行划分。对两种金矿床类型的一般矿化特征，矿源层，蚀变和化探异常与矿化关系。找矿标志及找矿方向作了简要论述。     

Paleolimnological evidence for increased landslide activity due to forest clearing and land-use since 3600 cal BP in the western Swiss Alps

Schwarzsee is located in the western Swiss Alps, in a region that has been affected by numerous landslides during the Holocene, as evidenced by geological surveys. Lacustrine sediments were cored to a depth of 13 m. The vegetation history of the lake's catchment was reconstructed and investigated to identify possible impacts on slope stability. The pollen analyses record development of forest cover during the middle and late Holocene, and provide strong evidence for regional anthropogenic influence such as forest clearing and agricultural activity. Vegetation change is characterized by continuous landscape denudation that begins at ca. 4300 cal. yrs BP, with five distinct pulses of increased deforestation, at 3650, 2700, 1500, 900, and 450 cal. yrs BP. Each pulse can be attributed to increased human impact, recorded by the appearance or increase of specific anthropogenic indicator plant taxa. These periods of intensified deforestation also appear to be correlated with increased landslide activity in the lake's catchment and increased turbidite frequency in the sediment record. Therefore, this study gives new evidence for a strong influence of vegetation changes on slope stability during the middle and late Holocene in the western Swiss Alps, and may be used as a case study for anthropogenically induced landslide activity.     

广东始兴南山钨钼多金属矿床的发现及其意义

南岭东段是世界著名的钨多金属矿集区,多轮的地质工作使区内找矿和研究程度极高,找矿难度极大。南山钨钼多金属矿床是近年来中国地质调查局在该区实施钨多金属矿调查评价中根据岩体型（地下室）找矿模型找到的具有中大型远景的钨钼多金属矿床。钻探验证成果显示该矿床除地表分布的石英脉型钨钼多金属矿体外,在深部燕山晚期岩体中发育了大规模的岩体型（云英岩型和花岗岩型）钨钼多金属矿体,矿区燕山晚期花岗岩自上而下分为白云母化、绿泥石化和钾长石化三带,云英岩型钨钼多金属矿体分布在白云母化带,赋矿岩体为细粒二云母花岗岩;花岗岩型钨钼多金属矿体分布在绿泥石化带和钾长石化带,矿体为细粒浸染状黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒钾长石花岗岩,矿石矿物主要有黑钨矿、辉钼矿、锡石、辉铋矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、白钨矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等;初步研究表明该岩体型钨钼多金属矿体可能为深部含矿岩浆经分异作用形成,矿床具有品位一般、规模大的特点,成矿元素复杂,主要为W － Mo － Sn － Bi 组合,并富含Pb,Zn,Ag,Nb 等。该矿床的发现不仅填补了南岭东段地区找矿新突破,而且对整个南岭乃至华南地区钨钼多金属矿找矿具有重要的指导作用。     

Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Paleokarst from the Ligurian Alps and its geological significance (Siderolitico Auct., Ligurian Briançonnais domain)

In the Ligurian Briançonnais domain, the thick Middle Triassic carbonateplatform units, formally known as the Costa Losera Fm. and S. Pietro dei Monti Dolomites, are followed by a significant unconformity separating them from the Rio di Nava neritic limestones of Bathonian age. According to the evolution of a passive continental margin, the end of subsidence and subsequent uplift led to the progressive erosion of the Triassic carbonate platform from outer to inner units, i.e., in the direction of the Ligurian Tethys. This erosion, possibly acting on a fault-controlled block system, created sedimentary sequences of differential composition, and the virtual absence of the entire Triassic complex and even the underlying Permian rocks. In the study area (and in many other locations belonging to the external Ormea unit), the so-called “briançonnais sedimentary gap” shows more than a nondepositional surface: the associated deposits (known as “Siderolitico” Auct.) include both red pelites between the above-mentioned units, and deep-penetrating karstic red breccia within the Ladinian carbonates. We performed detailed stratigraphic, microfacies and compositional analyses on the karsts and paleosoils associated with the unconformity in order to define their character, genesis and age. In addition, we discuss the regional context and importance of these deposits in a large-scale comparison with the classic Briançonnais domain and other locations of the Western Alpine Arch with the same unconformity. In light of these data, we propose an Upper Triassic to Early Jurassic age (until the Upper Bajocian?) for the karstic event in the Ligurian Alps.     

新疆天山金矿可持续发展建议

新疆天山成矿带是我国重要的金成矿带,主要发育韧性剪切带型、火山型和穆龙套型3种类型金矿床。随着社会经济的快速发展,黄金的需求量在逐年增大,这就要求新疆对金矿的勘查开发要加大力度。本文通过研究新疆天山金矿的特征并就可持续发展提出建议。     

黄土高原风尘沉积的物质来源研究:回顾与展望

黄土高原风尘沉积是青藏高原构造隆升和东亚季风系统共同影响下的产物。由于风尘物质的来源变化,不仅反映了亚洲内陆的干旱化过程,而且同过去大气环流格局变迁关系密切,因而,风尘物质来源的示踪一直是黄土研究的热点问题之一。文章首先回顾黄土来源的示踪方法、黄土物质的可能源区以及黄土物源在构造和轨道时间尺度上的变化特征3个方面取得的研究进展,然后探讨目前物源研究存在的问题及未来的研究展望。     

陕西凤太地区“八卦庙式”金矿控矿因素及其找矿潜力分析

陕西风县八卦庙特大型金矿床以其超百吨级规模著称于世,借鉴其成矿规律及找矿模式在风太泥盆纪地层中开展金矿找矿工作,目前已发现次生晕金异常近百个,矿点＋余处,且多数异常尚未深入检查。笔者试图总结归纳“八卦庙式”金矿之控矿因素,并对该类型的金矿成矿远景加以分析,旨在为今后的找矿工作选区提供参考。