中国东部古生界沉积-改造型铁矿床地质及成生机制

中国东部古生界沉积—改造型铁矿床含矿岩系基本上由细碎屑—碳酸盐岩组成,而且常与富铁白云岩共生。矿体产状多与围岩一致,呈沉积整合接触。矿床中普遍发育有后生“再造”型矿体,呈脉状叠加在层状矿体之上,有明显的穿层现象。 海解作用是沉积成矿的重要因素,再造成矿作用是在沉积富铁碳酸盐建造的基础上发生富铁碳酸盐矿物的重溶,铁质被搬运、迁移,最后在碱性或偏碱性围岩中重新沉淀出来。     

中国北方早、中前寒武纪磷矿

中国北方早、中前寒武系磷矿有四个层位六种类型。太古代磷矿主要产于中朝地块内的华北陆核、辽吉南部—朝鲜北部陆核及山东陆核等陆核区。早元古代早期,在太古代陆核边缘或中间地块沉积了优地槽型磷矿。早元古代晚期有大陆边缘和拗拉槽白云质碳酸盐建造的磷矿床与克拉通内盆地陆屑和复理石建造的磷矿床,其中大陆边缘型最重要,构成了长约4000多公里的巨大“S”形成矿带。早元古代末期,五台运动之后,有同造山期的山间盆地磷矿床形成。     

华南T岩体白云母化与铀活化的关系

白云母化是华南许多花岗岩型铀矿床常见的“前提蚀变”。T岩体白云母化呈面型分布,黑云母转变为白云母后,单位晶胞体积缩小,在等容交代条件下,粒间空隙增多,导致岩石孔隙度增加,为活化出来的铀准备了空间和迁移通道。黑云母在结晶过程中,吸附和隐晶捕获的铀及所包裹的副矿物中的铀也部分活化,引起铀配分的调整,使分散、吸附形式的铀增加。铀存在形式的转变和初步浓集,对花岗岩型铀矿床的形成是不可少的成矿机制之一。     

冀东滦县地区前寒武纪铁矿与火山喷发沉积旋回的关系

本区原岩建造是-套基性—酸性火山凝灰岩（主要）+铁硅质岩+沉积岩组合。整个层序反映了一个较完整的火山喷发沉积旋回。含铁建造与沉积旋回在时空和物源上存在着密切的成因联系。铁矿的形成及分布并非受控于某一种岩石,而是受控于火山喷发沉积旋回。本文从岩浆分异、火山活动、沉积作用及构造运动等的发生、发展、演化的角度较全面地分析了火山喷发沉积旋回的控矿作用。     

新疆震旦纪痕迹化石Planolites,Chondrites的发现及其意义

新疆震旦纪痕迹化石的存在及其形态特征,反映那里最早的水平潜穴,在震旦纪冰期前即已存在,但痕迹细小,且相互交切,绝不分叉。之后始出现分叉现象,并向枝形潜穴方向演变。     

最主要的金矿床类型概述及其普查找矿方法介绍

本文提出的九种类型金矿床,是目前我国最主要的普查-勘探对象,其中特别详细介绍了卡林式金矿床、团结构式金矿床、焦家式金矿床和东风山式金矿床。对于分布广、数量多,与有色金属伴生的金(银)矿床,着重指出了其利用的前景。这样,可使一矿变多矿、小矿变大矿,甚至遍布全国的有色金属矿山开采的废石、废渣也有可能采出金(银)。对全国各省(区)金的主要来源的砂金矿床和脉金矿床,也给予很高评价与重视。本文还就找金的方法,提出了地质-物探-化探-遥感综合方法,还介绍了国外对低品位金矿常用的氰化物溶液堆浸处理法,提取金和在水中鉴定金痕量的超灵敏度找矿法。     

Rational combination of mathematical methods for predicting ore deposits

Summary This study emphasizes the important role of a flexible, multipurpose data base, including both qualitative and quantitative information, for metallogenic investigations and prospect assessment. Information stored in such a data base allows processing by various methods for different purposes and obtaining efficient and comparable results.     

一个中生代的拉分盆地——宁芜盆地的形成及演化

宁芜盆地是中国东部郯庐断裂系中沿方山—南陵左行剪切断裂发育的中生代拉分盆地,形成于晚侏罗世,消亡于晚白垩世。根据宁芜盆地的构造变动、沉积建造、火山及岩浆活动和成矿作用等特点,文中提出了宁芜拉分盆地的生成及演化模式,并将宁芜拉分盆地的发展分为:(1)萌芽期——盆地核;(2)年轻期——“S”型盆地;(3)成熟期——菱形盆地和(4)消亡期——最终发展四个演化阶段。宁芜拉分盆地以具有强烈的火山活动为特征,特别是“S”形盆地末期,由于碱性的中基性次火山岩的侵入,形成了宁芜地区重要的玢岩铁矿。宁芜拉分盆地的构造应力场随着盆地的发展而不断变化,总的变化趋势是盆地内的拉张区逐渐扩大,在最终发展阶段这种拉张作用已遍及整个盆地。数值模拟的结果表明,NNE—NE向的拉张应力比NWW—NW向的挤压应力大数倍,宁芜拉分盆地正是在这种强大的拉张应力作用下得以形成及发展的。     

Solid state C NMR studies of selected oil shales from Queensland, Australia

Solid state ¹³C NMR techniques of cross polarization with magic-angle spinning, and interrupted decoupling have been employed to examine the nature of the organic matter in eight kerogen concentrates representing five Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia. The NMR results show that five of the kerogens have high proportions of aliphatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type I–II algal kerogens. Three of the kerogens, derived from carbonaceous shales, have a high proportion of aromatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type III kerogens. The fractions of aliphatic carbon in all the kerogens, regardless of type, are shown to correlate with the conversion characteristics of the corresponding raw shales during Fischer assay. Interrupted decoupling NMR results show the presence of more oxygen-substituted carbon in the carbonaceous shales, which may account for the greater CO₂ evolution and phenolic materials found in the pyrolysis products of the carbonaceous shales.     

Structural study of a semiductile strike-slip system in the Central Iberian Zone (Variscan Fold Belt,Spain): structural controls on gold deposits

The Villalcampo shear system is a regional dextral strike-slip fault zone that affects Late Variscan granites and their metamorphic country rocks over an area of about 150 km². The detailed geometry of this subvertical north-west—south-east shear zone is outlined. The system forms an extensional fan to the northwest and extends to the south-east as a broad extensional duplex. Particular attention is focused on the distribution of fault rocks and associated veins in its north-west splay. A structural study of the shear bands (encompassing both geometric and kinematic criteria) and a microscopic study of the fault rocks has led to the interpretation of the system as a brittle—ductile shear zone. Calculations give a shear strain value of = 1.5 and a minimum displacement of s = 3700 m. The localization of gold mineralization in mylonite-filled subvertical extensional veins is a product of the formation of the Villalcampo shear system. The subvertical faults and veins underwent a process of cyclical sealing and reopening. As such they acted as valves controlled by fluid pressure regulating fluid—rock interactions and gold deposition. Conditions favouring these processes occur near the base of the seismogenic zone in the vicinity of the frictional—quasi-plastic transition at mid-greenschist metamorphic conditions (T = 350°C and 10–15 km depth).