Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于现场热响应测试方法的地下岩土热物性分析

目前获取导热系数的主要方法是现场热响应试验,但该方法缺乏统一的技术标准,导致计算结果可比较性差,难以应用。笔者开展了不同热响应试验设备的原位热物性测试系列试验,分析了测试与数据处理方法对测试结果的影响,探讨了试验过程中需要注意的问题。结果显示：为减少试验误差,两次热响应试验测试的时间间隔不应少于10 d;应尽量避免循环水与岩土介质以外的其他介质产生热量交换;对于恒热流热响应试验,导热系数值与舍弃时间（1.0~12.0 h）成正相关关系;而对于定进回循环水温差的热响应试验,导热系数值与舍弃时间（0.0~12.0 h）成负相关关系;舍弃时间大于12.0 h时,导热系数变化趋于稳定。按统一标准舍弃前12.0 h的测试数据进行导热系数计算,6家单位的导热系数计算值都在2.2～2.8 W/(m·℃)范围内,测试结果合理可靠。     

连拱隧道施工对洞口仰坡影响的三维数值分析

以江西某高速公路一浅埋偏压连拱隧道为例,采用Marc有限元程序对其出口段进行了动态施工的三维数值模拟.从施工过程中的应力集中、塑性区的分布形态和发展规律、仰坡轴向地表位移的分布特征等方面,系统研究了偏压连拱隧道施工对强风化岩体洞口仰坡的影响作用机制.结果表明:在模拟施工过程中塑性区和应力集中区只出现在洞体附近,可能的仰坡失稳往往是隧道施工失稳的累进性响应;洞口仰坡的轴向水平位移前缘大、后缘小,垂直位移后缘大、前缘小;隧道上方和近山脊一侧仰坡位移比近山谷一侧大,仰坡失稳往往从隧道上方和埋深较大一侧开始.     

Long‐term and seasonal hydrologic performance of an extensive green roof

Sustainable strategies such as green roofs have been implemented as stormwater management tools to mitigate disturbance of the hydrologic cycle resulting from urbanization. Green roofs, also referred to as vegetated roofs, can improve the urban landscape by reducing heat island effects, providing ecosystem services, and facilitating the retention and treatment of stormwater. Green roofs have received particular attention because they do not require acquisition and development of land and represent an application of biomimicry in design and construction. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), antecedent dry period (ADP), and seasonal variation on the run‐off quantity and distribution of an extensive, sedum covered, green roof on a commercial building in Syracuse, NY, USA. The green roof greatly facilitated retention of precipitation events without significant changes over the 4‐year study. The green roof retained on average 95.9 ± 3.6% (6.5 ± 5.6 mm) per rainfall event, with a range from 75% to 99.6% (33.2 to 3.3 mm). However, as precipitation quantity increased, the retention of water decreased. This high water retention capacity was the result of the combined effects of ET, stormwater storage (plants, growth media, and stormwater retention layer), and limited surface run‐off from the roof deck due to variation in the sloping of the green roof and the tapered insulation to the deck drains. The water retention capacity of the green roof did not change significantly between growing and nongrowing seasons. Slightly greater precipitation during the growing season coincided with increased ET. Average potential ET during the growing season was approximately 3 times greater than during the nongrowing season. The hydrologic performance of the green roof was not significantly impacted by an ADP greater than 2 days.     

磁源瞬变电磁法应用及其方法技术

归纳磁源瞬变电磁法在地质矿产、地质灾害和工程地质中的勘查应用,并对该方法的野外数据采集、资料处理等方法技术进行了探讨。     

交通荷载作用下公路路基工作区深度研究

根据路面不平整实测资料,获得了汽车动荷载的计算模型和参数,并利用此荷载模式来分析公路结构的动力响应。考虑到公路结构的三维分层性状,利用Fourier变换技术和求解层状结构的精确刚度矩阵法,研究了公路结构在移动汽车荷载作用下的动力响应问题。为了方便工程应用,利用Odemark厚度和模量的当量转换公式,将公路结构简化为由路面、路基及地基组成的3层体系,并以此为基础分析了路基动应力的衰减规律,同时重点研究了汽车轴载大小、当量路面厚度及路基模量对路基工作区深度的影响,最后建议了路基工作区深度的定量表达式,研究结果可为公路路基设计提供参考。     

自钻式原位剪切旁压模型不同固结荷载颗粒流数值试验

自钻式原位剪切旁压仪具有扰动小,能同时测出不同深度土的变形和强度参数,在精确测定土体参数方面具有广阔的应用前景。然而,目前受分析手段与研究水平的限制,对SBISP多级加载过程中周围土体的变形响应研究较少,而土体变形参数的确定与其变形机制是密切相关的。基于此,应用PFC3D颗粒流程序对不同固结荷载SBISP模型进行了仿真数值试验,试验结果表明:随着剪应力的逐级施加,中间区域颗粒的位移量不断增大,且位移矢量方向性更加显著,在第5级剪应力作用下,影响区域位移矢量形状呈现为倒锥形;而随着上覆固结压力的增大,探头周围试样的受影响范围逐渐变小;在探头作用下球颗粒的运动轨迹呈台阶状,台阶形态随距探杆中心距离增大而趋于平缓,球颗粒的Z向位移量亦随之呈负指数形式衰减;此外,剪应力与探头摩擦系数呈正相关关系,但当摩擦系数达到某一阈值时,剪应力-位移曲线不再变化。其研究成果对于深入开展SBISP试验多级加载过程中影响域内土体变形过程与变形模量之间关系研究具有重要启迪意义。     

Effects of linear and exponential heterogeneity on the dynamic response of a moving load in an irregular isotropic half-space: a comparative study

Heterogeneity, being a trivial feature inside the earth or in a geostructure, makes a strong basis for its consideration in the study of geomechanics. Inclusion of the concept of heterogeneity along with irregularity in the medium brings a novelty to the existing literature related to the study of the moving load. The present study investigates the effects of linear and exponential heterogeneity on the dynamic response due to a normal load moving with constant velocity on a rough irregular heterogeneous isotropic half-space in a comparative approach. Expressions for both normal and shear stresses for either case of heterogeneity have been established in closed form. Substantial effects of the affecting parameters such as depth, irregularity factor, maximum depth of irregularity, frictional coefficient, linear heterogeneity parameter and exponential heterogeneity parameter on normal and shear stresses for both the cases of heterogeneity have been observed. Numerical computation has been carried out and the effects of said parameters have been meticulously examined by means of graphs. Moreover, different cases of heterogeneity and homogeneity along with various types of irregularity namely rectangular, parabolic and no irregularity are compared which serve as a focal theme of the study.     

深埋隧洞开挖数值模拟分析的纵向模型范围研究

模型范围是影响数值分析计算精度与效率的重要因素,针对深埋隧洞开挖数值模拟分析问题,采用有限差分软件FLAC3D和复合失稳准则,对计算模型的纵向范围取值问题展开研究。首先分析了深埋隧洞开挖过程中围岩纵向变形以及未开挖岩塞对围岩变形的约束作用,然后研究了近端边界和远端边界对监测断面位置处围岩变形的影响,最后采用最小二乘法对多组计算结果进行了位移误差分析,并给出了纵向模型范围的取值建议。研究结果表明,当监测断面距掌子面大于10倍洞径时,未开挖岩塞的约束作用基本消失;远端边界以及近端边界与监测断面的最大位移误差值之间均基本满足幂函数关系,且远端边界对监测点位移误差的影响要大于近端边界;深埋隧洞开挖数值模拟中,纵向模型范围取7.5倍洞径即可满足一般数值分析的精度要求。     

波浪和潮波作用下黄河口快速沉积海床土非均匀固结试验研究

黄河高含沙量水体在弱潮陆相河口入海,80 %的泥沙在河口附近快速堆积。过去研究发现,黄河三角洲潮滩表层沉积物呈现非均匀固结状态。为了揭示该现象产生的机制,在黄河刁口流路三角洲叶瓣潮坪上,现场取土配置黄河口快速沉积形成的流体状堆积物,研究快速沉积的粉质海床土在波浪和潮波作用下的孔压响应及非均匀固结过程。利用静力触探、十字板剪切试验、孔隙水压力监测等原位测试手段,实时测定快速沉积的海床土强度和孔压变化过程。研究发现,快速沉积的粉质土在自重作用下的固结速度很快,正常固结完成后,强度随时间的发展依然不断增加,沿深度方向出现类似原状土体的固结非均匀现象和似超固结状态;在波浪和潮波作用下快速沉积粉质土孔压沿深度出现非均匀变化,在波浪作用下出现了超静孔压的积累。分析发现,该固结状态和强度沿深度方向非均匀变化是由于土体在潮波及潮波和波浪的联合作用下形成的;潮滩表层土体在波浪荷载长期作用下形成硬壳层。