钱塘江河口段长周期泥沙冲淤和河床变形

通过对钱塘江河口段50多年连续水下地形资料的整理和分析,给出了该河口段在遭遇连续丰、枯水文年时的长周期泥沙冲淤特点,以及相应塑造的顺直、弯曲两种河势在河床形态与演变上的差异。研究结果认为,长周期泥沙冲淤和河床变形是钱塘江河口段保持冲淤平衡的一种自动调整手段;与冲积河流不同的是,钱塘江河口段通过河型、比降、断面等因素的调整来改变进入该河口段潮流量的大小。     

多波束回声数据的统计与底质分类应用

利用声反向散射数据作海底沉积物分类,是海洋地质学家感兴趣的话题,也是目前多波束声纳应用的一个研究热点。结合胶州湾实际调查数据,探讨了贝叶斯分类方法在该领域的应用。研究结果表明,该方法可以对不同的底质类型进行分类,可以识别未知的底质类型以及对混合在一起的两种不同类型的目标进行分类。     

A generalized methodology for determination of crushing strength of granular materials

Determination of crushing strength of granular material is very important for assessing its suitability in various engineering and industrial applications. Laboratory investigations that would yield stress–strain behaviour, and hence, crushing strength of the granular material are extremely cumbersome and time consuming. Also, results obtained from these experiments get influenced by the aspect ratio of the sample, its density, strain rate, size and shape of the grains etc. These difficulties can be overcome by developing a generalized mathematical model, which is primarily based on the physical properties of the granular material such as particle-size and specific gravity, for estimating its crushing strength. With this in view, experiments were conducted on different types of granular materials such as sands, cenospheres (which are found in fly ash and bottom ash) and glass beads, and the results were used for developing such a model. Details of the testing methodology adopted to achieve this are also presented in this paper and validation of the proposed model has been done based on the experimental results and the results reported in the literature.     

FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF A DEEP SEA CLAY IN LONG-TERM LABORATORY CREEP TESTS

A new finite element program is introduced and its predictive capabilities are compared to results from two long-term, drained laboratory creep tests on a deep sea clay. The constitutive behaviour is based on Cam clay critical state plasticity theory with creep and time-dependent hardening. Creep is computed using either Singh–Mitchell's three-dimensional equation or Taylor's secondary compression relationship. The experimental creep data include a triaxial specimen subjected to two deviatoric stress increments and a one-dimensional consolidation specimen subjected to three vertical stress increments. In addition, the pore pressure behaviour following an increase in stress is examined in the triaxial sample. Predictions compare favourably to test data, which provide confidence for applying the chosen constitutive model and numerical formulation to solve seabed-related problems on the continental slope that are of interest to geologists, the oil industry and the navy, among others.     

Forbidden transition probabilities of astrophysical interest among low-lying states of V III

Electric and magnetic multipole transitions among low-lying states of doubly ionized vanadium were computed using the multi-configuration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) method with Breit-Pauli (BP) corrections to a non-relativistic Hamiltonian. Energy levels were determined up to and including 3d ²(¹ G)4s b ² G _7/2 and computed energies were found to be in good agreement with experiment and other theories. In addition to Einstein A _ki coefficients for some E2 and M1 transitions, lifetime data and selected weighted oscillator strengths are also reported.     

利用地下水长观资料求解含水层参数

以银川平原灌区内的地下水动态观测资料,气象资料和灌溉试验资料为基础,分析了灌区内地下水的时空分布规律,并定量地确定了含水层参数:给水度度μ、潜水临界埋深△0、潜水蒸发系数C,采用此方法还可以推求降雨入渗补给系数a和灌溉回归系数等参数.     

重庆市石柱县西沱变形体稳定性研究

重庆市石柱县西沱变形体防治是国家地质灾害防治项目之一,通过对该变形体工程勘察评价,对变形体的地质特征与稳定性有了较为系统的认识。变形体主要由块石土及含块石粉质粘土组成。潜在滑移带由粉质粘土组成。文章阐述了变形体与滑移带的物理力学性质;对影响变形体发生滑动的因素进行了分析,重点阐述了地形地貌、地层岩性及物质结构3个内在因素;利用传递系数方法对变形体分多种工况条件进行了稳定性系数与推力的计算,分出基本荷载组合、特殊荷载组合及组合荷载3个方面,计算出其剩余下滑力。     

Effect of cyclic loading on monotonic shear strength of fine-grained soils

In this study the effect of cyclic loads on monotonic shear strength has been studied on torsional apparatus. Tests have been conducted on both reconstituted and undisturbed fine-grained hollow soil specimens. The plasticity index of soils is in the range from 2 to 33 for reconstituted specimens, prepared by dry pluviation, and from 5 to 13 for undisturbed soil specimens. The existence of a critical shear strain level, called yield shear strain, where softening starts, is determined from cyclic tests. The level of cyclic yield strain is ± 0.75% for the reconstituted soil specimens and ± 0.5% for the undisturbed soils. If soil undergoes a cyclic shear strain level below the cyclic yield strain, reduction of monotonic strength of reconstituted and undisturbed specimens is limited, but when cyclic shear strain level is larger than yield strain monotonic strength decreases down to 40% of its initial strength.     

Origin of high field strength element enrichment in volcanic arcs: Geochemical evidence from the Sulu Arc, southern Philippines

Lavas from the Sulu Arc, southern Philippines, exhibit an enrichment in high field strength elements (HFSE) that represents a departure from the typical volcanic arc geochemical signature. It has been postulated that this relative enrichment arises from metasomatism of mantle wedge peridotites by melts derived from the subducting oceanic lithosphere, through formation of amphibole which subsequently breaks down and enriches the mantle source of parental arc magmas in HFSE. Divergent chemical and isotopic characteristics between Sulu Arc HFSE-enriched lavas and the Sulu Sea crust being subducted—the presumed source of slab-derived melts—render it unlikely, however, that HFSE enrichment arises from the influence of such melts. New geochemical data suggest that the varying degrees of HFSE enrichment in Sulu Arc lavas are instead the result of variable amounts of mixing between enriched and depleted mantle end-components—the sources of South China Sea intraplate lavas and Sulu seafloor basalts, respectively—within a compositionally heterogeneous mantle wedge.     

西安地区马兰黄土的结构强度研究

对西安地区马兰黄土进行了单轴和常规三轴压缩试验,研究了含水量及围压对其结构强度的影响。结果表明,单轴条件下黄土结构强度随含水量增加呈线性减少,常规三轴条件下含水量和围压对其结构强度有着明显的影响。运用莫尔-库仑理论进一步研究了强度参数C、随含水量的变化规律,为西安地区地质灾害防治及工程设计提供依据。