Digital Photogrammetry at English Heritage: A Pictorial Review of Projects to Date

Digital photogrammetry as an aid to the process of conservation of the historic environment is now an established technique within English Heritage. Digital elevation models, orthophotographs and perspective views are becoming invaluable to the conservator as a record of a monument or site prior to some form of intervention or historical analysis. This paper reviews a range of projects where the various products generated by digital photogrammetry have been used and discusses some of the problems encountered     

俄罗斯东部地区油气资源远景分析

俄罗斯东部地区油气资源十分丰富,而且远景储量巨大。其石油储量远景区主要圈定在东西伯利亚地区晚元古代-早古生代陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩含油气盆地,远东地区中-新生代大陆架硅质岩含油气盆地和远东滨海坳陷中古新世-始新世杂砂岩含油气建造等。而且,远东地区含油气盆地的形成时代自西向东逐渐变年轻,具体由侏罗纪、白垩纪过渡为新生代。俄罗斯东部地区中-新生代煤层气盆地广布,其中最主要的煤层气盆地为勒拿河流域盆地和南雅库特盆地。煤层气的成因及分布特征主要受控于盆地的基本地质特征,即上覆、下伏地层层系和褶皱断裂构造、变质作用等。俄罗斯远东地区萨哈林大陆架、鄂霍茨克海以及白令海阿列乌特深水海盆中蕴藏大量的天然气水合物资源。天然气水合物中的甲烷一般被认为来自深部油气层,但也有专家认为它可能来自大陆架以外的深海海域。     

意象图式在地图符号结构生成中的应用研究

地图符号结构是指生成地图符号的各符素间的组合关系,它具有图形结构和意义上的双重含义。为了解决地图符号结构的理论依据问题,本文引入了意象图式的概念,提出了基于意象图式的地图符号结构生成理论。对地理实体的认知机理进行分析,说明了意象图式在形成地理实体概念和生成地图符号所起到的基础作用;对地图符号表征地理实体所选用的意象图式类型进行归纳,可得到7种最基本的意象图式类型;对图形间拓扑关系和意象图式的关系总结,得出了每种意象图式的图形结构表达与参数化描述。最后,通过符素组合实验和符号认知实验,验证了基于意象图式来生成地图符号的正确性和科学性。     

煤岩破坏声发射强度长程相关性和多重分形分布研究

通过单轴加载煤岩破坏全过程声发射试验,运用多重分形消除趋势波动分析法（MF-DFA）,分析了声发射强度序列的长程相关性及多重分形特征,在此基础上研究了不同应力水平下声发射强度序列长程相关指数H的变化趋势。结果表明：声发射强度时间序列内部波动不是完全随机的现象,而是由内在自相似机制决定的长程相关过程,其波动是一个有序的多重分形分布;H的变化与煤岩体的变形破坏过程能够较好的对应,声发射强度H值的“最大-减小”模式可以作为煤岩体失稳事件的前兆,这为利用声发射进行煤岩体稳定性现场监测预报提供了新的理论依据及方法     

The politics of imaginaries and bioenergy sub-niches in the emerging Northeast U.S. bioenergy economy

As part of a transition to lower carbon energy systems, bioenergy development is often assumed to follow a uniform pathway. Yet the design, organization, and politics of bioenergy production in specific regional contexts may be contested. This study examines contestation within an emerging perennial crop bioenergy sector in the U.S. Northeast. Synthesizing conceptual contributions from the multi-level perspective on the significance of niches and sub-niches in sustainability transitions and from science and technology studies on the material and moral implications of sociotechnical imaginaries and object conflicts, this paper analyzes the politics of bioenergy sub-niche imaginaries. It identifies two main bioenergy sub-niches centered on (1) regional production and (2) community energy. Examining proposed and current production of perennial energy crops on marginal land, the study draws on 42 semi-structured interviews with bioenergy actors (e.g., scientists, industry representatives, policymakers, farmers/landowners) and secondary documents. The two bioenergy sub-niche imaginaries revealed political contestations around scale of operations, control and beneficiaries, and about definitions and uses of marginal land relative to livelihoods and community. This study highlights the potency of rival imaginaries within a developing sociotechnical niche and implications for sustainability transitions. Tracing the contours and emphases of, as well as conflicts between, bioenergy sub-niche imaginaries can clarify which pathways for transition to a lower carbon energy future could garner political and public support. The paper concludes by considering how disagreements between sub-niche actors could lead to productive mutual learning and the possibility of forging solutions contributing to more robust and equitable sustainability transitions.     

The appraisal of seven economic zones in China

The seven economic zones are multiple economic zones, with the characteristic of both long-range economic zone and categorical economic zone. They are the transitional regions between the categorical economic zone and the comprehensive economic zone. The phenomena of overlapping are only allowed to appear in categorical economic zones. The influence of Hongkong return back to China should be considered when doing research on economic zones. Hongkong is the center of the southeastern coasts and will become an offshore banking center of the mainland. According to the theory of economic zoning, the division of the whole country into seven economic zones demonstrates the transitional nature clearly. With the further development of the economy, the deeper maturity of the central cities and the stronger connection of the regional economy, the composite economic zones will gradually turn into more integrated comprehensive economic zones.     

The impact of assumptions about oil exploration on projections of long-range energy supplies in the United States

A large-scale linear programming model has been designed to assist in the analysis of world-wide energy resource development and processing activities over a 20- to 30-year time horizon. the model includes explicit representation of exploration and production operations for the energy minerals, as well as the supply, conversion, and distribution of the different energy forms, accounting for interfuel substitution alternatives. The method of analysis consists of developing optimal planning solutions relative to anticipated demands for energy and using these solutions as bases for evaluation of energy policies and technology assumptions. This paper briefly outlines the representation of the exploration activities in the overall model formulation and illustrates the projected energy supply patterns and related economics as developed with the model for alternative assumptions about oil resources, exploration success rates, and constraints on exploratory drilling.This paper was presented at Symposium 116.3, Quantitative Strategy for Exploration, held as part of the 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1976.     

汾渭盆地富氦天然气成因及成藏条件初探

20世纪70年代，前人在汾渭盆地进行石油勘探时，于新近-古近系钻遇氦、甲烷、氮等天然气，由于当时以新生界石油勘探为目的，所以未能开展进一步工作.20世纪90年代以来，汾渭盆地地热资源得到了充分的利用，在地热水开采中，发现普遍含天然气.笔者通过盆内对不同构造单元、不同层位的地热井采集的天然气样品进行组分及同位素分析，发现汾渭盆地天然气为国内外少有的以壳源氦为主，有少量幔源氦加入的富氦天然气，并具有较高含量的幔源甲烷.综合前人资料成果，对形成天然气藏的气源条件、储盖组合条件、圈闭条件及运移与保存条件进行了的初步分析，认为汾渭盆地具有形成富氦天然气的地质条件和良好的勘探前景。     

Multiple paths of influencing factors of rural tourism destination residents’ returning home for employment from the perspective of configuration： A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis北大核心CSCD

人才是乡村地域空间发展的基础,鼓励在外务工人员回流就业是推进乡村振兴的重要举措,也是实现共同富裕的保证。论文采用多变量交互作用的模糊集定性比较分析方法,以乡村旅游地居民回流就业意愿为结果变量,构建地方参与、地方情感、感知获益、风险承受能力、政府信任、支持度为前因变量的研究模型,探索居民回流就业的驱动机制与多元影响路径。研究结果表明:(1)所有单项因素均不构成乡村旅游地居民回流就业的必要条件;(2)满足条件的组合路径共7条,总体一致性为0.876,总体覆盖率为0.862;(3)在所有路径组合中,支持度和政府信任出现的频率最高,包含地方情感的路径覆盖率较高;(4)7条路径构成了情感主导路径、信任主导路径、支持主导路径,以及知—情—意—行综合路径4大类路径模式;(5)当同时包含情感、信任、支持和参与因素时,路径具有最高解释力;(6)不同类型的乡村旅游地在回流就业影响路径上显示出差异。研究结论可为鼓励和吸引乡村旅游地在外务工人员回乡参与旅游发展提供参考,也可为更广泛的乡村地区鼓励人才回流提供理论依据。     

空间视角下的能源—经济—环境关系研究进展与展望

在全球气候变化和国际地缘政治复杂的背景之下,地理学的空间视角为能源—经济—环境关系研究提供了新的研究思路。论文通过梳理、评述能源—经济、能源—环境以及能源—经济—环境关系研究文献发现：① 能源—经济关系研究出现“空间转向”趋势,区位特征被用于解释能源—经济关系的空间异质性;② 能源—环境关系研究多关注能源污染及政策的空间效应,出现了能源景观研究等新研究话题;③ 能源—经济—环境关系研究刚刚兴起,出现了因果关系实证、耦合协调度评价、多目标规划预测3种研究思路;④ 当前研究存在实证分析高度同质化、空间差异机制解释不足、可再生能源相关研究较少等不足之处。据此,论文尝试构建了空间视角下能源—经济—环境(3E)关系研究基础框架,并基于中国研究现状提出未来的研究展望,即完善理论框架建设、加强可再生能源研究以及开展碳减排目标下的能源—经济—环境系统模拟预测,从而为中国碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现提供理论与实证支撑。