Contributions of sandy lands and stony deserts to long-distance dust emission in China and Mongolia during 2000–2006

More than 400 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images of dust storm events were collected and analyzed, and individual events were tracked back to their origins. Dust tracks were determined from color composite images, brightness temperature difference (BTD) and the NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model. The results showed that five regions (sandy lands in central Inner Mongolia and the adjacent area of Mongolia; the Gobi Desert in Xinjiang and Gansu provinces, western Inner Mongolia, and the adjacent southwestern area of Mongolia; the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia and the adjoining area of northern Inner Mongolia; sandy lands and deserts around the middle reaches of the Yellow River; and the area rimming the Taklimakan Desert) were the main contributors to long-lived mineral dusts in northern China and Mongolia. Of these dust production areas, sandy lands and stony deserts, rather than the sandy deserts of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia, were found to be the dominant dust sources, accounting for more than 75% of regional dust emission events. Dust events in the Taklimakan Desert were often local phenomena, although they could also be transported eastward if they were uplifted high enough to escape the enclosing topographic highs. Dust sources in northwestern China are mainly alluvial fans and dry lake and river beds. Success in identifying the sources and trajectories of Asian dust storms would guide future ground-based research and steppe degradation countermeasures and help reduce the uncertainties in modern modeling of Asian dust.     

福建安溪圣岩尖银多金属矿地质特征及找矿远景

安溪圣岩尖银多金属矿位于福安一平和火山喷发带的中南段南园组二段火山岩中,矿区中部发育圣岩尖火山喷发中心,环状、放射状断裂发育,为区内较好的导矿储矿构造;地表已发现5条银多金属矿体并与土壤异常高度吻合,深部长林组砂岩中发现厚2～3．3m的铅锌矿体。综合地球化学特征及成矿地质条件等分析,认为该区具有较好的找矿前景。     

福建明溪出水坑银多金属矿地质特征及找矿远景

明溪出水坑银多金属矿位于明溪县中溪乡西南侧,根据矿区老硐调查地质资料,结合区域地质背景、构造分布特征,探索发现的1处矿产地。矿区总体为一倒转背斜褶皱,矿体贮存在背斜褶皱轴部张性断裂带内,断裂构造控矿特征明显。通过对矿体产状、矿石组分及矿化蚀变等特征分析认为,矿床成因属构造蚀变-热液充填型。     

面向倾斜摄影的深度学习航空影像匹配方法

针对传统方法和深度学习匹配方法在倾斜影像上获取匹配点少、复现率低以及精度不高等问题,本文提出一种面向倾斜摄影的深度学习航空影像匹配方法。首先,利用POS信息计算影像重叠区域,并对倾斜影像进行透视变换改正,减弱几何变形对匹配过程的影响;其次,在变换后的重叠区域影像上利用训练的多尺度特征点检测网络推理其对应的高斯热力图,在高斯热力图尺度空间检测极值点作为稳定特征点,基于自监督主方向检测网络获取特征点主方向;接着,在特征点描述阶段,结合网络学习得到的特征点位置和主方向获取尺度旋转不变GeoDesc基础描述子,并考虑图像的几何、视觉上下文信息对描述子进行增强处理;最后,通过双向比值提纯法获取初始匹配点,利用RANSAC和图约束方法剔除误匹配后获得最终匹配点结果。使用ISPRS提供的2组典型区域倾斜影像进行匹配实验,结果表明,相比于SIFT、ASIFT、SuperPoint、GeoDesc及ContextDesc等算法,本文方法能够在大视角变化和纹理信息贫乏的倾斜影像对上获取更多均匀分布的匹配点,同时复现率也要优于其他方法。     

中国城市老工业园区更新的空间治理机制研究——多层次视角的分析框架

城市老工业园区更新中的空间治理涉及多元主体博弈与产业用地发展权重构问题,是当下城市研究的重要学术议题。本文以转型理论中多层次视角的形势、体制与利基为立足点,深层次挖掘城市更新中空间治理转型创新的演化过程与内在机制,提出一种不同层次多种因素间相互作用、动态演化下理解中国老工业园区更新空间治理的方法。该解释框架被应用于上海上钢十厂园区更新转型中,通过关注2004年后两次更新转型的过程和机理,研究发现：上钢十厂的更新转型是由宏观外部形势、空间利基创新、空间体制转型三个层次互动而实现的,上钢十厂两个阶段的更新均在产业转型、城市发展需求变化等宏观形势下诞生创新“新奇”,政府、社会团体或企业等空间治理行为主体共同参与推动“新奇”合法壮大并形成利基,在空间资本积累、产业类型转换中,驱使空间体制成功转型,其本质是利基层的空间创新“新奇”在宏观形势或空间体制要素的影响下解构重塑空间体制的过程。城市更新促进了老工业园区产业转型,提高了环境品质、土地利用强度和经济效益。多层次视角能结合城市更新中空间治理的外部环境、内在驱动因素和演变过程等多方面,有助于从动态演化维度理解城市更新空间变迁及转型治理的内在机制。     

空间视角下中国城市财产犯罪成因分析

针对已有的城市犯罪成因分析多是基于大尺度的这一情况,该文利用2007、2010与2012年韶关市城区财产犯罪空间分布数据及城市地表土地利用数据,并顾及城市地表特征、警务对策等因素,在相对微观尺度上对城市财产犯罪成因进行分析。结果表明:在相对微观的尺度上,财产犯罪仍具有显著的空间自相关特征;不同类型用地与财产犯罪案件密度具有不同程度的相关关系;监控点、出租屋、娱乐场所、路网密度及用地类型混合度与财产犯罪具有显著的相关关系。该文结论可为我国城市规划部门制定规划方案、为警务部门制定警务对策提供决策支持,以科学规划城市布局、合理分配警力资源从而缩减城市财产犯罪空间。     

A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget

Contributions of the nine potential dust source regions (North and South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, eastern and western China, North and South America, and Australia) to the global dust budget are investigated with a global dust transport model. A six-year simulation (1990 to 1995) indicates that the greatest contributor to the global dust budget is found to be North Africa (the Sahara Desert), which accounts for 58% of the total global dust emission and 62% of the total global dust load in the atmosphere. Australian dust dominates the southern hemisphere. The dust emission and atmospheric dust load originating from East Asia (eastern and western China) are estimated to be 214 Tg yr^− 1 and 1.1 Tg, respectively, which are 11% and 6% of the total global dust emission and dust load. Dust from East Asia dominates the atmospheric load over China and Mongolia (about 70%), Korea (60%), Japan (50%), and the North Pacific Ocean (40%). The contribution of dust originating from regions other than East Asia to the dust load over these East Asian countries and the North Pacific Ocean cannot be ignored. The simulated total dust deposition flux on Greenland suggests a possible overestimation of the Saharan dust and an underestimation of the East Asian dust in the Arctic region, which may be a common problem with global dust transport models. Possible reasons for the underestimation of the East Asian dust are discussed.     

应用转移概率法作特殊天气项目的预测

运用转移概率方法对阿克苏市历年开春、入冬期和霜冻日期等特殊天气项目序列进行分析研究,揭示出程序列状态之间的转换规律,并利用最大概率预报原理对各项目进行预测,预报效果显著,说明转移概率方法对特殊天气项目的预测具有实际应用价值。     

Geological prognosis of potential zinc and lead resources for Triassic formations in the Silesian-Cracow region in southern Poland

Geological prognosis of zinc and lead potential resources for Triassic formations was carried out for the Olkusz district in the southeast part of Silesian-Cracow region. Known deposits, typical phenomena in surrounding rocks, and quantitative methods for metallic ores for the perspective region or formation were a basis for the models. Statistical analysis of zinc and lead distributions and their interpretation were used to distinguish between the populations of background, anomalies, and ore bodies. Estimated values of the thresholds in the Triassic formations, i.e., 0.5 (anomalies) and 1.1 (ore bodies) wt. % of Zn, and 0.3 and 0.7 wt. % of Pb, respectively, represent the natural limits of concentration for both metals. Similar values of the thresholds obtained by other authors for other districts indicate regional regularities of zinc and lead concentration in the Triassic formations in the whole Silesian-Cracow region. Using these threshold values, the perspective zones of metals concentration can be proposed in the poorly explored areas of this region. In known deposits, the natural limit of zinc used as a cut-off value increase the reserves by about 30–40%.     

THE APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE ON GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PLACER DEPOSIT

The practice has proved that it is an economic and effective method to investigate placer gold deposit by using multi-level information sources of remote sensing and multi-variate analysis methods, especially for the area with a sparse population and difficult condition like the Da Hinggan Mountains, China.The information sources used in our work includes Landsat TM, aerial infrared photography and their mosaic image maps and enlarged photos with different scales. According to statistic data, in the study area the gold-bearing rocks are mainly granite, alaskite, granodiorite and some old metamorphic rocks. On gold-bearing geological structures, the fault zones in the four directions (NE, NNE, NW and EW) are obvious, in which NNE and EW are the most key fault zones. On fluvial geomorphology the flow courses stored placer are in the tributaries of the 4th and 5th levels, especially in straight or slight curve reaches. On the basis of analysis the interpretative signs were set up, and the interpretative wo