黄土高原西部黄土工程物理性质及其成因

根据甘肃东部11个剖面黄土微结构、湿陷系数、凝聚力的测定和西安刘家坡剖面孔隙测定, 研究了黄土孔隙度、湿陷性、抗剪强度及颗粒成分在垂向上的变化规律和成因。结果表明, 孔隙度高、湿陷强和抗剪强度弱的层位是风化成壤弱的黄土层, 孔隙度低、湿陷弱和抗剪强度大的层位是红色古土壤或风化成壤强的黄土层。黄土地层工程物理性质在垂向上具有波动变化特征。第四纪冷干与温湿气候的交替和由此产生的成壤过程变化, 是造成黄土地层工程物理性质波动变化的根本原因。黄土湿陷性是在干旱与半干旱地区弱的成壤过程中产生的, 是草原地带灰黄色土壤具有的特征。在不同地区, 湿陷性黄土分布深度存在差别。干旱区分布深度比湿润区大。在干旱区, 强湿陷黄土分布深度可达12m, 中等湿陷黄土可达17m, 弱湿陷黄土可达20m以上。     

温度影响下的非饱和黄土水分迁移问题探讨

对非饱和黄土土样的实验结果揭示出,对于初始含水量均布的土样,在两端施加温差后,冷端的含水量增大,热端含水量减小。在温度差作用下,温度差越大,土体密度越小,水分迁移特征越明显,土样两端含水量差越大。当初始含水量较大和较小时,温度差引起的含水量差均较小;当初始含水量适中时,温度差引起的含水量差值较大。基于实验结果,考虑含水量和密度的影响,得到温度梯度引起含水量梯度的表述关系式,计算和实测结果验证了该表述式的可靠性。据此得到了考虑温度影响的非饱和黄土水势的表述式,该式考虑了土体密度、温度梯度、含水量和含水量梯度对水势的综合影响,对实验土样的计算结果反映了水分的稳态分布。     

Rb and Sr Geochemical Characterization of the Chinese Loess Stratigraphy and Its Implications for Palaeomonsoon Climate

Concentrations and distributions of Rb and Sr in loess and palaeosol samples from the Luochuan profile have been studied, in grain-size fractions and chemical forms. Results show that Rb is quite rich in the fraction of less than 2μm, and exits only in the residual phase, while Sr is distributed in sand and silt fractions, occurring in the residual and carbonate phases. Therefore, variations of the concentrations of Rb and Sr in loess and palaeosols are closely related not only to dustfall compositions depending on winter monsoon wind strength but also to summer monsoon-induced pedogenic intensity. This indicates that variations of Rb/Sr ratio in Chinese loess sequences represent cyclic alternations of East Asian summer and winter monsoon climates on the orbital time-scale. Variations in Sr concentrations along the sequence bear a high similarity to the oxygen isotope record of the deep sea sediments over the past 2.5 Ma, whereas variations in Rb concentrations are in good agreement with the record of     

西峰地区晚第三纪红土稀土元素的初步研究

本文基于对甘肃西峰地区晚第三纪红土和第四纪风成黄土及古土壤稀土元素的分析,揭示出红土稀土元素丰度与黄土及古土壤相比变化范围较大,可能与碳酸盐的相对淋溶与沉积有关;红土∑ＬＲＥＥ／∑ＨＲＥＥ值明显低于黄土,批示着一定程度的风化作用;而稀土参数δＥｕ、δＣｅ等变化不大,红土、黄土和古土壤稀土模式具有很大的一致性,特别是将红土的稀土元素丰度用碳酸盐校正后,这个特点更加明显,反映了红土与第四纪黄土和古土致     

甘肃环县东山黄土泥流综合治理

东山四沟泥流活动频繁 ,严重威胁环县城区 1 .4万人生命和 1 .6亿元资产安全。对其采取了以均质黄土坝、排导槽、沟头防护墙和涝池等工程措施与植树造林、水平梯田和柳谷坊等生物措施相结合的综合治理方案。     

黄土丘陵小流域土地利用结构对土壤水分时空分布的影响

本项研究选择黄土丘陵沟壑区５种典型土地利用结构和７种主要土地利用类型从１９８年５月到１０月鳘吉测定一次土壤水分,探讨了土地利用结构和类型对土壤水分时空分布的影响。研究结果表明,土壤水分年内季节变化呈现出三峰三谷;林地和间作地对土壤水分有滞后作用;垂直梯度变化可归纳为增长型、降低型和波动型。通过分析５种土地利用结构对坡面土壤水分的影响,指出了调整土地利用结构与布局、发展农果间作和培育深根性植物是黄土     

Separation of pedogenic and lithogenic components of magnetic susceptibility in the Chinese loess/palaeosol sequence as determined by the CBD procedure and a mixing analysis

Magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese loess/palaeosol sequences have been used extensively for palaeoclimatic interpretations. The magnetic signal of these sequences must be divided into lithogenic and pedogenic components because the palaeoclimatic record is primarily reflected in the pedogenic component. In this paper we compare two methods for separating the pedogenic and lithogenic components of the magnetic susceptibility signal: the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extraction procedure, and a mixing analysis. Both methods yield good estimates of the pedogenic component, especially for the palaeosols. The CBD procedure underestimates the lithogenic component and overestimates the pedogenic component. The magnitude of this effect is moderately high in loess layers but almost negligible in palaeosols. The mixing model overestimates the lithogenic component and underestimates the pedogenic component. Both methods can be adjusted to yield better estimates of both components. The lithogenic susceptibility, as determined by either method, suggests that palaeoclimatic interpretations based only on total susceptibility will be in error and that a single estimate of the average lithogenic susceptibility is not an accurate basis for adjusting the total susceptibility. A long-term decline in lithogenic susceptibility with depth in the section suggests more intense or prolonged periods of weathering associated with the formation of the older palaeosols.
The CBD procedure provides the most comprehensive information on the magnitude of the components and magnetic mineralogy of loess and palaeosols. However, the mixing analysis provides a sensitive, rapid, and easily applied alternative to the CBD procedure. A combination of the two approaches provides the most powerful and perhaps the most accurate way of separating the magnetic susceptibility components.     

黄土形成过程的实质与环境

黄土地层的形成实质上是土壤化过程,不同特性的黄土层代表了不同的成壤作用。不同地区的黄土主要是草原、荒漠草原和森林划原地区发育的灰钙土、粟钙土、棕钙土、棕漠土和黑垆土。与红褐色古土壤相比,黄土是冷干气候条件下发育的灰黄色古土壤,黄土层能够作为冷干气候的指示。根据灰黄色古土壤与红色古土壤的交替,可将250万年来黄土区气候变化分为51个旋回亚旋回。     

黄土堆积与冰期事件

黄土高原早期环境 ,应该同其周边环境大体相似 ,也存在冰期问题 :三套“砂质黄土”是冰期遗物的唯一表象 ,这是因为冰体夹在黄土层中间 ,基本丧失了冰川形成条件 ,故虽有冰期而无冰川 ,自然也就没有山岳冰川所形成的各类遗物 ,当然也包括冰川地貌的形踪     

基于无人机倾斜摄影的黄土滑坡信息多维提取与应用分析

本文针对黄土地区地质灾害调查与评估需求,探索了一种基于无人机倾斜摄影影像和飞控数据的滑坡单体信息多维提取的方法.通过影像处理获得的DEM、DOM和实景三维模型等多维数据,对贾家村滑坡坡形、坡度、相对高差、植被覆盖率、纵坡比降、表面积与物源体积进行定量提取,结合区域气象数据分析了贾家村滑坡年均降雨量时空分布规律,利用相关...