旅游业发展状况对古村落文化保护的影响 ——基于对宏村、呈坎、许村居民的调研

在旅游业发展的背景下,居民作为文化传承者对传统地域文化的认同是文化保护的重要基础,而对居民经济利益和文化自信的扰动则是旅游业影响居民文化认同的主要路径。为了验证旅游业发展状况、居民文化认同与古村落文化保护之间的内在联系,对旅游业发展状况不同的宏村、呈坎和许村3个古村落进行田野调查。结果表明：旅游业发展如果能显著增加居民的收入,并为居民创造在开放的交流环境中建立文化自信的机会,则能增进居民对古村落文化的认同和保护意识;但如果旅游业发展中的经济利益分配很不合理,甚至明显存在适应“他者”需求的造假行为,则可能降低居民对古村落文化的认同和保护意识。因此,旅游业发展状况对古村落文化保护的影响存在显著差异,不合理的旅游业发展模式将对古村落文化的原真性保护造成巨大困难。     

节水钻探系统井下工况判断水力模型

节水钻探是基于解决干旱地区和漏失地层钻探严重缺水问题而发展起来的一项最新技术,其通过实现钻井液的孔底局部循环,使钻进过程中的用水量降为原来的5%～20%。节水钻探系统在使用过程中,由于孔内不返水,在地表只能通过观察压力表的变化量来判断孔内工况,精度不高。通过研究,最终解决通过地表压力变化值来判断孔内工作情况的量化问题,建立初步理论模型,从而更加准确地判断孔内的工况,使这套钻具更快地应用到实际工程中。     

基于Flash技术的网络地图发布研究与应用

分析了网络地图的特点与功能,回顾了网络地图的发展历程,并对现今较为成熟的国内、外网络地图发布技术及其实现方式做了比较研究。在此基础上,结合“深圳市资源节约与综合利用网”企业信息发布的实际需要,采用“Flash”技术,实现了真正意义上的“瘦客户端”的网络地图发布系统。     

Public participation applied to the environmental planning

This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public parti,cipation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar.     

Contested and congested spaces: Exploring authenticity in New Zealand farmers' markets

This paper considers issues of authenticity as they apply to the evolution of farmers' markets in New Zealand. Following a discussion of the nature of authenticity and its deployment by farmers' market organisations in several jurisdictions, a two‐part case study is presented. An analysis of the strategies adopted by Farmers' Markets New Zealand to ‘protect its brand’ nationally and an examination of the disputation of authenticity in the Marlborough Farmers' Market reveals the potential of the ‘authenticity project’ to be a lightning rod for heightened tension and the fracturing of the relationship between competing interests in New Zealand farmers' markets.     

Trends in Spatial Statistics

With many leading spatial analysts nearing retirement, reflection on the discipline becomes beneficial. To capture some of their collective perspective, fifty-eight researchers were surveyed on key spatial analysis developments, future challenges, and essential readings for newcomers. Geographic information systems (GIS), new data sources, improved understanding of spatial autocorrelation, spatially local methods, and the spread of spatial analysis beyond geography featured prominently among the twenty-four respondents. Future challenges included overcoming methodological limitations and retaining spatial analysis within geography. Twelve books highlighted by respondents are also summarized. Finally, a synthesis and some thoughts based on survey results are presented.     

Public Targets,Private Choices: Urban Climate Governance in the Pacific Northwest

A survey of local governments participating in two urban climate change programs is presented to determine the mechanisms used to reach emissions reduction goals and the motivations for participation. Results support previous research that shows a preference for policies that rely on changes in individual behavior, while also providing new insights into how mitigation responsibilities are distributed among the public and private sector and the relative importance of scientific consensus, economic incentives, and federal inaction on local government justification for climate-related policies. The article concludes with a discussion of urban climate governance as part of a wider system of neoliberal climate governance.     

The validity of the monocentric city model in a polycentric age: US metropolitan areas in 1990, 2000 and 2010

In this article, we use local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and other spatial analysis techniques to analyze the distribution of centers with high employment density within metropolitan areas. We examine the 359 metropolitan areas across the United States at three points in time (1990, 2000, and 2010) to provide a spatio-temporal panoramic of urban spatial structure. Our analysis highlights three key findings. (1) The monocentric structure persists in a majority of metropolitan areas: 56.5% in 1990, 64.1% in 2000, and 57.7% in 2010. (2) The pattern of employment centers remains stable for most metropolitan areas: the number of centers remained the same for 74.9% of metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2000 and for 85.2% between 2000 and 2010. (3) Compared with monocentric metropolitan areas, polycentric metros are larger and more dense, with higher per-capita incomes and lower poverty rates.     

地方城市的人口回流与移民战略——基于深圳-驻马店的调查研究

改革开放30 多年来,沿海大都市和内陆地方城市之间的发展差距不断拉大,其中人口流动是重要动因。因此,如何吸引人口回流,留住本地人才,是内陆地方城市未来发展的关键。在此背景下,以驻马店为案例地,通过实地调研和问卷访谈,探讨了在深圳市的驻马店籍人口的回流意愿,以及当前驻马店的人口回流状况,并重点对回流创业者与回流购房者的回流动因、地域选择、就业动向及预期等进行了调查分析。研究表明,以驻马店为代表的地方城市已出现了以U-turn 与I-turn 为主的人口回流现象,且回流人口大都从事或打算从事与之前就业行业相关的创业活动。已发现有两种主动回流类型,即创业回流和购房回流。其中,购房回流也可看作是创业回流的前奏,二者可理解为同一回流过程的两个阶段。如果地方政府能够做出积极的政策引导,回流人口及其带动的返乡经济可望成为地方城市摆脱发展困境的一个新战略。     

Sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems： review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models

Suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources, with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and space. The process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended material. This review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling, and critically compares biogeochemical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting studies. Implications of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe, Africa, Australia, Asia, and North and South America. The application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the US （North Fork Broad River watershed） and France （Bldone watershed） with local and global （genetic algorithm） optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original authors. We propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins （using correction factors） and Hughes （relying on iterations involving all data, and not only their mean values） models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.